Analytical Methods
·
2026
·
IF 3
Yi-Yang Fang,Hai-Yan Liu,Zhi-Guo Shi
Phthalates (PAEs) are a class of widely used plasticizers known for their reproductive toxicity and detrimental effects on liver and kidney function. The objective of this study is to develop a dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) method for the enrichment and detection of PAEs in water samples. To achieve effective enrichment and operational convenience, a type of fluorocarbon chain derived silica (abbreviated as FC-silica), which can be dispersed well into aqueous systems, was synthesized. By polar–polar and hydrophobic interactions, the FC-silica was used for extracting six kinds of PAEs, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), successfully. A series of parameters that may influence the extraction were studied in detail. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was employed for the analysis. Under optimal conditions, linearity ranges from 1 to 100 µg mL−1 (R2 > 0.999) and limits of detection from 0.05 to 0.3 µg mL−1 were achieved for the studied PAEs. By the developed FC-silica based d-SPE and GC-FID method, DEP, DIBP, DBP and BBP ranging from 0.089 to 0.187 µg mL−1 were detected in the real lake water sample, while DMP and DNOP were not detected. The present study provided an efficient and convenient method for the analysis of PAEs.
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高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·
IF 6.551
Nai-Xian Feng,Yu-Xi Feng,Qi-Feng Liang,Xin Chen,Lei Xiang,Hai-Ming Zhao,Bai-Lin Liu,Gang Cao,Yan-Wen Li,Hui Li,Quan-Ying Cai,Ce-Hui Mo,Ming Hung Wong
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are environmentally ubiquitous and have aroused a worldwide concern due to their threats to environment and human health. Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most frequently observed PAEs in the environment. In this study, a novel bacterium identified as Pseudomonas sp. YJB6 that isolated from PAEs-contaminated soil was determined to have strong DBP-degrading activity. A complete degradation of DBP in 200 mg/L was achieved within 3 days when YJB6 was cultivated at 31.4 °C with an initial inoculation size of 0.6 (OD600) in basic mineral salts liquid medium (MSM), pH 7.6. The degradation curves of DBP (50–2000 mg/L) fitted well the first-order kinetics model, with a half-life ( t 1/2 ) ranging from 0.86 to 1.88 d. The main degradation intermediates were identified as butyl-ethyl phthalate (BEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), phthalic acid (PA) and benzoic acid (BA), indicating a new complex and complete biodegradation pathway presented by YJB6. DBP might be metabolized through de-esterification, β-oxidation, and hydrolysis, followed by entering the Krebs cycle of YJB6 as a final step. Strain YJB6 was successfully immobilized with sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and SA-PVA. The immobilization significantly improved the stability and adaptability of the cells thus resulting in high volumetric DBP-degrading rates compared to that of the freely suspended cells. In addition, these immobilized cells can be reused for many cycles with well conserved in DBP-degrading activity. The ideal DBP degrading ability of the free and immobilized YJB6 cells suggests that strain YJB6, especially the SA-PVA+ YJB6 promises great potential to remove hazardous PAEs.
研究领域:
环境微生物学
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生物修复
·
化学工程
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高影响因子
TALANTA
·
2015
·
IF 3.545
Mei Xu,Minhua Liu,Meirong Sun,Kun Chen,Xiujun Cao,Yaoming Hu
In this paper, novel core–shell structured magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /silica nanocomposites with triblock-copolymer grafted on their surface (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @MDN) were successfully fabricated by combining a sol–gel method with a seeded aqueous-phase radical copolymerization approach. Owing to the excellent characteristics of the strong magnetic responsivity, outstanding hydrophilicity and abundant π-electron system, the obtained core–shell structured microspheres showed great potential as a magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent. Several kinds of phthalate esters (PAEs) were selected as model analytes to systematically evaluate the applicability of adsorbents for extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses. Various parameters, including adsorbents amounts, adsorption time, species of eluent , and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, Validation experiments such as recovery, reproducibility, and limit of detection were carried on and showed satisfactory results. The analysis method showed excellent linearity with a wide range of 0.2–10 mg/kg ( R 2 >0.9974) and low limits of detection (LOD) of 0.02–0.09 mg/kg ( S / N =3). Ultimately, the novel magnetic adsorbents were successfully employed to detect the PAEs in apparel textile samples. And the results indicated that this novel approach brought forward in the present work offered an attractive alternative for rapid, efficient and sensitive MSPE for PAEs compounds.
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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材料科学
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ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2020
·
IF 5.715
Pei-Pei Du,Yu-Hong Huang,Huixiong Lü,Lei Xiang,Yan-Wen Li,Hui Li,Ce-Hui Mo,Quan-Ying Cai,Qing X. Li
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is a class of prevalent pollutants in agricultural soil , threating food safety through crop uptake and accumulation of PAEs. Accumulation of PAEs varies largely among crop species and cultivars. Nevertheless, how root exudates affect PAE bioavailability , dissipation, uptake and accumulation is still not well understood. In the present study, desorption and pot experiments were designed to investigate how root exudates from high-( Peizataifeng ) and low-( Fengyousimiao ) PAE accumulating rice cultivars affect soil PAE bioavailability, dissipation, and accumulation variation. Rice root exudates including low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) of Peizataifeng and Fengyousimiao could enhance desorption of two typical PAE compounds, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from aged soil to their available fractions by increasing soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), thus improving their bioavailability in soil. Peizataifeng produced twice higher amounts of oxalic acid , critic acid and malonic acid in root exudates, and exhibited stronger effects on enhancing desorption and bioavailability of DBP and DEHP than Fengyousimiao . Higher (by about 50%) total organic carbon contents of root exudates from Peizataifeng led to higher (by 10–30%) soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen than Fengyousimiao , and thus promoted more PAE dissipation from soil than Fengyousimiao . Nevertheless, higher (by 20–50%) soil DOC and significantly higher PAE bioavailability in the soils planted Peizataifeng resulted in greater (by 53–93%) PAE accumulation in roots and shoots of Peizataifeng than Fengyousimiao , confirming by higher (by 1.82–3.48 folds) shoot and root bioconcentration factors of Peizataifeng than Fengyousimiao . This study reveals that the difference in root exudate extent and LMWOAs between Peizataifeng and Fengyousimiao differentiates PAE accumulation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
农业科学
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2023
·
IF 13.6
Yimin Xie,Yihuai Huang,Zhiwei Liang,Hojae Shim
Waste scrap tyre as microbial immobilization matrix enhanced degradation of phthalate esters (PAEs), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and diethyl phthalate (DEP). The hybrid (physical adsorption and microbial immobilization) degradation process performance of scrap tyres was examined for the PAEs degradation. The scrap tyre was shown with competitive adsorption capacity toward PAEs, influenced by pH, temperature, dosage of adsorbent (scrap tyre), and concentration of PAE. The primary adsorption mechanism for tyres toward PAEs was considered hydrophobic. The immobilization of previously isolated Bacillus sp. MY156 on tyre surface significantly enhanced PAEs degradation as well as bacterial growth. The enzymatic activity results implied immobilization promoted dehydrogenase activity and decreased esterase activity. The cell surface response during PAEs degradation, in terms of morphological observation, FTIR and XRD analyses, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) release, was further assessed to better understand the interactions between microorganisms and tyre surface. Waste scrap tyres could be a promising potential candidate to be reused for sustainable environmental management, including contaminants removal.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理
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微生物学
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材料科学
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可持续发展
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SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Xuyang Chai,Luyao Wen,Yuanyuan Song,Xiaochong He,Jingxian Yue,Jianlin Wu,Xin Chen,Zongwei Cai,Zenghua Qi
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are one of the significant classes of emerging contaminants that are increasingly detected in environmental and human samples. Nevertheless, the current toxicity studies rarely report how PAEs affect the cardiovascular system, especially in obese individuals. In this study, diet-induced obese mice and corresponding normal mice were exposed to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by oral gavage at environmentally relevant concentrations and key characteristics of cardiovascular risk were examined. The 16S rRNA and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used to investigate the alterations in the gut microbial profile and metabolic homeostasis. The results indicated that the cardiovascular system of fat individuals was more susceptible to DEHP exposure than mice in the lean group. 16S rRNA-based profiling and correlation analysis collectively suggested DEHP-induced gut microbial remodeling in fed a high-fat diet mice, represented by the abundance of the genus Faecalibaculum . Using metagenomic approaches, Faecalibaculum rodentium was identified as the top-ranked candidate bacterium. Additionally, metabolomics data revealed that DEHP exposure altered the gut metabolic homeostasis of arachidonic acid (AA), which is associated with adverse cardiovascular events. Finally, cultures of Faecalibaculum rodentium were treated with AA in vitro to verify the role of Faecalibaculum rodentium in altering AA metabolism. Our findings provide novel insights into DEHP exposure induced cardiovascular damage in obese individuals and suggest that AA could be used as a potential modulator of gut microbiota to prevent related diseases.
研究领域:
毒理学
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微生物学
·
心血管科学
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环境健康
·
代谢组学
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TOXICOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Zhisen Zhuang,Lijuan You,Jianbo Kong,Yaru Tian,Yongning Li,Yuan Zhi,Bo Zhang,Yi Wan,Xudong Jia,Hui Yang
Phthalate esters (PAEs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous pollutants tied to metabolic and immune disorders. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway has been indicated to mediate their toxic effects, but the specific functions of PPAR subtypes and their mediating roles remain unclear. In this study, we generated PPARα-, δ-, and γ-specific knockout THP-1 cell lines by using CRISPR/Cas9 system and then differentiated them into interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13)-polarized macrophages (alternative activation). During the induction process, the cells were exposed to 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 μM of five PAE metabolites: Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), Monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), Monoisonyl phthalate (MINP), Monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP), and Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP); and five PFAS: Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), Potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS-K), and Potassium 9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate (F53B) for 48 h. The results showed that PPARδ deletion abolished CD209 expression, confirming its essential role, whereas PPARα deletion reduced and PPARγ deletion enhanced CD209, indicating PPARα promotes and PPARγ restrains alternative activation. Compounds displayed subtype-selective actions: MEHP activated PPARα/γ; MBzP/MCHP inhibited PPARδ yet activated PPARγ; MINP activated PPARγ only. Among PFAS, PFOS-K activated PPARδ/γ; F53B inhibited PPARα; PFOA activated PPARγ; PFDA inhibited PPARα/δ. Transcriptomics revealed compound-specific enrichments—cholesterol (MEHP), fatty-acid (MCHP), glycolysis (PFOS-K), TCA cycle (PFOA)—despite common PPAR pathway engagement. In conclusion, PAEs and PFAS disrupt macrophage plasticity through distinct PPAR-subtype signatures, providing molecular landmarks for future hazard assessment of environmental pollutants.
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Journal of Integrative Agriculture
·
2024
·
IF 4.6
Jie Li,Shanjie Han,Ruhang Xu,Xuchen Zhang,Junquan Liang,Mengxin Wang,Baoyu Han
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are an emerging pollutant due to widespread distribution in environmental mediums that have attracted widespread attention over recent years. However, there is little information about tea plantation soil PAEs. A total of 270 soil samples collected from 45 tea plantations in the major high-quality tea-producing regions of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces in China were analyzed for seven PAEs. The detection frequency of PAEs in tea plantation soil was 100%. DBP, DEHP, and DiBP were the main congeners in tea plantation soil. The PAEs concentrations in the upper soil were significantly higher than those in the lower soil. The concentration of tea plantation soil PAEs in Jiangsu Province was significantly lower than those in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces. Intercropping with chestnuts can effectively reduce the contamination level of PAEs in tea plantation soil. Correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, partial correlation analysis, and SEM methods further confirmed the strong direct influence of factors such as chestnut-tea intercropping, temperature, and agricultural chemicals on the variation of PAEs in tea plantation soil. The health and ecological risk assessments indicated that non-carcinogenic risk was within a safe range and that there was a high carcinogenic risk via the dietary pathway, with DBP posing the highest ecological risk.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2018
·Vol. 25
·期 18
·17768-17780
·
IF 2.8
Wu Yang,Chen Xue-Xue,Zhu Ting-Kai,Li Xing,Chen Xiao-Hong,Mo Ce-Hui,Li Yan-Wen,Cai Quan-Ying,Wong Ming-Hung
The extensive use of plasticizers containing di- n -butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) results in high residual concentrations in agricultural soils and poses potential risks to human health through the food chain. Here, two rice cultivars with low ( Fengyousimiao ) and high ( Peizataifeng ) phthalic acid ester (PAE) accumulation were grown in leaching columns packed with DBP- and DEHP-contaminated soils to investigate their transport, fraction distribution, and accumulation in soil-rice-water system. Significant differences in soil vertical distribution of DBP and DEHP were observed among the two cultivars, sterilization and non-sterilization treatments . Both DBP and DEHP could leach to the bottom layer even though their concentrations in both soil and pore water decreased along with soil depth. DBP and DEHP concentrations in pore water were significantly correlated with those in corresponding soil layer at ripening stage. The available fractions including desorbing and non-desorbing fractions were predominant in the total concentrations of DBP and DEHP of soils. DBP and DEHP storages in coarse soil fractions (i.e., coarse and fine sands) with higher bioavailability displayed higher bioconcentration factors compared to finer soil fractions (i.e., silt and clay), and bioconcentration factors of Peizataifeng were higher than those of Fengyousimiao . The variations in vertical migration and accumulation of DBP and DEHP by the two cultivars implied different adverse effects on the security of groundwater and food.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
农业科学
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2018
·
IF 8.097
Yinghua Yan,Yujie Lu,Baichun Wang,Yiqian Gao,Lingling Zhao,Hongze Liang,Dapeng Wu
The development of covalent organic framework (COF)-derived materials with additional functions and applications is highly desired. In this work, a unique COF-functionalized hydrophilic magnetic nanosphere (Fe3O4@PDA@TbBd) with Fe3O4 as a magnetic core, polydopamine (PDA) as a hydrophilic middle layer, and TbBd as an outer COF shell was facilely prepared as a novel hydrophilic platform for efficient detection of phthalic acid esters (PAEs). The resultant Fe3O4@PDA@TbBd nanosphere displayed strong magnetic response, high surface area, and good hydrophilicity. Accordingly, the newly synthesized COF exhibited great potential in phthalate analysis with a wide linearity (50–8000 ng/mL), good recovery (92.3–98.9%), a low limit of detection (0.0025–0.01 ng/mL), and a small relative standard deviation (for intraday less than 4.6% and for interday less than 6.8%). More excitingly, the new COF was applied to analyze nine PAEs in the human plasma sample. This work opens up new avenues for the development and application of functionalized COF-derived materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分析化学
·
纳米技术
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Emerging Contaminants
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Guang-Yu Gong,Fu-Liang Xiang,Jiang Li,Li-Tao Zhou,Sen Li,Shi-Jin Ma,Ruo-Xue He,Da-Hai He,Ying-Yuan Zhang
Phthalate esters (PAEs), widely used plasticizers, have attracted increasing attention due to their persistence and congener‐dependent ecological risks in aquatic systems. This study examined Caohai Lake, a representative plateau lake in Guizhou, China, where water, sediment, aquatic plants, and fish were sampled from 20 sites during dry and wet seasons. Six common PAEs (DMP, DEP, DBP, BBP, DEHP, and DNOP) were analyzed for spatial distribution, seasonal variation, and migration characteristics. The mean ∑ 6 PAE concentrations in water, sediment, with supplementary data from surrounding soils, were 27.17 ng/L, 48.27 μg/kg dw (water and sediment, respectively) during the dry season, increasing to 158.56 ng/L, and 248 μg/kg dw in the wet season; PAE concentrations in surrounding soils were 105.3 μg/kg dw and 248 μg/kg dw in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. DBP and DEHP were the dominant monomers in all media. Aquatic plants showed notable bioaccumulation, while fish exhibited limited accumulation. Ecological risk assessment using risk quotient analysis identified DEHP as the primary concern in both seasons, with DBP posing higher risk in the wet season, whereas DMP and DEP showed negligible risks. Migration analysis suggested that DMP, DEP, and DBP tended to desorb from sediments into overlying water, while DEHP was mainly adsorbed from water to sediments. These findings clarify the multimedia distribution and interfacial migration behaviors of PAEs in a plateau lake, offering scientific support for understanding their ecological risks and environmental fate in enclosed lake systems.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Ning Wang,Nan Zhang,Mei-Ling Sun,Yan Sun,Qing-Yu Dong,Yu Wang,Zeng-Tian Gu,Hai-Tao Ding,Qi-Long Qin,Yong Jiang,Xiu-Lan Chen,Yu-Zhong Zhang,Chao Gao,Chun-Yang Li
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging hazardous and toxic chemicals that are extensively used as plasticizers or additives. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and dimethyl phthalate (DMP), two kinds of PAEs, have been listed as the priority pollutants by many countries. PAE hydrolases are the most effective enzymes in PAE degradation, among which family IV esterases are predominate. However, only a few PAE hydrolases have been characterized, and as far as we know, no crystal structure of any PAE hydrolases of the family IV esterases is available to date. HylD1 is a PAE hydrolase of the family IV esterases, which can degrade DMP and DEP. Here, the recombinant HylD1 was characterized. HylD1 maintained a dimer in solution, and functioned under a relatively wide pH range. The crystal structures of HylD1 and its complex with monoethyl phthalate were solved. Residues involved in substrate binding were identified. The catalytic mechanism of HylD1 mediated by the catalytic triad Ser140-Asp231-His261 was further proposed. The hylD1 gene is widely distributed in different environments, suggesting its important role in PAEs degradation. This study provides a better understanding of PAEs hydrolysis , and lays out favorable bases for the rational design of highly-efficient PAEs degradation enzymes for industrial applications in future.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生物化学
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酶学
·
结构生物学
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）