POLYMER
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2024
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IF 4.1
Caizhao Liu,Shuaijie Li,Zhigang Yuan,Shuangle Xue,Mingming Sun,Xugang Zhang,Jianhui Li,Gang Xue,Xuefeng Bai,Wenbin Liu,Bin Zhang
Phthalonitrile (PN) resins are highly valued in high-performance applications due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, traditional PN monomers suffer from high melting points and slow curing rates, often requiring external curing accelerators that can compromise thermal performance. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel low-melting maleimide-containing PN monomers designed to enhance curing efficiency and thermal properties. Maleimide groups were introduced to improve self-catalytic properties, facilitating a more efficient curing process. The polymerization behavior, thermal stability, adhesive, and mechanical properties of these compounds were thoroughly investigated. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and rheological tests showed that incorporating alkyl groups significantly improved flow properties, facilitating easier processing. The difference in the three-dimensional network structures of the cured PN resins was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated outstanding thermal stability, with 5 % weight loss temperatures ranging from 387 °C to 418 °C under air and from 420 °C to 471 °C under nitrogen. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) confirmed high glass transition temperatures ( Tg ) exceeding 400 °C, indicating superior thermal performance and making these resins suitable for advanced applications in harsh environments. These findings suggest that low-melting maleimide-containing PN systems are promising candidates for high-performance materials in aerospace, electronics, and other demanding fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH
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2016
·Vol. 24
·期 5
·409-414
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IF 1.357
Zheng Jian,Zhang Yan,Wang Ying,Gan Jianqun,Shen Lu,Luo FuBin,Liang Liyan,Wu Kun,Lu Mangeng
A lateral phthalonitrile functionalized main-chain polybenzoxazine precursor has been successfully synthesized. The structure was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The formation of benzoxazine rings were confirmed by the characteristic resonances observed at about 4.55 (C-CH 2 -N) and 5.30 ppm (N-CH 2 -O) and the absorbance at 950 cm -1 of benzene attached with an oxazine ring. The curing behavior was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FTIR. The completion of polymerization was proved by the disappearance of the band located at 950 cm -1 in FTIR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability, and the results indicated that the thermal stability of the cured polymer gained significant improvement than that without phthalonitrile functionalization.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS & DESIGN
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2015
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IF 3.501
Mehdi Derradji,Noureddine Ramdani,Tong Zhang,Jun Wang,Tian-tian Feng,Hui Wang,Wen-bin Liu
A new type of composite based on phthalonitrile resin reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) microparticles was prepared. For various weight ratios ranging between 0% and 20%, the effect of the micro-SiC particles on the mechanical and thermal properties has been studied. Results from thermal analysis revealed that the starting decomposition temperature and the residual weight were significantly improved upon adding the reinforcing phase. At the maximum micro-SiC loading, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed an important enhancement in both the storage modulus and glass transition temperature ( T g ), reaching 3.1 GPa and 338 °C, respectively. The flexural strength and modulus as well as the microhardness were significantly enhanced by adding the microfillers. Tensile test revealed enhancements in the composites toughness upon adding the microparticles. Polarization optical microscope (POM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed that mechanical and thermal properties improvements are essentially attributed to the good dispersion and adhesion between the particles and the resin.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
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2016
·Vol. 54
·期 24
·3819-3825
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IF 3.114
Zhenjie Xi,Xinggang Chen,Xiaoyan Yu,Yuanhui Ma,Puguang Ji,Kimiyoshi Naito,Huili Ding,Xiongwei Qu,Qingxin Zhang
A novel pyridine-containing aromatic phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6-bis[4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)benzoyl]pyridine (BCBP) was synthesized from the nitro displacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile by the phenoxide of 2,6-bis (4-hydroxybenzoyl)pyridine (BHBP). 4-(Aminophenoxy) phthalonitrile (APPH) was selected to promote the curing reaction, and the curing behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), suggesting a wide processing window about 64 °C. Different curing additive concentrations resulted in polymers with different crosslinking degrees and subsequently influenced the performance of resins. The resulting BCBP polymer exhibited high glass transition temperatures exceeding 400 °C, outstanding thermo-oxidative stability with weight retention of 95% at 530 °C, indicating a significant improvement in thermal properties endowed by pyridine units. Additionally, it also showed a lower overall water absorption after submersion in boiling water for 50 hours. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54 , 3819–3825
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
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2018
·
IF 1.047
Haifeng Wang,Zhenjiang Zhang,Puguang Ji,Xiaoyan Yu,Kimiyoshi Naito,Qingxin Zhang
A novel vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6-bis[3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)styryl]pyridine (BDSP), was resoundingly produced by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6-bis(3-hydroxystyryl)pyridine with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. The chemical structure of the synthesized BDSP was confirmed by proton (1H) and carbon (12C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The curing behavior of BDSP was investigated by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The resin showed a low complex viscosity in the wide processing window between the monomer melting temperature and the curing temperature of the polymer, as discovered by rheological analysis. In addition, the properties of the polymer were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the test results, the BDSP polymer demonstrated superior processing performance, excellent thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, and low water uptake, and these advanced performance characteristics are critical to many fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
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2018
·Vol. 20
·期 22
·5158-5168
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IF 8.586
Weifeng Peng,Fang Yao,Jianghuai Hu,Yao Liu,Zheng Lu,Yang Liu,Zhengzhou Liu,Ke Zeng,Gang Yang
Further enriching the source of bio-based raw materials for thermosets is of significant importance in the current development context. In this paper, we synthesized a novel bio-based phthalonitrile monomer derived from L-tyrosine to verify the feasibility of a bio-based L-tyrosine molecular design platform for thermosets, and to prove that the L-tyrosine building-block can confer high performance. The biomass content of L-tyrosine-based phthalonitrile monomer reaches 56%, higher than other bio-based phthalonitrile resins. The structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analyses. The curing behavior was investigated by FTIR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FTIR spectra. The processability was studied by rheological analysis. And a study of the curing kinetics of the TPN monomer was carried out by non-isothermal DSC. Finally, the physical properties of the cured polymer were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that the phthalonitrile resin exhibited a high glass transition temperature (Tg) and excellent thermal properties compared with petroleum-based bisphenol A phthalonitrile resin. The results also demonstrate that introducing L-tyrosine into thermosets is feasible and can simultaneously impart excellent performances to the materials with relatively high level of biomass.
研究领域:
材料科学
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有机化学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
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2025
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IF 4.5
Zhiyi Guo,Xudong Wang,Athar Ali Khan Gorar,Zhongcheng Pan,Wenbin Liu,Jun Wang
A bio-based triphenol compound (GVT) was prepared using vanillin and guaiacol from biomass as starting materials. Then, 4-nitrophthalonitrile was used to obtain a new bio-based trifunctional phthalonitrile monomer (GVTP) through nucleophilic substitution reaction in a green solvent. The successful preparation of GVT and GVTP was proved by hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). 4-(4-aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPN) was chosen as the curing agent. Tests were carried out using FT-IR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and rheometer. The results showed that the prepolymer had a wide processing window and low melt viscosity at 220.5 ℃ (0.404 Pa·s). The cured resin had a high glass transition temperature ( T g ) (402 °C). When the post-curing temperature is 375 °C, the temperatures at 5 % weight loss ( T 5 ) are 521 °C. This research offers an environmentally friendly method for effectively using bio-based aldehydes and bio monophenols, and the prepared resin offers the benefits of carbon reduction and renewability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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有机化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 2.1
Xinyang Zhang,Xinyang Wang,Shuo Zhang,Minjie Wu,Jianxin Rong,Wenshuang Han,Tao Zhao,Xiaoyan Yu,Qingxin Zhang
Phthalonitrile monomer with alkyl, pyrimidine, and amino is successfully prepared by nucleophilic substitution. The monomer is cured by autocatalysis of active hydrogen in the amino group, in order to obtain polymers through different temperature procedures. The low melting point (96°C) and curing kinetics of the monomer are analyzed by DSC, which manifest a processing window of 163°C. With lower energy barriers to overcome, the apparent activation energy (Ea) is 59.6 kJ mol−1 after fitting and calculating, signifying that the monomers are easier to process into polymers. This study focuses on the usefulness of the polymer, especially the long-term thermal stability by the comparison of numerous commonly used polymers. The consequence demonstrates that the polymer could be used for long periods at 300°C, keeping weight loss within 5 wt.% for 6 h. The advantage of long-term usage at high temperatures has not been proved in previous works on phthalonitrile polymer. Moreover, the thermal and thermal-mechanical stability are examined through TGA and DMA. The results indicate preferable thermal properties, that the glass transition temperature is up to 400°C.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
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2024
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IF 4.5
Zhiyi Guo,Qiufei Chen,Zhicheng Wang,Athar Ali Khan Gorar,Jun Wang,Wenbin Liu
Bio-based bisphenol compounds were prepared using eugenol from biomass as the initial raw material. A reaction of nucleophilic substitution takes place with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in an environmentally friendly solvent to produce bio-based propenyl-derived phthalonitrile monomers. The effective preparation of compounds was proven using hydrogen and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). By employing the process of free radical catalysis, it is possible to directly cure the novel phthalonitrile monomers without the need for a specific small molecule curing agent. The cured resin was reported to have high glass transition temperature, good thermal stability, and processing properties by FT-IR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanical analyzer, and rheometer techniques. The flexural test and scanning electron microscopy results show that both resins have a consistent, flawless structure and improved mechanical properties. Eugenol is derived from sustainable biomass, offering an environmentally friendly approach to utilizing biological monophenols effectively. It provides the benefits of carbon reduction and renewability, making it a valuable and eco-conscious resource.
研究领域:
材料科学
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有机化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2024
·
IF 4.9
Dengyu Wang,Xulin Yang,Yingqing Zhan,Xiaoxiao Li,Pan Wang,Kui Li,Fei Zhong,Ying Li,Yun Zheng
This study introduces a novel graphene/bio-based phthalonitrile nanocomposite with ultrahigh dielectric constant and excellent thermal stability. Specifically, a bio-based phthalonitrile resin (CPN) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution between cardanol and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. Graphene sheets (GNS) were prepared by direct high-speed wet ball-milling exfoliation method. Then, CPN/GNS nanocomposites were prepared by a facile hot-press method and their structures, dielectric and thermal degradation behaviors were systematically discussed. The incorporation of GNS significantly improved the dielectric constant of CPN/GNS nanocomposites by 1096.80 % compared with that of phthalonitrile matrix. Thermal decomposition of CPN/GNS nanocomposite happened in the cleavages of weak C-N, C-O and C-C bond, with a stacking mechanism of main chain decomposition and the further carbonization of prior decomposition product by releasing NH 3 , CO 2 , CH 4 , C 6 H 6 , C 6 H 5 OH and H 2 O. CPN/GNS nanocomposites showed excellent thermal stabilities and flame reactance, with a T d5 % of over 400 °C, a char yield of 36 wt% at 800 °C and a limit oxygen index of above 32, respectively. CPN/GNS nanocomposite holds great promise as an environmentally friendly replacement for petroleum-based materials in high-temperature resistant dielectric applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2020
·
IF 7.094
Xianyuan Liu,Zilong Wang,Jinsong Sun,Zehua Zhao,Shuyi Zhan,Ying Guo,Heng Zhou,Wenbin Liu,Jun Wang,Tong Zhao
Alumina-coated graphite (Al 2 O 3 @graphite) core-shell particles were firstly synthesized by a liquid-phase chemical precipitation with the aid of sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) surfactant using an inorganic precursor, then to fabricate thermally conductive and electrically insulating phthalonitrile composites by a hot-compression method. The obtained composite with 40 wt% Al 2 O 3 @graphite exhibited a thermal conductivity of 1.409 W/mK, 6.6 times that of pristine phthalonitrile matrix (0.214 W/mK). And the composites still retained electrical insulation below 20 wt% Al 2 O 3 @graphite content. Moreover, excellent thermal stabilities had been observed, compared with the glass transition temperature of pristine phthalonitriles (460 °C), the glass transition temperature of the composites decreased slightly but still high. Additionally, at 20 wt% content, the weight loss temperature (T 5 and T 10 ) and the char yield at 1000 °C (Y c 1000) were 525 °C, 589 °C and 74.9% which was 8 °C, 14 °C and 3.1% higher than that of pristine phthalonitriles, respectively, which holds potential for use in the high temperature thermal management.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
热管理技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Yuhang Liu,Cong Peng,Ruoxi Fan,Zhanjun Wu
The phthalonitrile monomer (AFPN) containing trifluoromethyl was prepared and blended with the widely used bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBF)/diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) system to prepare a series of thermosets. The incorporation of AFPN endowed the thermoset with obviously promoted thermal stability and flame retardancy. The glass transition temperature (T g ) and char yield at 800 °C in N 2 were 161 °C and 18.1 % respectively for the pure EP/DDS (EP0) which increased to 203 °C and 32.3 % for the thermoset containing 30 wt.% AFPN (EP/AF30). The detailed study on the mechanism of pyrolysis and flame retardancy was presented. The formation of graphite-like nitrogen-containing structure and •CF 3 free radicals during combustion in the solid phase and gaseous phase, respectively, was confirmed. It was confirmed that there was synergistic effect of phthalonitrile and trifluoromethyl on the flame retardancy of the thermoset. Moreover, the dielectric constant decreased from 2.39 to 1.45 at 1 MHz which is favorable for the application as low dielectric materials.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
阻燃材料
·
热分析
·
介电材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）