Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
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2018
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IF 1.991
Yan-Zi LI,Zhi-Na MA,Yin-Shi SUN,Shen REN,Shuang JIANG,Wei-Zhe ZHANG,Zi WANG,Wei LI
The present study was designed to evaluate protective activity of an ethanol extract of the stems of Schisandra chinensis (SCE) and explore its possible molecular mechanisms on acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity in a mouse model. The results of HPLC analysis showed that the main components of SCE included schisandrol A, schisandrol B, deoxyschisandrin, schisandrin B, and schisandrin C and their contents were 5.83, 7.11, 2.13, 4.86, 0.42 mg·g −1 , respectively. SCE extract was given for 7 consecutive days before a single hepatotoxic dose of APAP (250 mg·kg −1 ) was injected to mice. Our results showed that SCE pretreatment ameliorated liver dysfunction and oxidative stress, which was evidenced by significant decreases in aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and elevations in reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. These findings were associated with the result that the SCE pretreatment significantly decreased expression levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). SCE also significantly decreased the expression levels of Bax, mitogen- activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cleaved caspase-3 by APAP exposure. Furthermore, supplementation with SCE suppressed the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), suggesting alleviation of inflammatory response. In summary, these findings from the present study clearly demonstrated that SCE exerted significant alleviation in APAP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis mainly via regulating MAPK and caspase-3 signaling pathways.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Dong-Xue Zhang,Shuai Qu,Yu-Han Liu,Chen Xu,Xiao-Ying Liu,Hong Kan,Kai Dong,Ying-Ping Wang
In this study, we employed a melamine sponge (MS) as the skeleton material and utilized carbonized ZIF-8 (CZIF-8) and chitosan (CS) as the raw materials to prepare CZIF-8/CS-MS, a novel material featuring a three-dimensional interconnected porous network. The resulting CZIF-8/CS-MS material possesses a unique porous structure, significant specific surface area and abundant active sites. These characteristics make CZIF-8/CS-MS a promising absorbent for selective purification of plant growth regulators (PGRs) including 1-naphthlcetic acid (NAA), naphthoxyacetic acid (NOA), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). After optimizing the extraction conditions, excellent linearity ( r > 0.9994) was observed within a wide linear range of 1–100 ng/mL using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. The detection limits (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were found to be in the range of 0.013–0.154 ng/mL and 0.044–0.515 ng/mL, respectively. Additionally, the relative recovery of Schisandra chinensis fruit samples was determined to be 89.7–99.4 %, with a relative standard deviation (RSDs) of ≤ 8.4 % ( n = 3). Compared to other methods, this approach offers a multitude of benefits, which include but are not limited to exceptional sensitivity, reduced sample volume requirements, low LODs, a comparable linear range, and high reproducibility. The findings of this study pave the way for exploring novel functionalized sponge columns, which leverage the integration of nano-sorbent materials and coating agents, for the purpose of analyzing PGRs within intricate matrix samples.
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EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
·
2021
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IF 4.432
Guangyu Xu,Xi Lv,Yanbo Feng,Han Li,Cong Chen,Hao Lin,He Li,Chunmei Wang,Jianguang Chen,Jinghui Sun
The aim of this study was to analyze the active components of Schisandra chinensis on liver injury and its mechanism in mice by network pharmacology . The active components of S. chinensis were found through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and their corresponding targets were predicted. The targets of liver injury were searched through Therapeutic Targets Database (TTD), DisGeNET and drugbank databases, and the Venn diagram was constructed to obtain the action targets. The “drug-active component-target” network and protein-protein interaction network (PPI) were constructed by using STRING database and Cytoscape software, and the key targets were further screened by the enrichment analysis of relevant KEGG pathways. Finally, a CCl 4 -induced mouse liver injury model was established to verify the efficacy and related targets of S. chinensis and clarify its mechanism. Eight active components and 56 related targets of S. chinensis were screened out based on their oral bioavailability (OB) and drug likeness (DL). Five targets of S. chinensis related to liver injury were found by using the Venn diagram. The key targets, namely Ptgs2 and Nos2 genes, were further screened out by constructing a PPI network, and Schisandrol B (SCB) was considered the key component most closely related to the liver injury in S. chinensis . The results indicate that SCB may play a role in the treatment of the CCl 4 -induced liver injury by down-regulating the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and regulating the expression of NF-κB and IL-17 signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factors.
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JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2022
·
IF 5.195
Zhenhua Bian,Yuwen Qin,Lin Li,Lianlin Su,Chenghao Fei,Yu Li,Minmin Hu,Xiaowei Chen,Wei Zhang,Chunqin Mao,Xiaohang Yuan,Tulin Lu,De Ji
Ethnopharmacological relevance the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SC) is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating intestinal diseases . It is also traditionally used as health product and medicine in Russia and other countries. However, the effect of SC ethanol extract on anti-ulcerative colitis (UC) has not been systematically studied yet. Aim of the study We investigated the protective effects and underlying action mechanisms of SC extract (SCE) for UC treatment. Materials and methods An animal model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was established. After oral administration of SCE, the Disease Activity Index (DAI) was calculated, the length of colon measured, levels of proinflammatory factors determined, and histopathology carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy of SCE on UC. The effects of SCE on the toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome (TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome) signaling pathway were evaluated by western blotting . High-throughput sequencing was done to reveal the effect of SCE on the change of the gut microbiota (GM) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Results SCE significantly reduced the DAI score, restored colon-length shortening, and ameliorated colonic histopathologic injury in mice with DSS-induced colitis. SCE inhibited the inflammatory response by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in mice with UC. SCE also maintained gut barrier function by increasing the levels of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and occludin . 16S rRNA sequencing showed that SCE could reverse the GM imbalance caused by UC. Conclusions SCE can ameliorate DSS-induced colitis, and that its effects might be associated with suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and GM regulation, which may provide significant supports for the development of potential candidates for UC treatment.
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 6.7
Jiaqi Xu,Lincheng Bai,Tiantian Wang,Zeyu Yi,Hua Han,Peiliang Dong
Schisandra chinensis-Evodia Herbal Pair (SEHP) is one of the classic Chinese herbal formulas for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but its complex chemical composition renders traditional analytical methods inefficient. Retention time (RT) provides complementary information to mass spectrometry, supporting qualitative identification. To enhance identification accuracy and efficiency, this study pioneered the integration of Retip retention time prediction with five machine learning models (Random Forest, BRNN, XGBoost, LightGBM, and Keras) for the systematic identification of SEHP chemical constituents. Using UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS technology combined with MS-DIAL and Compound Discoverer software, 165 compounds were identified, including alkaloids, organic acids, and lignans. The LightGBM model achieved high-precision RT prediction within a ±1 min tolerance, significantly reducing false positive identification rates. Through in vivo experiments, 56 parent compounds and 281 metabolites were identified in plasma, urine, feces, liver, and brain tissues of 3xTg-AD mice, revealing their Phase I and II metabolic characteristics. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis suggested that SEHP may exert anti-AD effects by regulating key targets such as TNF, AKT1, STAT3, and inflammation-related pathways, including PI3K and MAPK. This study established an efficient and reliable strategy for identifying Chinese herbal medicine components and analyzing their in vivo metabolism, providing scientific evidence for the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanism of action of SEHP.
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Frontiers in Pharmacology
·
2026
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IF 4.8
Qi Li,Mei Feng,Qi luo,Chen Yalin Ye,Yi Ke Luo,Ling Yu Xu
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SCH), a traditional hepatoprotective herb, has shown therapeutic potential; however, its mechanisms in NAFLD remain incompletely understood.Objective: To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of SCH against NAFLD through integrated genetic, experimental, and multi-omics approaches.Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis based on large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets was performed to evaluate the causal effects of lipid traits on NAFLD risk. An HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model was used to assess the therapeutic efficacy of SCH extract, with evaluations of serum lipid profiles, liver function, and histopathology. Multi-omics analyses—including 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted lipidomics, and hepatic metabolite profiling (LC-MS/MS)—were integrated with network pharmacology to predict active metabolite–target–pathway interactions. In vitro, an FFA-induced HepG2 steatosis model was used to screen the bioactive fractions of SCH.Results: SCH significantly reduced hepatic TG accumulation and improved serum lipid profiles. MR analysis confirmed TG as a causal factor for NAFLD. SCH intervention enriched beneficial taxa (e.g., Turicibacter, Muribaculaceae) while suppressing HFD-induced dysbiosis. Lipidomics revealed modulation of glycerophospholipid and choline metabolism. Key phytometabolites (e.g., schisandrin B, gomisin N) were correlated with microbial composition and lipid remodeling. Network pharmacology identified putative targets involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation, and neuroendocrine signaling (e.g., PTGS2, GABRA1, ESR1). GO and KEGG enrichment supported roles in oxidative stress, steroid hormone signaling, and GABAergic synapse pathways, consistent with experimental multi-omics results. In vitro assays demonstrated that the n-butanol (BuOH) fraction was the principal bioactive component, significantly reducing lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.Conclusion: This integrative study demonstrates that SCH protects against NAFLD by lowering triglycerides, remodeling the gut–liver axis, and reprogramming hepatic lipid metabolism. The BuOH fraction constitutes the main active component, supporting SCH as a promising multi-target candidate for NAFLD therapy.
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 416
·期 19
·4275-4288
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IF 3.8
Fan Yuting,Wang Aimin,Liu Zhiqiang,Xing Junpeng,Zheng Zhong,Song Fengrui,Hou Zong,Liu Shu
Radix ginseng and Schisandra chinensis have been extensively documented in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for their potential efficacy in treating dementia. However, the precise mechanism of their therapeutic effects remains to be fully elucidated. In this study, air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI) and network pharmacology are used to investigate the pharmacodynamics and mechanism underlying the herbal combination consisting of Radix ginseng-Schisandra chinensis (RS) in a rodent model for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Brain histopathological findings suggested that RS attenuates hippocampal damage in AD mice, making this combination a potential AD treatment. Twenty-eight biomarkers were identified by spatial metabolomics analysis, which are intricately linked to neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter imbalance, energy deficiency, oxidative stress, and aberrant fatty acid metabolism in AD. The total extract of RS (TE) affected 22 of these biomarkers, with the small molecule components of RS (SN) significantly influencing 19 and the large molecule components of RS (PR) impacting 14. Nine small molecule components are likely to dominate the pharmacodynamics of RS. We constructed a target interaction network based on the corresponding bioactivities that revealed relationships amongst 11 key biomarkers, 8 active ingredients and 12 critical targets. This research illustrates the immense potential of spatial metabolomics and network pharmacology in the study of TCM, revealing the targets and mechanisms underlying herbal formulas. Graphical abstract
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JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
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2022
·Vol. 45
·期 23
·4198-4208
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IF 3.614
Fu-Qin He,Guang-Zhen Wan,Juan Chen
As a traditional Chinese medicine, Schisandra chinensis has a potential weight-loss effect by delaying carbohydrate absorption and improving lipid metabolic disorders. However, its active components are still unclear and require in-depth research. In this study, the active components of Schisandra chinensis responsible for pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity were screened and identified based on a spectrum-effect relationship study in combination with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints of 17 batches of Schisandra chinensis were established, and 14 common peaks were specified by similarity analysis. The half-maximal inhibition concentration values for pancreatic lipase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition were separately measured by enzymatic reactions. Using multivariate statistical methods including principal component analysis, partial least square analysis, and grey relational analysis, the correlation models between the peak areas of 14 common peaks and half-maximal inhibition concentration values were constructed, and the chromatographic peaks making a great contribution to efficacy were screened out. Peak1, Peak2, Peak4, Peak6, Peak9, Peak10, Peak11, and Peak13 were responsible for alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while Peak1, Peak4, Peak6, Peak9, Peak10, and Peak11 for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. Finally, the 70% ethanol extracts of Schisandra chinensis were characterized by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and 14 lignans were identified to further elucidate the active constituents of Schisandra chinensis . The positive results suggested the proposed strategy is simple and effective to screen active components from complex medicinal plants.
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JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
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2020
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IF 3.004
Fen Wei,Xiaoshuang He,Ke Xu,Sicen Wang
Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is effective and widely used in drug screening, especially for the analysis of complex matrixes. However, it is time-consuming and costly given that cells or animals are employed for activity confirmation, which leads to a large amount of waste being produced if the result is negative. Stepwise frontal analysis is employed to saturate the affinity stationary phase, by using a series of low- to high-concentration solutions which resultantly form a staircase pattern. In doing so, the waste of samples, caused by the balancing process, can be avoided. In this study, stepwise frontal analysis coupled with a CMC system was performed for screening and characterizing the affinity of an active compound from wuweizi. Schizandrin A was screened and identified by α 1A AR /CMC coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS. By comparing the values obtained with those related to the equilibrium dissociation constant (K d ) calculated by zonal elution, the accuracy of the stepwise frontal analysis was verified. Subsequently, the type of affinity force between Schizandrin A and α 1A AR was studied by thermodynamic parameters. Moreover, schizandrin A showed an antagonistic effect on phenylephrine-induced contractions, which relax prostate muscle strips in a non-competitive antagonism manner. It has already suggested that the active compound, schizandrin A, could be used as a lead compound for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and should be further studied. Thus, the findings of this study are significant given that they could result in an online screening and affinity analysis method being utilized for the discovery of medicinal compounds as well as clarify the interaction characteristics between a drug and a receptor.
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JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
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2025
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IF 3.5
Xinyuan Cui,Zhaoqi Ding,Yujie Ji,Xinyi Wang,Yibing Wang,Zeyang Yuan,Yichun Zhang,Kai Liu,Yuanyuan Liu
BACKGROUND Polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (SPJ) can attenuate the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by regulating changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites, but the mechanism of action is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-AD effects and regulatory mechanisms of SPJ in an Aβ 25–35 -induced AD model from the perspective of the ‘microbe–gut–brain’ axis. RESULTS The results showed that SPJ improved spatial learning memory ability, pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and intestinal barrier integrity, and modulated the composition and abundance of gut microbiota in AD rats. Meanwhile, SPJ also regulated phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, phenylalanine, and arachidonic acid metabolism in AD rats. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed a correlation between gut microbes and metabolites. CONCLUSION In short, via the ‘microbe–gut–brain’ axis, SPJ ameliorates cognitive deficits, spatial memory loss, and neuroinflammation in AD rats. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2023
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IF 4.4
Chang Liu,Shuo Liu,Zengyuan Cao,Dajun He,Dongyu Gu,Jing Tian,Yi Yang
α-Amylase inhibitors constitute a category of compounds capable of diminishing α-amylase activity and hold significant promise for the development of novel drugs. This study focused on assessing the potential of Schisandra chinensis Baill extract to inhibit α-amylase. However, sieving and segregating inhibitors from intricate mixtures presents an obstacle. Consequently, this study devised and refined a methodology centered on immobilized α-amylase to identify and isolate natural inhibitors from S. chinensis . The immobilized α-amylase, featuring a load capacity of 254.18 ± 1.20 μg/mg and a specific activity of 2.69 ± 0.01 U/mg, was achieved through meticulous optimization of preparation conditions. Subsequently, this immobilized enzyme was used to isolate bioactive compounds from S. chinensis extract. The results revealed the presence of an active compound with an IC 50 of 324.12 ± 11.23 μg/mL. This compound was isolated via magnetic immobilized enzyme-based ligand fishing, employing high-speed countercurrent chromatography , and was conclusively identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The molecular docking analyses revealed its ability to interact with the active pocket of α-amylase through multiple hydrogen bonds .
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FITOTERAPIA
·
2024
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IF 2.5
Liwenyu Chen,Yi Yu,Min Lin,Ming Liang,Chen Yang,Xutian Kan,Xiaoliang Lin,Jin Qi
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill, a traditional Chinese medicine with significant nourishing functions, has a regulatory effect on the cardiovascular system, digestive system, central nervous system, and endocrine and immune systems. It can protect the cardiovascular system, improve immunity, and has anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties. This study aimed to identify the chisandra chinensis components that increased NAD+ levels, by using spectrum-effect analysis and experimental validations. First, the quality of the S. chinensis extract was analyzed by HPLC-MS. The extract of S. chinensis increased the NAD+ levels of HUVECs during oxygen and glucose deprivation injury, and protected HUVEC s from injury from superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aging. The relationships of spectral effects were studied by partial least square regression. Coupled with target cell extraction, the material basis for increasing NAD+ levels in S. chinensis was obtained. The pharmacological activity of S. chinensis was verified at the cellular level. The related enzymes of the NAD+ synthesis and decomposition pathways were identified, showing that S. chinensis increased the level of NAD+ by increasing the activity of related enzymes in the synthesis pathways of NMNAT1, NMNAT2, NMNAT3, and NAMPT, but had no effect on the decomposition pathway. Finally, four constituents were confirmed, in vitro, to be the basis of S. chinensis -induced increases in the levels of NAD+. The EC 50 values of the four constituents were also determined.
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