Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
He Kuanchang,Li Wei,Ma Jinxing,Cui Jianghu,Kang Yuan,Yang Kui,Liu Qian,Zhang Min,Lv Sihao,Cheng Faliang,Xing Defeng
Electrosynthesis of bulk chemicals such as active chlorine depends on the most reactive crystal facets, yet these facets are often thermodynamically disfavored during crystal growth. Here, we present a faceting strategy that integrates 3D printing with electric field inducement to reorient triclinic Ti 4 O 7 , realizing a dominant facet transition from (1 − 2 0) to high-energy (0 2 − 2) by storing and releasing strain energy to promote the preferential growth of crystal. Such transition trigger active site switching from O on pristine (1 − 2 0) facet to Ti on the reoriented (0 2 − 2) facet, greatly boosting the active chlorine generation rate to a comparable level (0.19 mg·min −1 ·cm −2 ) to benchmark dimensionally-stable anodes while suppressing parasitic water activation. A flow-by reactor reaches high active chlorine generation rates of 0.33–0.35 mg·min −1 ·cm −2 within 2.9–8.9 s, outperforming industrial dimensionally-stable anodes. This strain-induced faceting approach establishes a general paradigm for controllable crystal reorientation and underscores the potential of 3D printing to expand facet engineering for advanced catalytic systems.
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高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
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2023
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IF 8.8
Huiji Xiao,Yongjie Hao,Jingli Wu,Xianzhe Meng,Fei Feng,Fengqi Xu,Siyi Luo,Bo Jiang
Recently, there are still some controversial mechanisms of the 3D electrocatalytic oxidation system, which would probably confound its industrial application. From the conventional viewpoint, the Ti 4 O 7 material may be the desired particle electrodes in the 3D system since its high oxygen evolution potential favors the production of • OH via H 2 O splitting reaction at the anode side of Ti 4 O 7 particle electrodes. In fact, the incorporation of Ti 4 O 7 particles showed phenol degradation of 88% and COD removal of 51% within 120 min, under the optimum conditions at energy consumption of 0.668 kWh g −1 COD, the performance of which was much lower than those in many previous literatures. In contrast, the prepared carbon black-polytetrafluoroethylene composite (CB-PTFE) particles with abundant oxygen-containing functional groups could yield considerable amounts of H 2 O 2 (200 mg L −1 ) in the 3D reactor and achieved a complete degradation of phenol and COD removal of 80% in the presence of Fe 2+ , accompanying a low energy consumption of only 0.080 kWh g −1 COD. It was estimated that only 20% of Ti 4 O 7 particles near the anode attained the potential over 2.73 V/SCE at 30 mA cm −2 based on the potential test and simulation, responsible for the low yield of • OH via the H 2 O splitting on Ti 4 O 7 (1.74 × 10 −14 M), and the main role of Ti 4 O 7 particle electrodes in phenol degradation was through direct oxidation. For the CB-PTFE-based 3D system, current density of 10 mA cm −2 was sufficient for all the CB-PTFE particles to attain cathodic potential of −0.67 V/SCE, conducive to the high yield of H 2 O 2 and • OH (9.11 × 10 −14 M) in the presence of Fe 2+ , and the • OH-mediated indirect oxidation was mainly responsible for the phenol degradation. Generally, this study can provide a deep insight into the 3D electrocatalytic oxidation technology and help to develop the high-efficiency and cost-efficient 3D technologies for industrial application.
研究领域:
环境科学
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电化学工程
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JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
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2025
·Vol. 46
·期 5
·118045
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IF 6.2
Xinwei Geng,Yongfeng Xia,Ming Zhu,Jun Zhao,Dongxu Yao,Yu-Ping Zeng
While the high-temperature oxidation behavior of ceramics has attracted widespread attention, the oxidation behavior of suboxide ceramics is rarely studied, which is essential for promoting broader application of suboxide ceramics. Herein, the high-temperature oxidation behavior of dense polycrystalline Ti 4 O 7 ceramics was investigated in air at 600–1000 °C (873–1273 K). The results reveal that oxidation has a significant impact on the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical and electrical properties of ceramics. Notably, oxidation at 800 °C for 3 h leads to more than a 60 % increase in flexural strength. The oxidation of Ti 4 O 7 ceramics follows a parabolic law, with a calculated apparent activation energy of 235.60 kJ/mol. Validation experiments involving the introduction of Ta 2 O 5 second phase further support the proposed oxidation mechanism, which is governed by the outward diffusion of interstitial titanium. This study provides both a reference for understanding the oxidation behavior and resistance of titanium suboxide ceramics and new insights into mass transport mechanisms in similar materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷
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高温氧化
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固态离子学
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 12.2
Weiting He,Xin Wang,Zishao Li,Daoyuan Zu,Kuanchang He,Kui Yang,Wei Li,Cheng Chao Li,Jinxing Ma
Electrochemical dehalogenation is a promising approach for removing persistent halogenated organic pollutants from water, but its practical application is often constrained by limited mass transfer and high energy demand in conventional batch reactors. Here, we report a self-separating flow cathode system using Pd-loaded Ti4O7 microparticles (Pd/Ti4O7), integrated with a porous Ti filter that enables in situ particle retention and recycling. With an optimized Pd loading of 0.5 wt %, the system achieved 93- and 13-fold faster diclofenac (DCF) dechlorination than systems without Pd/Ti4O7 and with Ti4O7 alone, respectively, while significantly reducing predicted biotoxicity. Efficient dehalogenation was further demonstrated for multiple chlorinated organic pollutants. Direct electron transfer (DET), rather than atomic hydrogen-mediated reduction, dominates the dehalogenation pathway, which confers strong resistance to common water matrix interferences. A single-pass system removed 99% of DCF from municipal wastewater within 7 min at an energy cost of 0.26 kWh·m–3, comparable to or lower than state-of-the-art technologies. Collectively, these results establish Pd/Ti4O7 self-separating flow cathodes as a robust and scalable platform for electrochemical dehalogenation, while highlighting remaining challenges related to material cost and life-cycle impacts.
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高影响因子
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 3.3
Xinwei Geng,Yongfeng Xia,Ming Zhu,Jun Zhao,Dongxu Yao,Yu-Ping Zeng
Ti 4 O 7 is one of the most promising electrically functional materials among the Magnéli phase. To further broaden its applications in areas such as battery electrodes and pollutant treatment, extensive research has been conducted to optimize its mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, Ti 4 O 7 ceramics, as well as Al 2 O 3 and Ta 2 O 5 -doped Ti 4 O 7 ceramics, are fabricated via hot-press sintering using a solid-state method. While the introduction of secondary phases did not result in a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of Ti 4 O 7 ceramics, the effectiveness of Al–Ta co-doping in enhancing electrical conductivity is validated through three commonly used measurement techniques: the Van der Pauw method, the two-probe method, and the four-probe method, yielding conductivity increases of 46.20, 1.98, and 17.98%, respectively. Detailed electrical characterization further elucidated the electrical features of polycrystalline Ti 4 O 7 ceramics and effect of doping. Furthermore, the reaction between Ti 4 O 7 and Ta 2 O 5 , leading to the formation of the ternary oxide TiTaO 4 , is observed.
研究领域:
材料科学
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陶瓷材料
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电气工程
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固态物理
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机械工程
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2022
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IF 9.136
Lele Cui,Yangyang Zhang,Keyou He,Mingming Sun,Zhenghua Zhang
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are regarded as a promising technology for the treatment of landfill leachate containing high concentrations of humic acid (HA). Herein, a Ti 4 O 7 -based porous reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) system was developed and explored for the rapid and effective removal of HA. The relationship between the electrolyte medium (Na 2 SO 4 or NaCl) and the adsorption/oxidation capacity of the REM system for HA removal was comparatively studied under different ionic strengths. An unprecedented trade-off phenomenon was revealed between the electrosorption and electrooxidation induced by chloride ions. On one hand, the pH value of the aqueous solution increased due to the loss of Cl − (NaCl → NaOH) during the electrolysis process in the NaCl medium, which weakened the electrosorption ability of REM on HA and further led to deterioration of the effluent quality. On the other hand, the introduction of chlorine significantly strengthened the mineralization performance of HA adsorbed on the anode surface because the anode enabled the oxidation of Cl − into powerful active chlorine species. Current density, membrane permeability, solution pH, and initial HA concentration were identified as the key parameters affecting the overall degradation performance. The active radicals ( Cl and OH) involved in the REM system were systematically studied and generation pathways were proposed accordingly. This study facilitates understanding of the surface catalytic behavior of the Ti 4 O 7 REM in a NaCl medium and confirms that this is a powerful and efficient technology for HA removal.
研究领域:
环境科学
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水处理技术
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2022
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IF 9.136
Wenwei Feng,Hui Lin,Andac Armutlulu,Jie Chen,Rui Liu,Ruzhen Xie,Bo Lai
A novel eco-friendly vanadium-mediated Magnéli phase titanium suboxide (V@Ti 4 O 7 ) was fabricated via ball-milling-vacuum sintering method. The presence of V improved the stability and electrochemical performance of Ti 4 O 7 , which significantly promoted the activation of persulfate (PS) for superior degradation of organic pollutant ciprofloxacin (CIP). The results show that V doping significantly facilitated the electron transfer process and enhanced the oxygen evolution potential. The redox cycle of V 3+ /V 4+ and V 4+ /V 5+ endows the electrode with high stability and enriched catalytic active sites for PS activation , which allows for 89.11% CIP removal after the 8 th reuse. Scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results revealed the contribution of reactive oxidant species (i.e., SO 4 − , OH and 1 O 2 ) for efficient CIP degradation in the E-V@Ti 4 O 7 -PS system, in which, OH was the dominant reactive species accounting for 53.09 % of CIP removal, resulting in efficient CIP mineralization (TOC > 86.51%). The results of this study provide a better understanding of the relationship between the nature of anode and electro-activation of PS, which can facilitate the electrode design and optimization of E-PS reactors.
研究领域:
环境科学
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电化学工程
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 9.9
Yang Li,Yuchang Qing,Haoyang Yao,Hailong Xu,Hongjing Wu
High-performance microwave absorption coatings are critically required in the stealth defense system of military platforms. Regrettably, just optimizing the property but neglecting the application feasibility seriously inhibits its practical application in the field of microwave absorption. To face this challenge, the Ti 4 O 7 /carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Al 2 O 3 coatings were successfully fabricated by a plasma-sprayed method. For the different oxygen vacancy-induced Ti 4 O 7 coatings, the enhanced ε' and ε'' values in the frequency of X-band is due to the synergistic manipulation of conductive path, defects and interfacial polarization. The optimal reflection loss of Ti 4 O 7 /CNTs/Al 2 O 3 sample (0 wt% CNTs) is −55.7 dB (8.9 GHz of 2.41 mm), while the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of Ti 4 O 7 /CNTs/Al 2 O 3 sample (5 wt% CNTs) increases to 20.5 dB as the enhanced electrical conductivity. In special, the flexural strength of Ti 4 O 7 /CNTs/Al 2 O 3 coatings first increases from 48.59 MPa (0 wt% CNTs) to 67.13 MPa (2.5 wt% CNTs) and then decreases to 38.31 MPa (5 wt% CNTs), demonstrating that an appropriate amount of CNTs evenly dispersed in the Ti 4 O 7 /Al 2 O 3 ceramic matrix can effectively play the role of CNTs as the strengthening phase of the coatings. This research will provide a strategy by tailoring synergistic effect of dielectric loss and conduction loss for oxygen vacancy-mediated Ti 4 O 7 material to broaden the application of absorbing or shielding ceramic coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2024
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IF 8.1
Yujie Xie,Bianyong Lian,Shuqi Deng,Qingqu Lin,Kaili Wang,Yun Zheng,Zewen Zhuang,Yao Liu,Kaian Sun,Wei Yan,Jiujun Zhang
CO and H 2 S poisoning of Pt-based catalysts for hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) stands as one of the long-standing hindrances to the widespread commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this paper, a Ru/Ti 4 O 7 catalyst is successfully synthesized by the microwave-thermal method. This Ru/Ti 4 O 7 catalyst shows a much higher noble metal mass activity than those of commercial PtRu/C and conventional Ru/C catalysts. The performance of the Ru/Ti 4 O 7 catalyst under the exist of CO or H 2 S shows insignificant current decay, which is far superior to commercial PtRu/C and Pt/C catalysts. In this Ru/Ti 4 O 7 catalyst, the electron transfer between Ru and Ti to form d-p orbital hybridization is considered to be responsible for the favorable catalytic HOR performance and the corresponding CO and H 2 S tolerance. The interaction mechanism formed by electron transfer may open a promising way for the subsequent development of anti-poisoning catalysts for PEM fuel cell hydrogen oxidation reaction.
研究领域:
能源材料
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催化化学
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 4.7
Zahid Hussain,Sehrish Nawaz,Zohaib Rana,Wenyu Jia,Muhammad Umer Rafique,Amjad Nisar,Yongmei Chen,Guolei Xiang
Ensuring efficient noble metal utilization while maintaining rapid electron transport and long-term durability remains a central challenge in the acidic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report a platinum catalyst supported on Magneli phase Ti4O7, a conductive oxide obtained via the hydrogen reduction of TiO2(B), in which the support plays an active electronic role rather than serving as an inert scaffold. Electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses reveal that the mixed Ti3+/Ti4+ valence states and high electrical conductivity of Ti4O7 enable strong electronic coupling with Pt, leading to reduced charge-transfer resistance and more favorable hydrogen adsorption kinetics. As a result, the optimized 3 wt % Pt/Ti4O7 catalyst achieves an overpotential of 13 mV at 10 mA cm–2 with sustained activity over 100 h in 0.5 M H2SO4. These findings demonstrate that conductive oxide supports can actively regulate interfacial electron transfer and reaction kinetics, offering a viable strategy for low noble metal loading and high-performance HER catalysts.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2026
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IF 9.2
Jinting Zou,Xiaohan Li,Yiqing Lv,Jinyan Yu,Ji Yang,Limei Cao
An N 2 -sintered Ti 4 O 7 @Ti cathode achieved >74% Hg 2+ removal in 5 h. • The Ti 4 O 7 @Ti cathode showed preliminary reuse performance in 10%H 2 SO 4 . • Ti 3+ /oxygen vacancies facilitate electron transfer and surface ·H formation. •Direct electron transfer dominated Hg 2+ removal, ·H played a secondary role. Highly toxic and bio-accumulative Hg 2+ can be electrochemically reduced to recoverable Hg 0 . However, preserving electrode integrity and corrosion resistance in strongly acidic media remains challenging. Magnéli-phase Ti 4 O 7 -coated electrodes were fabricated on Ti substrates. The optimized Ti 4 O 7 @Ti cathode, prepared by N 2 -protected sintering, preserved Ti 3+ species and oxygen vacancies, exhibiting a low charge-transfer resistance of 24.25 Ω and a high hydrogen evolution over-potential of −0.94 V vs. RHE. Under optimal conditions (3 V, 25 mm electrode spacing, 300 r·min −1 stirring), the cathode achieved >74.0% Hg 2+ removal within 5 h. Mechanistic analysis suggested that direct electron transfer was the primary Hg 2+ reduction pathway, with active hydrogen species as a secondary contributor. Detected Ti 3+ /oxygen vacancies may enhance interfacial electron transfer and surface active hydrogen generation. The electrode retains 68.0% removal after five cycles in 10%H 2 SO 4 . This work provides a stable Ti 4 O 7 -based cathode design for electrochemical Hg 2+ removal in strongly acidic media. Download: Download high-res image (294KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
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2025
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IF 2.5
Xu Yang,Hu Changyi,Zhou Shenggang,Han Zhaohui,Chen Binbin,Xiao Bei
Anode material is critical for zinc electrowinning, and the selection and preparation of electrode materials are a focal point in hydrometallurgical research. In the present work, an Al/TiB 2 -Ti 4 O 7 /PbO 2 composite anode was fabricated through a combination of plasma spraying and electrodeposition. The morphology and structure of the TiB 2 -Ti 4 O 7 middle layer and PbO 2 active layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. Linear sweep voltammetry, Tafel polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to analyze the catalytic activity and corrosion resistance of the composite anode. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the electric field distribution of each element in the electrowinning cell. The results demonstrated that a dense and uniform layered structure, along with robust interfacial bonding, was essential for minimizing the interface resistivity and enhancing the corrosion resistance of the Al/TiB 2 -Ti 4 O 7 matrix. The coating optimized at a current of 630 A exhibited superior conductivity and corrosion resistance, with excellent conductivity and current uniformity reducing the internal transmission resistance. In addition, it was observed that a low current density was not favorable for grain nucleation and deposition, whereas a high current density led to structural looseness and high inner stress. The electrochemical behavior of the Al/TiB 2 -Ti 4 O 7 /PbO 2 composite anode was better than that of the Pb-Ag anode, offering lower cell voltage, higher current efficiency, and lower power consumption under identical zinc electrowinning conditions. The electric field analysis indicated that the composite anode provided a more uniform distribution of electric flux line and current density, more negative cathodic overpotential, and a higher zinc deposition rate than the Pb-Ag anode. Graphical
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