Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2022
·
IF 6.064
Zheng Fengzhen,Basit Abdul,Zhuang Huan,Chen Jun,Zhang Jianfen,Chen Weiqing
Acidophilic β-xylanases have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent activity under extreme acidic environments and potential industrial utilizations. In this study, a novel β-xylanase gene (Xyl11) of glycoside hydrolase family 11, was cloned from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 and efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 2.0-fold increase). Xyl11 displayed a maximum activity of 121.99 U/ml at pH 3.0 and 50°C, and exhibited strict substrate specificity toward beechwood xylan (Km = 9.06 mg/ml, Vmax = 608.65 μmol/min/mg). The Xyl11 retained over 80% activity at pH 2.0–5.0 after pretreatment at 4°C for 1 h. Analysis of the hydrolytic pattern revealed that Xyl11 could rapidly convert xylan to xylobiose via hydrolysis activity as well as transglycosylation. Moreover, the results of site-directed mutagenesis suggested that the Xyl11 residues, Glu127, Glu164, and Glu216, are essential catalytic sites, with Asp138 having an auxiliary function. Additionally, a high degree of synergy (15.02) was observed when Xyl11 was used in association with commercial β-xylosidase. This study provided a novel acidophilic β-xylanase that exhibits excellent characteristics and can, therefore, be considered a suitable candidate for extensive applications, especially in food and animal feed industries.
研究领域:
酶学
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生物技术
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微生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Zheng Fengzhen,Basit Abdul,Wang Jiaqiang,Zhuang Huan,Chen Jun,Zhang Jianfen
In this study, an acidophilic GH5 β-mannanase (TaMan5) from Trichoderma asperellum ND-1 was efficiently expressed in Pichia pastoris (a 2.0-fold increase, 67.5 ± 1.95 U/mL). TaMan5 displayed the highest specificity toward locust bean gum (Km = 1.34 mg/mL, Vmax = 749.14 μmol/min/mg) at pH 4.0 and 65°C. Furthermore, TaMan5 displayed remarkable tolerance to acidic environments, retaining over 80% of its original activity at pH 3.0–5.0. The activity of TaMan5 was remarkably decreased by Cu2+, Mn2+, and SDS, while Fe2+/Fe3+ improved the enzyme activity. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis of the action model showed that TaMan5 could rapidly degrade mannan/MOS into mannobiose without mannose via hydrolysis action as well as transglycosylation. Site-directed mutagenesis results suggested that Glu205, Glu313, and Asp357 of TaMan5 are crucial catalytic residues, with Asp152 playing an auxiliary function. Additionally, TaMan5 and commercial α-galactosidase displayed a remarkable synergistic effect on the degradation of galactomannans. This study provided a novel β-mannanase with ideal characteristics and can be considered a potential candidate for the production of bioactive polysaccharide mannobiose.
研究领域:
生物化学
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酶学
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生物技术
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
·
2021
·Vol. 103
·期 2
·549-561
·
IF 1.729
Win Theint Theint,Bo Bo,Malec Przemyslaw,Khan Sikandar,Fu Pengcheng
Trichoderma sp. was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of a healthy banana plant grown in a Panama disease-contaminated field (suppressive soil). The selected strain, identified as Trichoderma asperellum , exhibited antifungal activity against four species of phytopathogenic fungi from the Fusarium genus ( F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. tricinctum, F. cantenulatum ). Antagonism related mechanisms associated with the T. asperellum isolate against four fungal phytopathogens were studied in vitro both indirectly by the observation of growth competition and directly by antibiosis and mycoparasitism . It was shown that T. asperellum could suppress growth of phytopathogens in the range of 65–74%, as well as inhibits spore germination by 30- 75%. Moreover, T. asperellum was demonstrated to secrete mycolytic enzymes (chitinase and β-1,3, glucanase), which are potentially able to degrade cell walls of the phytopathogens. The observed accumulation of respective transcripts and enzymatic activities of both chitinase and β-1,3, glucanase were remarkably higher in pathogen-induced cultures. The reduction of disease severity by 70% was observed in pot cultures of banana plantlets infected previously with F. oxysporum after 9 weeks of treatment with T. asperellum. Our findings demonstrate that T. asperellum as originated from banana wilt-contaminated plantations express anti-pathogenic effects based on various modes of action, including competitiveness, antibiosis, and mycoparasitism and might be potentially used as a biological control agent to cope with diseases caused by a broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi of Fusarium genus.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
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生物防治
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION
·
2017
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IF 2.962
Zhuowei Cheng,Chao Li,Christian Kennes,Jiexu Ye,Dongzhi Chen,Shihan Zhang,Jianmeng Chen,Jianming Yu
A defined consortium of Ralstonia pickettii L2 (bacterium) and Trichoderma viride LW-1 (fungus) was selected to assess its potential for the enhanced biodegradation of mono-chlorobenzene (CB). At an initial concentration of 220 mg L −1 CB, the developed consortium showed an enhanced degradation rate of 0.50 mg CB·g −1 protein ·h −1 , while the individual Ralstonia sp. L2 and Trichoderma sp. LW-1 showed average degradation rates of 0.34 and 0.32 mg CB·g −1 protein ·h −1 , respectively. A CO 2 conversion level of up to 86.3% reflected a possible high mineralization extent of CB by the co-culture. The estimated μ max and v max values were 0.36 h −1 and 0.41 h −1 for the consortium, which were much higher than the values obtained by each strain individually. 2-Chlorophenol (2-CP) accumulated in the growth medium of strain L2 and inhibited its growth, but it could be consumed quickly by the fungus LW-1, providing a possibility to reach complete biodegradation of CB in a short time. Real-time PCR revealed that bacterium L2 played a major role in the initial stage, and that fungus LW-1 grew well if 2-CP was generated. These results suggest that the fungal-bacterial consortium might be effectively applied for complete biodegradation of CB and have a potential environmental implication in purification of CB-contaminated environments.
研究领域:
环境科学
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微生物学
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高影响因子
Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
·
2023
·
IF 4.6
Pan TANG,Dan HUANG,Kai-Xuan ZHENG,Dan HU,Ping DAI,Chuan-Hui LI,Sheng-Ying QIN,Guo-Dong CHEN,Xin-Sheng YAO,Hao GAO
From the fungus Trichoderma sp . , we isolated seven novel 18-residue peptaibols, neoatroviridins E-K ( 1−7 ), and six new 14-residue peptaibols, harzianins NPDG J-O ( 8−13 ). Additionally, four previously characterized 18-residue peptaibols neoatroviridins A-D ( 14−17 ) were also identified. The structural configurations of the newly identified peptaibols ( 1−13 ) were determined by comprehensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS/MS) data. Their absolute configurations were further determined using Marfey’s method. Notably, compounds 12 and 13 represent the first 14-residue peptaibols containing an acidic amino acid residue. In antimicrobial assessments, all 18-residue peptaibols ( 1 − 7 , 14 − 17 ) exhibited moderate inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus 209P, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 8−32 μg·mL −1 . Moreover, compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory effect on Candida albicans FIM709, with a MIC value of 16 μg·mL −1 .
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 22
·期 11
·4808-4824
·
IF 4.933
Guan Pang,Tingting Sun,Zhenzhong Yu,Tao Yuan,Wei Liu,Hong Zhu,Qi Gao,Dongqing Yang,Christian P. Kubicek,Jian Zhang,Qirong Shen
Summary Filamentous fungi are known as producers of a large array of diverse secondary metabolites (SMs) that aid in securing their environmental niche. Here, we demonstrated that the SMs have an additional role in fungal defence against other fungi: Trichoderma guizhouense , a mycoparasite, is able to antagonize Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4 (Foc4) by forming aerial hyphae that kill the host with hydrogen peroxide. At the same time, a gene cluster comprising two polyketide synthases is strongly expressed. Using functional genetics, we characterized this cluster and identified its products as azaphilones (termed as trigazaphilones). The trigazaphilones were found lacking of antifungal toxicity but exhibited high radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant property of trigazaphilones was in vivo functional under various tested conditions of oxidative stress. Thus, we conclude that the biosynthesis of trigazaphilones serves as a complementary antioxidant mechanism and defends T. guizhouense against the hydrogen peroxide that it produces to combat other fungi like Foc4.
研究领域:
真菌学
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生物化学
·
分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
BMC MICROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Kun Kong,Lijun Liu,Xueyan Bai,Mingwei Shao,Jiajia Lan,Hanxi Wu,Liping Jin,Jiaying Sun,Caiping Yin,Bo Kong,Xiaoying Zhang,Yinglao Zhang
Background: Insect gut fungi are increasingly recognized as specialized microbial reservoirs of bioactive compounds, yet the insect-associated microbes of Pantala flavescens larvae remain understudied. Results: In this study, the intestinal fungus Trichoderma sp. QTYC44, previously isolated from P. flavescens larvae, was further characterized and its antimicrobial metabolites were investigated. QTYC44 exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum with inhibition rates exceeding 80% and effectively suppressed cucumber wilt disease in a pot experiment, achieving 72.58% control efficacy. Chemical analysis of QTYC44 cultures led to the identification of 11 metabolites, including trichopyrone (1), bisvertinolone (2), vertinolide (3), (22E)-5a,8a-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3b-ol (4), dihydrobisvertinolone (5), trichodimerol (6), bisorbibutenolide (7), ergosterol (8), uracil (9), adenosine (10), and palmitic acid (11). Antibacterial tests showed that compound 2 exhibited strong activity against Micrococcus tetragenus, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, and X. oryzae pv. oryzae, with inhibition zone diameters of 26.8, 17.7, and 22.0 mm, respectively, which were comparable or better than those of positive gentamicin sulfate. Further, compound 2 significantly reduced symptoms of bacterial leaf blight, achieving a control efficacy of 74.9% at 500 ng/ml, demonstrating strong in vivo antibacterial activity comparable to positive kasugamycin. SEM analysis revealed that treatment with compound 2 induced perforations in cell envelopes of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. In addition, compound 2 significantly enhanced lettuce growth, increasing aerial fresh weight by 70.8%. Conclusion: The results indicate that QTYC44 exhibits significant antimicrobial activity and holds great promise as a natural source of bioactive compounds for agricultural applications.
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Phytochemistry Letters
·
2025
·
IF 1.4
Yan-Mei Wu,Jing-Ya Mo,Yong-Yan Mei,Quan Liu,Yuan-Yuan Huang,Bei Zhou,Yi-Hang Li,Yan-Chun Wu,Jing-Quan Yuan
Trichodones D-F ( 1 - 3 ), three previously undescribed polyketide compounds featuring conjugated α - β -unsaturated ketone moieties, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma protrudens associated with the semi-mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus Linn. The structural elucidation of these compounds was accomplished through the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, complemented by HR-ESI-MS data. The absolute configurations were determined through comparative analysis of experimental CD and calculated ECD spectra. Additionally, the cytotoxic activities of compounds 1 - 3 against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 were evaluated using the CCK8 assay. Notably, compound 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC 50 values of 22.7 μM and 55.1 μM, respectively.
研究领域:
药理学
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有机化学
·
肿瘤学
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DOI
高影响因子
ISME Journal
·
2025
·Vol. 20
·期 1
·
IF 10
Xie Jiyu,Sun Xinli,Wen Tao,Bai Yaoqiang,Qian Tong,Hu Shunjuan,Chen Lihao,Wang Pan,Miao Youzhi,Zhang Ruifu,Kovács Ákos T,Xu Zhihui,Shen Qirong
Bacteria-Fungi Interactions play a crucial role in soil nutrient cycling and plant disease suppression. Bacillus and Trichoderma exhibit antagonism when inoculated on laboratory media, global soil sample analysis reveals a positive correlation between these two genera in addition to enhanced plant-pathogen Fusarium oxysporum suppression and plant growth promotion. Here, we assess cross-kingdom interactions within artificial model communities of Bacillus velezensis and Trichoderma guizhouense. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that in the presence of fungi, the key stress sigma factor of B. velezensis activates expression of biosynthetic genes for antimicrobial secondary metabolite production. Among these, surfactin induces T22azaphilone production in T. guizhouense that hinders oxidative stress. Both surfactin and T22azaphilone contribute to Bacillus and Trichoderma maintenance in soil in the presence of F. oxysporum. Finally, F. oxysporum-secreted fusaric acid temporarily inhibits B. velezensis growth whereas it is efficiently degraded by T. guizhouense. These metabolite-mediated interactions reveal how competing soil microorganisms could form effective alliances that ultimately enhance plant protection against soil-borne pathogens.
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高影响因子
Journal of Fungi
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 7
·542
·
IF 4
Linhua Cao,Xiaoteng Shi,Tuo Li,Yang Liu,Tuokai Wang,Bozheng Lin,Dongyang Liu,Qirong Shen
Fusaric acid (FSA) is a mycotoxin produced by pathogenicFusariumspecies that inhibits the growth of various beneficial microbes. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by whichTrichoderma harzianumNJAU4742 (Th), a beneficial fungus, responds to FSA-induced stress. Here, by combining a transcriptome analysis, a gene knockout, and physiological data measurements, our study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the response ofTrichoderma harzianumNJAU4742 (Th) to FSA stress. The results showed that FSA can induce severe oxidative stress inTh, and an aldehyde dehydrogenase (Thaldh3) inThplays a critical role in alleviating FSA stress. DeletingThaldh3significantly decreased the γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) content, causing more severe oxidative damage inTh. Furthermore, we also provide evidence demonstrating thatThaldh3alleviates FSA stress by enhancing the activities of key enzymes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and ATP content. A pot experiment showed that an enhanced tolerance to FSA increased theThbiomass, strengthening its antagonistic capacity against pathogens and reducing the disease index in tomatoes. In conclusion, these observations provide new insight into the role of beneficial microbes in promoting plant health.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
植物病理学
·
生物化学与分子生物学
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环境微生物学
·
农业科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 46
·期 6
·809-818
·
IF 2.993
Bai Yunfan,Gao Yuran,Lu Xin,Wang Huiyu
The biological membrane lipid composition has been demonstrated to greatly influence the secretion of secondary metabolites. This study was conducted to investigate the periodical alterations of whole cellular lipids and their associations with secondary products in Trichoderma brevicompactum. An electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry-based lipidomics strategy was used to acquire the metabolic profiles of membrane lipids during fermentation. Univariate analyses showed that most fungi glycerophospholipids were significantly altered at the early phase compared with the late phase. In addition, correlation analyses showed high correlations between phosphatidylcholine alterations and fermentation duration. In addition, the fermentation-associated alterations of phosphatidylcholines were found to be in accordance with the degrees of unsaturation of acyl-chains. Harzianum A reached a maximum on the 12th day, while trichodermin and 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one showed the highest abundances on the 9th day, both of which were inclined to correlate with the alterations of phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the alterations of the membrane lipid species in Trichoderma spp. were associated with the fermentation phases and might influence the secretion of specific secondary products, which may be useful in studying the optimization of secondary products in Trichoderma spp.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
代谢组学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·
IF 3.571
Zhibo Hu,Yiwen Tao,Xingyu Tao,Qinhua Su,Jiachun Cai,Can Qin,Weijia Ding,Chunyuan Li
A new monosesquiterpene diacetylgliocladic acid (1), a new dimeric sesquiterpene divirensol H (9), and two exceptionally novel trimeric sesquiterpene trivirensols A and B (11 and 12), together with another eight known congeners, were purified from an endophytic fungus Trichoderma virens FY06, derived from Litchi chinensis Sonn. whose fruit is a delicious and popular food. All of them were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, combined with biosynthetic considerations. Trivirensols A and B are unprecedented trimers of which three subunits are connected by two ester bonds of the sesquiterpene class. Relative to the positive control triadimefon, all the tested metabolites showed strong inhibitory activities against at least one phytopathogenic fungus among Penicillium italicum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium graminearum, Colletotrichum musae, and Colletotrictum gloeosporioides. Notably, as metabolites of the endophytic fungus from L. chinensis, they all presented strong antifungal activities against C. gloeosporioides which causes anthracnose in L. chinensis.
研究领域:
植物化学
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微生物学
·
药物化学
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PubMed
高影响因子
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