Scientific Reports
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2016
·Vol. 6
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 5.228
Qian Jingwen,Peng Zhijian,Shen Zhenguang,Zhao Zengying,Zhang Guoliang,Fu Xiuli
Resistivity-type humidity sensors have been investigated with great interest due to the increasing demands in industry, agriculture and daily life. To date, most of the available humidity sensors have been fabricated based on negative humidity impedance, in which the electrical resistance decreases as the humidity increases, and only several carbon composites have been reported to present positive humidity impedance. However, here we fabricate positive impedance humidity sensors only via single-component WO 3−x crystals. The resistance of WO 3−x crystal sensors in response to relative humidity could be tuned from a negative to positive one by increasing the compositional x. And it was revealed that the positive humidity impedance was driven by the defects of oxygen vacancy. This result will extend the application field of humidity sensors, because the positive humidity impedance sensors would be more energy-efficient, easier to be miniaturized and electrically safer than their negative counterparts for their lower operation voltages. And we believe that constructing vacancies in semiconducting materials is a universal way to fabricate positive impedance humidity sensors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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传感器技术
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 9.9
Ying Zhang,Tongxin Xu,Yabing Shang,Guoxin Zhang,Zi-Feng Yan
Nitrate synthesis via the electrochemical nitrogen oxidation reaction (e-NOR) is widely recognized as a potential alternative to the energy-intensive Ostwald process. However, electrocatalysts with strong N 2 adsorption and activation abilities remain largely undeveloped due to kinetic hindrances caused by the high bond energy of N N. Here we designed a hollow WO 3 sphere with an optimal concentration of oxygen vacancies and studied its e-NOR performance. The optimally synthesized oxygen-deficient WO 3 (WO 3-x ) achieved a high nitrate yield of 311.15 µmol h −1 g cat . - 1 and a Faraday efficiency of 2.00 %, which is probably due to the presence of a moderate amount of oxygen vacancies on the WO 3-x surface and the hollow spherical structure, which further improves the accessibility of the inner active surface. Our work could potentially stimulate research into transition metal oxide-based materials for e-NOR applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Pu Chen,Dong Li,Yuan Feng,Shijie Zhou,Jing Tang,Bowen Chu,Dongsheng Tang,Jiawen Hu
A flexible Ag NWs/WO 3- x /Au memristor is successfully fabricated. • The device achieves an ultra-low energy consumption of 3.89 fJ per pulse. • The device achieves a competitive ECG recognition accuracy of 94.3%. • The device exhibits robust mechanical flexibility. The simultaneous achievement of high mechanical flexibility, ultra-low energy consumption, and high recognition accuracy remains a major challenge for wearable intelligent devices. Here, we report a flexible memristive device capable of emulating biological synaptic functions, fabricated with a spin-coated flexible Ag nanowire (NW) bottom electrode, an electrodeposited conformal WO 3- x coating as the functional layer, and an evaporation-defined Au top electrode. With a stacked Ag NWs/WO 3- x /Au architecture and strong interfacial bonding from the conformal coating, the device exhibits robust mechanical flexibility and cycling stability. Notably, the device achieves an ultra-low average energy consumption of merely 3.89 fJ per spike, attributed to the electrodeposition process that generates abundant short-range continuous oxygen vacancies, which shorten the ion migration path and lower the diffusion barrier, thereby enabling conductive filament formation at low voltages. When applied to electrocardiogram (ECG) signal recognition, the device achieves an accuracy of 94.3%, with negligible performance degradation after 2000 bending cycles, underscoring its robust flexibility. These advantages position this memristor as a promising building block for wearable ECG monitoring systems. Download: Download high-res image (221KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Shujing Yu,Qiaoqi Guo,Xinyan Feng,Ruya Chen,Huajun Feng,Yingfeng Xu
Conventional photocatalysts face limitations in solar energy absorption and photocatalytic efficiency, hindering their practical applications in energy conversion and environmental remediation. Given that heat is a general promoter of catalytic reaction activity, we here developed hydrogenated hollow mesoporous WO3 spheres (WO3–x) as dual-functional photocatalysts. They can utilize ultraviolet–visible light for direct photocatalysis, while simultaneously harnessing the remaining near-infrared portion of the solar spectrum to achieve photothermal enhancement. Due to the photothermally improved activation of reactants and accelerated reaction kinetics, the developed WO3–x exhibited a 3-fold increase in CH4 production with 96% selectivity in CO2 photoreduction and a 10-fold enhancement in toluene degradation under full-spectrum irradiation, compared to pristine WO3. Moreover, even after 100 days of storage in air, WO3–x retained its excellent near-infrared photothermal conversion ability and sustained enhancement of reaction activity. These findings highlight the significant potential of photothermal catalysis for efficient solar energy utilization, further driving the development of near-infrared photothermal conversion materials and their application in sustainable energy conversion and environmental remediation.
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Nano-Micro Letters
·
2020
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 12.264
Wu Wenting,Fang Huajing,Ma Hailong,Wu Liangliang,Zhang Wenqing,Wang Hong
MXene/WO 3− x composite film with excellent electrochromic performances was fabricated for the first time.
The addition of MXene is an effective strategy for simultaneously enhancing electron and ion transport behaviors in the electrochromic layer.
The kinetics of ion diffusion in electrochromic devices are studied in depth based on both experiment and simulation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2025
·
IF 8.2
Zheng Lv,Zonghan Guo,Dan Li,Haipeng Jiang,Fengyou Wang,Lin Fan,Maobin Wei,Lili Yang
To broaden the light-harvesting spectrum of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), WO3-X @CdS heterojunctions have been synthesized by in situ growing CdS nanoparticles on WO3-X nanorods rich in oxygen vacancies. After introducing them into perovskite layers by the antisolvent method, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of WO3-X@CdS extends photon absorption into the near-infrared region, while both lattice match and its coordination with iodide ions facilitate uniform nucleation and crystallization process to obtain high-quality perovskite films. Moreover, this dual-functional material simultaneously optimizes the hole transport layer/perovskite energy alignment and accelerates the interfacial charge transfer via LSPR-induced near-field enhancement effects. The spectral expansion and improved carrier dynamics synergistically boost the power conversion efficiency to 25.08%, demonstrating heterojunction engineering as a viable strategy for advancing broadband PSCs and other optoelectronic devices.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
·
IF 8.355
Xuefeng Liu,Hao Zhou,Shuzhao Pei,Shupo Xie,Shijie You
Photoelectrocatalysis (PEC) represents a promising method for water decontamination, but the overall performance is limited by slow interfacial charge transfer. In this study, we address this limitation by creating an efficient PEC system with oxygen-deficient WO 3−x nanoplate array film serving as photoanode through surface reduction method. Oxygen vacancy had a slight impact to catalytic activity of photoanode, but exhibited an enhanced performance when anodic polarization was imposed. Based on a front-side illumination and potential of 1.2 V vs standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), the WO 3−x photoanode produced a photocurrent being 7.3 times as WO 3 photoanode, indicating a substantially enhanced interfacial charge transfer. Both WO 3 and WO 3−x electrodes showed an insignificant removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and dechlorination under individual photocatalytic condition. When anodic polarization was applied at 1.2 V vs SHE, 85.5% removal of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 48% dechlorination efficiency could be obtained for WO 3−x photoanode, accounting for the values being 32.7% and 25.8% higher than that for WO 3 photoanode. The corresponding first-order kinetic constant for 4-CP removal by WO 3−x ( k = 0.0157 min −1 ) was approximately 2.53 times as that by WO 3 ( k = 0.0062 min −1 ). The improved PEC performance of WO 3−x photoanode under low potential bias should result from faster interfacial charge transfer, mitigation of electron-hole recombination, and production of higher amount of hydroxyl radical ( OH). This study not only suggests the important role of oxygen vacancy in PEC system, but also provides a new strategy to develop a full solar-energy-based water purification system.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2023
·Vol. 58
·期 42
·16309-16321
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IF 4.5
Shi Kaiyang,Wang Fulin,Li Xiangwei,Huang Weiya,Lu Kangqiang,Yu Changlin,Yang Kai
Developing artificial N 2 fixation and hydrogen production using mild, green, clean, and reliable sunlight is of great significance. In this study, the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and hydrogen production performances of WO 3− x were improved by oxygen vacancies engineering. WO 3− x nanosheets with oxygen-rich defects were readily synthesized by hydrogen reduction treatment. WO 3− x exhibits a two-dimensional nanosheets structure, and the introduction of oxygen defects affects its energy band structure. The slight narrowing of the band gap and the increase of the conduction band facilitate the transfer of photogenerated charges and increase the reducibility of WO 3− x . Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and N 2 -temperature programmed desorption (N 2 -TPD) prove that oxygen vacancies can regulate the adsorption and activation of N 2 molecules. W500 specimen has a photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity of 28.4 μmol g −1 h −1 and a hydrogen production activity of 60.4 μmol g −1 h −1 under the full spectrum. It is hoped that oxygen vacancies engineering can provide some inspiration for the rational design and optimization of efficient photocatalytic fixation of N 2 and hydrogen production.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2025
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IF 6.3
Likun Wang,Xuhui Yu,Xiaoyue Hao,Qingyin Di,Lukai Shen,Donghui Li
Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) is a promising functional oxide for optoelectronic and photonic applications; however, simultaneously controlling its morphology and defect structure remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile hydrothermal strategy to synthesize indium-doped WO 3-x nanostructures and systematically investigate the correlation between dopant concentration, morphological evolution, and photoluminescence (PL) properties. By tuning the In 3+ content from 0 to 20 at%, the morphology progressively transforms from slender nanowires to nanorods and finally nanosheets, accompanied by lattice distortion and defect generation. The optical bandgap decreases from 3.23 eV to 2.73 eV, while the PL emission intensity exhibits a remarkable non-monotonic increase, reaching a maximum enhancement of approximately 10-times at 15 at% In 3+ . This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects of defect-induced radiative recombination centers and morphology-optimized light–matter interactions. Our findings establish a clear structure–property relationship for In-doped WO 3-x nanostructures and provide new insights into defect and morphology engineering for advanced WO 3 -based optoelectronic and photonic devices.
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ACS Catalysis
·
2026
·
IF 13.1
Can Cheng,Yaolin Wang,Jia-nan Wang,Haomiao Xu,Wenjun Huang,Zhisong Liu,Wei Li,Yuyang Li,Zan Qu,Xin Tu,Naiqiang Yan
Plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to CO offers a promising route for carbon-neutral chemical synthesis. However, its advancement is constrained by low energy efficiency and limited mechanistic insight. Here, we developed an oxygen vacancy-engineered Pd-WO3–x catalyst supported on nickel foam (NF), which exhibits enhanced performance in ambient plasma-driven CO2 conversion. The system leverages the conductive properties of NF to spatially divide the discharge zone into streamer and filamentary discharge zones, thereby enhancing plasma activation and interfacial charge transfer. Catalyst characterization reveals that Pd plays a critical role in stabilizing metastable oxygen vacancies (OVs) within WO3–x, which function as electron reservoirs to promote CO2 dissociation into CO. Density functional theory calculations and in situ spectroscopic studies confirm that Pd facilitates H2 dissociation, while vibrationally excited CO2 generated in the plasma gas phase preferentially adsorbs at OV sites. At a specific energy input of 33.6 kJ L–1, the system demonstrates superior performance, achieving 54.9% CO2 conversion with 99.8% selectivity toward CO, surpassing typical plasma-catalytic benchmarks. The catalyst exhibited good stability over 100 h of continuous operation, with a slight decrease in CO2 conversion (<10%) and nearly unchanged CO selectivity (>99%) due to strong metal–support interactions and the conductive nature of NF. This work demonstrates that OV engineering provides a promising strategy for designing efficient plasma-catalytic systems for CO2 conversion.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Fang Peng,Weiwei Yu,Yue Lu,Yan Sun,Xiuli Fu,Jia ming Hao,Xin Chen,Rui Cong,Ning Dai
To verify the effect of oxygen vacancy on gas sensitivity, we have systematically investigated the gas-sensing performance of copper oxide/substoichiometric tungsten oxide (CuO/WO3–x) nanocomposite sensors. Oxygen deficiency in WO3–x facilitates the reaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas with chemisorbed oxygen species (i.e., O2–, O–, and O2–) at low temperature. The oxygen/sulphur exchange reaction between CuO and H2S in the sensing process can achieve room temperature operation of gas sensors. After the WO3–x nanorods were modified by a low content of CuO nanoparticles (Cu:W = 1:20), the sensors present an n-type sensing behavior. Their best working temperatures drop from 289 °C (or 386 °C) to 99 °C (or 70 °C) at which the responses are improved by 14 to 163 times for different x values. Among them, CuO(L)/W5O14 shows the highest sensitivity of 1575.7 to 10 ppm H2S at 99 °C and 171.5 to 10 ppm H2S at room temperature. Once WO3–x were loaded with a high concentration of CuO nanoparticles (Cu:W = 1:2), they exhibit a p-type behavior, and the optimal working temperatures reduce suddenly to room temperature at which CuO(H)/W18O49 displays the most sensitive response of 7.2 even toward trace amounts of H2S as low as 100 ppb. In addition, p-type CuO weakens the metal-like characteristics of W18O49 and such weakening effect enhances with an increase in the CuO content. Therefore, the sensing performance of the CuO/W18O49 composite is the best among the four CuO/WO3–x sensors. The two designs for low and high Cu/W molar ratios all achieve enhanced room-temperature H2S gas response, with a fast recovery time of ∼60 s under heating pulse, as well as an excellent selectivity, which makes the sensors a promising candidate for practical applications. Moreover, the micro-Raman spectra confirmed CuS formation and the thermal effect on the decomposition of CuS in the sensing process was studied.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
传感器技术
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2023
·
IF 13.1
Zhongmiao Gong,Zhigang Chen,Hao Li,Guang Yang,Min Yuan,Zhiyun Li,Xueying Wan,Yi Cui
Surface-supported isolated atoms in single-atom catalysts (SACs) grant maximum utilization of metals in heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we report a feasible pyrolysis strategy to synthesize Pd single atoms by thermally melting Pd nanoparticles on an oxygen-vacancy-rich tungsten-oxide matrix at reduction atmosphere. Near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to monitor the formation of zero-valence Pd single atoms and the increased metallic feature of WO 3− x substrate. Accordingly, the as-obtained zero-valence Pd single-atom catalyst exhibits a markedly boosted HER activity with a low overpotential ( η 10 = 70 mV) at the current density of 10 mA/cm 2 and a small Tafel slope ( b = 68 mV/dec), nearly 150 mV and a 3.0-fold enhancement than those of Pd nanoparticles ( η 10 = 220 mV, b = 133 mV/dec) under the same conditions. In addition, quasi in situ XPS results suggest the hydrogen spillover effect is more likely to occur on Pd single atoms during the electrochemical process. Our work may pave an interesting route for the rational design of highly-efficient single-atom catalyst, and the elucidation of corresponding enhanced reaction mechanisms by the utilization of advanced characterization techniques.
研究领域:
催化化学
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材料科学
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电化学
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