Frontiers in Energy
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2024
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IF 3.1
Zhang Chen,Zhang Duoyong,Zhang Xinqi,Tian Yongqiang,Wang Liwei
Mesoporous biochar (MC) derived from biomass is synthesized using a dual-salt template method involving ZnCl 2 and KCl, followed by impregnation with polyethyleneimine (PEI) of varying average molecular weights under vacuum conditions to construct a core-membrane structure for enhancing carbon capture performance. The resulting MC exhibits a highly intricate network of micropores and abundant mesopores, along with defects in graphitic structures, effectively facilitating robust PEI loading. Among the PEI-modified samples, PEI-600@MC demonstrates the highest CO 2 sorption capacity, achieving approximately 3.35 mmol/g at 0.1 MPa and 70 °C, with an amine efficiency of 0.32 mmol CO 2 /mmol N. The introduction of amine functional groups in PEI significantly enhances the sorption capacity compared to bare MC. Additionally, PEI with lower average molecular weights exhibits a superior sorption performance at low pressures but shows a reduced thermal stability compared to higher molecular weight counterparts. The area of sorption hysteresis loops gradually decreases with increasing temperature and average molecular weight of PEI. The equilibrium sorption isotherms are accurately modeled by the Langmuir equation, revealing a maximum sorption capacity of approximately 3.53 mmol/g at 70 °C and saturation pressure. This work highlights the potential of dual-salts templated biomass-derived MC, modified with PEI, as an effective, widely available, and cost-efficient material for CO 2 capture.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Mengjiao Zhang,Wenlu Duan,Xingyu Zhou,Lupeng Shao,Srinivas Janaswamy,Chao Wang,Yu Liu,Feng Xu
Petroleum-based plastic packaging stays in the environment longer and raises safety concerns, prompting the development of sustainable bio‑based alternatives. Herein, high‑performance regenerated cellulose (RC) films reinforced with phenolated lignin nanoparticles (P‑LNPs) were developed by dissolving softwood pulp in an ZnCl 2 /AlCl 3 inorganic molten salt hydrate system and regenerating it in water. Phenolation increased lignin’s phenolic–OH content, and nanolization allowed for uniform nanoparticle dispersion and strong interfacial interactions within the cellulose matrix. At 3 wt% P‑LNPs (RCPL‑3), the composite film showed a balanced profile: tensile strength of 89.14 MPa; elongation at break of 9.47%; water vapor permeability of 0.91 × 10⁻¹ ² g·cm/(cm²·s·Pa); visible‑light transmittance of 83.78%; UV blocking over 90%; and a water contact angle of 103.2°. The films possess antioxidant activity and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus . In a model application, RCPL-3 effectively slowed banana peel browning and reduced 7-day weight loss to 18%. Soil burial tests confirmed biodegradability with 71% mass loss after 60 days. These findings show that P-LNPs work together with regenerated cellulose to produce transparent, barrier-improved, antioxidant, and antibacterial films suitable for active, biodegradable food packaging.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
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2024
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IF 10.7
Yunhua Bai,Xiong-Fei Zhang,Yufang Wu,Hu Liu,Jianfeng Yao
Eutectogels have attracted attention for use in flexible electronics and energy storage because of their high conductivity and good mechanical properties. In this work, using ZnCl2 as a hydrogen bond acceptor and lactic acid (LA) as a hydrogen bond donor, an inorganic salt-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) was designed. The DES was used to extract lignin from poplar sawdust, and then poly(vinyl alcohol) was added to the mixed DES/lignin solution to obtain the eutectogels. Due to extensive hydrogen bonding and Zn2+-induced coordination, the eutectogels present high ionic conductivity, good stretchability, and wide temperature tolerance. In particular, the presence of lignin endows the eutectogels with self-adhesive properties and enhanced mechanical strength. By regulating the lignin content, the optimal eutectogel sample exhibited an ionic conductivity of 23.8 mS cm−1, tensile strength of 331 kPa, and elongation at break of 1000%, and it could be stable for a long time at −20 °C. Furthermore, the eutectogel quasi-solid-state electrolyte in a zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor has a high capacity of 251 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and it provides stable adhesion and mechanical strength at low temperatures. After 10 000 charge/discharge cycles, these capacitors demonstrated over 86% capacitance retention and 100% coulombic efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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柔性电子
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高影响因子
ACS Omega
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2021
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IF 3.512
Fengxiao Zhao,Rui Shan,Wenjian Li,Yuyuan Zhang,Haoran Yuan,Yong Chen
In this study, pulp sludge-derived biochar synthesized through modification with ZnCl2 under multistep pyrolysis conditions was investigated for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. Results showed that when the Zn2PT350-700 dosage was 10 mg, the largest adsorption amount of MB was 590.20 mg/g within 24 h under pH = 8. Kinetics and thermodynamics revealed that the adsorption process of MB can be described by the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which means that multilayer sorption occurred on the heterogeneous surface of Zn2PT350-700. The analysis of the adsorption mechanism showed that electrostatic attraction between the deprotonated functional groups and MB+, cation exchange, and π-electron interaction played a major role in MB adsorption, followed by physical adsorption. After six cycles of desorption–adsorption, Zn2PT350-700 still maintained good adsorption performance. All results demonstrated that Zn2PT350-700 could perform as promising adsorbents for efficient MB removal from wastewater. Using biochar from paper and pulp sludge for wastewater remediation is an ingenious method, which can reduce the environmental and health risks related to industrial waste disposal, while providing remediation of water contaminated with industrial dye effluents.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2022
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IF 6.449
Shumei Zhang,Jiali Zhou,Xin Gao,Heng Zhang
Application of polyethylene (PE) mulch in agriculture and horticulture is challenging due to scarce fossil-oil resources and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, bio-based mulches represent a promising alternative for petroleum-derived ones. From the lignocellulose from the whole corn stalk, the eco-benign cryogel absorbent and paper mulch has been modified by tartaric acid (TA) esterification and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/cationic starch (CSt) coating, respectively. This work reports a hybrid mulch of these two products via cellulosic partial-dissolution and regeneration processes and its excellent performance of water preservation for cultivation soil. The modification of TA molecules onto cellulose chains were confirmed by FTIR and X-ray diffraction, which showed the formation of ester bonds and crystallinity transition from cellulose I to the coexistence of cellulose II. SEM analyses proved a successful composite of TA-esterified cellulose absorbent and PVA/CSt-coated paper by ZnCl 2 -dissolved cellulose gel. The abundant H-bonding between interfaces of the coated paper and cellulose-derivative cryogel contributed to the favorable connection and thus mechanical properties, which both dry tensile strength (41.5 MPa) and wet tensile strength (35.6 MPa). The composites showed the reduction of water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate (OTR), which were 755.43 g/m 2 day and 10.6 mL/m 2 /day, respectively, and enhancement of water absorbency for 210.3 g/g as increasing the cryogel thickness. The green and biodegradable strategy proposed in this study will broaden the application range of composite mulches in agriculture and forestry .
研究领域:
农业科学
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材料科学
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环境科学
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高影响因子
ChemistrySelect
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2025
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·e202405266
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IF 2
Boao Du,Lihui Zheng
Graphical This research focuses on supercapacitor electrode materials. Using Rhus typhina leaves as raw materials, it innovatively employs a mixed activator of K 2 CO 3 and ZnCl 2 Through a two-step carbonization-activation method, O/N self-doped TLMPC-x is prepared. Among them, TLMPC-1.0 exhibits outstanding performance, with a large specific surface area, high specific capacitance, and strong cycle stability, demonstrating promising application prospects. This research focuses on the field of supercapacitor electrode materials. Using Rhus typhina leaves as the starting material, it innovatively applies a mixed activator composed of K 2 CO 3 and ZnCl 2 and successfully prepares O/N self-doped leaf-derived porous carbon electrode materials (TLMPC-x) through a precisely controlled two-step carbonization-activation method. The aim is to develop a new type of electrode material that combines excellent performance, environmental friendliness, and the advantage of low cost, and to deeply explore the mechanism of the effect of the activator ratio on the specific surface area and electrochemical performance of the materials. Among them, TLMPC-1.0 remarkably exhibits a specific surface area as high as 2827.9 m 2 g −1 . Its abundant and multi-level pore structure complements well with the diverse heteroatom doping. During the electrochemical performance test in the KOH electrolyte system, the specific capacitance of this material excellently reaches 335.3 F g −1 , and the capacitance retention rate is stably maintained at 69%. When the power density is 250 W kg −1 , an energy density of 9.45 Wh kg −1 can be achieved. Moreover, after 20 000 charge–discharge cycles, its capacitance retention rate is still as high as 96.4%, demonstrating extremely excellent electrochemical performance and ultra-stable cycle stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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环境科学
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高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2017
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IF 2.843
Bin Jiang,Wenjun Tao,Haozhen Dou,Yongli Sun,Xiaoming Xiao,Luhong Zhang,Na Yang
Binary metal chloride deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were first prepared by adding different metal chlorides into 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl)/CuCl DESs to improve the activity of the Cu+ carrier for ethylene/ethane separation. The binary metal chloride DESs were impregnated in the polyvinylidene fluoride microporous membrane to prepare the supported liquid membranes (SLMs). The performance of the SLMs based on binary metal chloride DESs was evaluated by ethylene/ethane separation experiments. For the SLM based on 0.5[BMIM]Cl-CuCl-1/15ZnCl2 DES, the selectivity of ethylene/ethane mixture increased from 10.7 to 17.8, and the ethylene permeability decreased slightly from 28.6 barrer to 25.8 barrer, compared to 0.5[BMIM][Cl] SLM without ZnCl2. Furthermore, it exhibited long-term stability for more than 150 h. The beneficial role of ZnCl2 for Cu+ carrier was analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, and quantum mechanical calculation. The Raman spectrum showed that the Cu–Cl bond was weakened with the addition of ZnCl2. Quantum mechanical calculation revealed that the electron transferred from a Cl– ion of CuCl2– to the Zn2+ ion, which led to the weakening of the Cu–Cl bond and the activation of the Cu+ carrier.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Energy Materials
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2026
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IF 5.5
Xiaohan Ma,Xijun Wang,Ningyuan Xie,Huacheng Wu,Xinying Qin,Ruina Ma,An Du,Xue Zhao,Yongzhe Fan
This paper investigates the mechanism by which the ZnCl2 additive affects the electrolyte performance of all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) through a combination of experimental and simulation methods. Molecular dynamics calculations indicate that ZnCl2 reconstructs the solvation structure of VO2+ through the synergistic interaction of Zn2+ and Cl−, thereby inhibiting the formation of ion clusters at the microscopic level. The experimental results show that the electrolyte with 3% ZnCl2 exhibits significantly improved stability and electrochemical activity at 50 °C. After cycling 50 times at a current density of 120 mA/cm2, the capacity retention rate increased by 23.82% compared to the original electrolyte, with efficiency maintained at 78.21%. After 200 cycles, the discharge capacity was 6.16 Ah/L higher than that of the original electrolyte, and the energy efficiency still reached 80%. SEM analysis confirmed that ZnCl2 effectively reduced the deposition adhesion on the electrode at high temperatures. The study indicates that ZnCl2 can serve as an effective bifunctional additive, significantly enhancing the long-term thermal stability and capacity retention of VRFBs by regulating the ion solvation environment.
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高影响因子
Results in Engineering
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2026
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IF 9.4
Jia Wei,Rui Zhou,Luchun Yan,Yanjun Cui,Bing Hu,Jing Li,Zefang Li,Kai Zhang
This study explored the production of biochar from zanthoxylum bungeanum branches using a low-oxygen heating technique and identified 550 °C as the optimal pyrolysis temperature. The biochar was modified with zinc chloride. FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XPS analyses collectively confirmed successful Zn²⁺ doping, enrichment of surface-active functional groups, and a 2629% increase in specific surface area relative to the pristine biochar. The highest removal efficiencies for Acid Red 73 and Methylene Blue dyes in aqueous solution using the modified biochar (ZBC-550) were 99.25% and 99.04%, and the adsorption capacity is 115.18 mg/g and 108.94 mg/g respectively. The adsorption mechanisms involved in the process included hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, complexation reactions, and π-π interactions, consistent with Langmuir and Temkin isotherms. Kinetic assessments indicated that Methylene Blue adsorption was predominantly chemical, while Acid Red 73 adsorption was primarily physical. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further supported these findings, demonstrating adsorption energies of -0.9599 eV for Acid Red 73 and -2.0386 eV for Methylene Blue.
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高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 8.2
Godwill Wiredu Asamoah,Zelin Wang,Junsheng Wu,Yiwan Wang,Jacob Senior Atta Owusu,Yuehan Li,Jianyun Liu
Renewable loofah sponge is valorized into porous carbon by a dual-salt strategy. • One-step FeCl 3 -ZnCl 2 route realizes activation and graphitization. • The optimized carbon reaches a high surface area of 2549 m 2 g −1. • Dual salts regulate pore structure and oxygen surface functionality. • The electrode delivers 48 mg g −1 SAC with fast kinetics and good cycling stability. Inverted capacitive deionization (i-CDI) is an effective strategy for mitigating the anodic degradation and co-ion expulsion commonly encountered in conventional capacitive deionization, but the development of cost-effective, high-performance electrode materials for i-CDI remains a hurdle. Herein, a FeCl 3 -ZnCl 2 dual-salt-mediated one-step carbonization-activation strategy was proposed to engineer graphitized hierarchical porous carbon with rich oxygen functionalities from Loofah sponge. FeCl 3 primarily promoted catalytic graphitization while the dual-salt treatment helped preserve/expose oxygen-containing surface functionalities and meanwhile generates a high surface area and well-developed pore structure. The combined activation between FeCl 3 and ZnCl 2 resulted in a hierarchical porous network with improved structural and electrochemical properties compared to single salt activation. The optimal sample denoted LSCFCZC800 exhibited an ultra-high specific surface area of 2549 m 2 g −1 , oxygen-rich functional groups and well-defined hierarchical porous carbon framework. Surface analysis further showed that dual-salt treatment produced an oxygen-enriched carbon surface containing abundant carboxyl-related species and improved wettability, which are favorable for ion adsorption in i-CDI. When used as an active electrode in an asymmetric i-CDI configuration paired with commercial activated carbon as the counter electrode, the device delivered a substantial salt adsorption capacity of 48 mg g −1 , a rapid adsorption rate of 2.2 mg g −1 min −1 and 71% capacity retention after 100 cycles (500 mg L −1 NaCl 1.2 V). Real groundwater tests further confirmed its practical applicability, reducing conductivity from 2215 to approximately 608 μS cm −1 while converting very hard water into soft water. The superior desalination performance is associated with coupled effects of hierarchical porosity, enhanced conductivity, good wettability, and favorable surface charge characteristics. This work demonstrated a simple and effective route for designing biomass-derived carbon for efficient i-CDI desalination of saline groundwater. Download: Download high-res image (165KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2022
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IF 6.633
Lixian Xu,Hao Jia,Dongao Zhu,Fengkang Huan,Ruihong Liu,Wei Jiang,Wenshuai Zhu,Huaming Li
Deep eutectic solvents, as the novel and green solvents, are widely applied in various fields because of its unique and excellent quality, such as simple synthesis, non-toxic, biodegradable, wide range of liquids and strong solvation ability. In this work, a series of ternary deep eutectic solvents were synthesized using ZnCl 2 , boric acid (BA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with appropriate molar ratios by hydrogen bonds. Compared with binary DESs, ZnCl 2 /2BA/2PEG showed a better desulfurization performance, and 98.7 % sulfur removal was achieved. The hydrogen bonding interaction is considered as the key factor to the formation of DES and to promote the desulfurization reaction. In addition, BA and ZnCl 2 play a synergistic and positive role in the desulfurization system. The DES was immiscible with fuel and could be reused for six cycles without a significant reduction in activity. The possible mechanism of the positive effect of hydrogen bonding interaction and O 2 •− free radicals was proposed. This work offers more possibility for designing new types of DESs for deep desulfurization of fuel oils and other applications in relation to extraction or catalysis.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
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2026
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IF 9.8
Hong Gu,Dekai Pan,Yiyang Li,Yuhan Bian,Yunjun Ruan
With the growing demand for sustainable energy storage devices, biomass-derived carbon materials have emerged as promising electrode candidates for supercapacitors due to their renewability, low cost, and environmental benignity. Tobacco stems, an abundant agricultural waste, are often underutilized, making their conversion into high-value carbon materials a critical focus for waste recycling and energy storage applications. Herein, a synergistic KOH-ZnCl 2 dual activation strategy was proposed to synthesize tobacco stem-derived activated carbons (TSACs), which precisely tailors the pore structure and defect density for enhanced electrochemical performance. Specifically, high-temperature KOH activation can etch the carbon framework to create numerous micropores, whereas ZnCl 2 has a weaker etching effect and produces only a limited number of micropores. Leveraging the synergistic etching effect of the KOH-ZnCl 2 dual-activator system, a hierarchically porous structure comprising both micropores and mesopores can be generated within the carbon material. The optimized TSAC-1 (with a mass ratio of TSC:KOH:ZnCl 2 = 1:4:1) possesses a well-developed honeycomb-like interconnected porous network, a high BET specific surface area of 3257 m 2 g −1 , and appropriate proportions of micropores (72.3%) and mesopores (26.7%), thus offering abundant active sites and efficient ion transport channels. Electrochemical tests show that the TSAC-1 electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 334 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 , retains 218 F g −1 at 20 A g −1 (corresponding to a rate capability of 65.3%), and maintains 91.4% capacitance after 5000 cycles, demonstrating excellent performance and stability. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) based on TSAC-1 and 6 M KOH operates stably at 1.3 V, achieving a maximum energy density of 13.3 Wh kg −1 at 162.5 W kg −1 , retaining 6.4 Wh kg −1 at 3250 W kg −1 , and maintaining 95.76% capacitance after 11,000 cycles with Coulombic efficiency above 99%. These results validate that tobacco stem-derived activated carbons prepared by dual activation are high-performance electrode materials for supercapacitors, offering a sustainable approach to waste valorization and advancing the development of green energy storage systems.
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高影响因子
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