Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 19
·3297
·
IF 5.1
Anthony Pius Bassey,Chaoxiong Meng,Yin Zhang,Fan Wang,Mustapha Muhammad Nasiru,Han Wu,Isaiah Henry Ibeogu,Linlin Fan,Xiaoli Liu
This study developed antimicrobial composite coatings from gelatin (GL) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) functionalized with carvacrol (CA) as a natural alternative for the preservation of strawberries. Films incorporated with 0%, 1.5%, and 3% CA were characterized by their physical, mechanical, and structural properties. The addition of CA significantly improved opacity, tensile strength, elongation-at-break, and thickness, while reducing water vapor permeability, moisture content, and solubility (p< 0.05). Spectroscopy and microscopy also confirmed CA’s uniform dispersion within the matrix. During 14 days of storage at 4 °C, strawberries coated with GL/CMCS/CA-3% significantly reduced weight loss (50.91%) and fungal contamination, improved firmness (79.31%), and maintained color and pH. Conversely, uncoated strawberries showed rapid declines in soluble solids, acidity, phenolics, anthocyanins, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity (p< 0.05). Microbial growth was effectively suppressed in coated fruits, while sensory profiles were drastically impaired in uncoated samples at the end of storage (p< 0.05). These results demonstrate that GL/CMCS/CA coatings can effectively preserve strawberry quality and extend shelf life without synthetic preservatives.
研究领域:
食品科学
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农产品贮藏与加工
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天然产物应用
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可食用膜材料
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食品安全
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Xiaona Gao,Xinke Gao,Zichun Hua,Majid Alhomrani,Chao Shi,Lin Lin,Yulin Zhu
The contamination of L. monocytogenes on different foods mainly achieves by the formation of biofilm, and L. monocytogenes biofilm poses great risks to food industry. Hence, exploring the safe and nontoxic substances to interfere and destroy L. monocytogenes biofilm is of great concern. In this research, carvacrol was selected as the antibiofilm substance to investigate its effect on the three-dimensional structure, extracellular polymer matrix, aggregation, adhesion and Agr quorum sensing system of L. monocytogenes biofilm. The results revealed that L. monocytogenes showed the greatest biofilm formation ability in 5 days cultivation on stainless steel sheet. The minimum biofilm inhibition concentration and minimum biofilm elimination concentration of carvacrol against L. monocytogenes biofilm were 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL. SEM and fluorescent pictures demonstrated that carvacrol could destroy and eliminate polymer matrix of L. monocytogenes biofilm. Furthermore, carvacrol could impact the swimming motility and aggregation ability of L. monocytogenes to inhibit the adhesion and initial formation of biofilm. Finally, carvacrol also could effectively inhibit the secretion and production of exopolysaccharide and proteins, downregulating the gene expression and binding with signaling proteins in Agr quorum sensing system to interfere the formation of biofilm. In conclusion, carvacrol could be applied as the ideal antibiofilm substance to inhibit and destroy L. monocytogenes biofilm in food industry.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Applied Sciences-Basel
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 11
·2240
·
IF 2.217
Chunpeng Wan,Yuting Shen,Muhammad Farrukh Nisar,Wenwen Qi,Chuying Chen,Jinyin Chen
Carvacrol (5-Isopropyl-2-methylphenol), a volatile oil constituent, mainly exists in Labiaceae family plants. Carvacrol has long been studied for its natural antifungal potential and food preservative potential. However, its exact mode of action, especially againstPenicillium digitatum(P. digitatum), remains unexplored. Herein, a1H-NMR-based metabolomic technique was used to investigate the antifungal mechanism of carvacrol againstP. digitatum. The metabolomic profiling data showed that alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism were imbalanced in the fungal hyphae. A strong positive correlation was seen between aspartate, glutamate, alanine, and glutamine, with a negative correlation among glutathione and lactate. These metabolic changes revealed that carvacrol-induced oxidative stress had disturbed the energy production and amino acid metabolism ofP. digitatum. The current study will improve the understanding of the metabolic changes posed by plant-based fungicides in order to control citrus fruit green mold caused byP. digitatum. Moreover, the study will provide a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the development of novel citrus fruit preservatives.
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DOI
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.056
Qi Guo,Shuai Li,Gengan Du,Hong Chen,Xiaohai Yan,Shuaidan Chang,Tianli Yue,Yahong Yuan
Carvacrol-loaded microcapsules were developed based on coacervation complexes of whey protein isolate (WPI) and high methoxyl pectin (HMP), followed by cross-linking with tannic acid (TA). Optimal pH and WPI-HMP ratios for complex coacervation were found to be 4.1 and 5:1, respectively. Coacervation complexes were used to encapsulate carvacrol. Optimum conditions for achieving morphology and encapsulation efficiency were found for wall materials with a concentration of 2% (w/v), a wall/core ratio of 1:2 (w: w), and a homogenization speed of 15,000 rpm. The optimized formulation of microcapsules has an encapsulation efficiency of 77.48 ± 0.03% for carvacrol and a size of 1.08 μm. The addition of tannic acid (TA) decreased particle size and had no other influence on the morphological properties of microcapsules. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated that coacervates were formed through the electrostatic interactions between WPI and HMP and the main force between TA and coacervates is hydrogen bonding. The addition of HMP to WPI and the presence of TA both decreased the content of tryptophan residues. Carvacrol microcapsules crosslinked with TA demonstrated better stability and antioxidant properties, showing potential for encapsulation of bioactive substances.
研究领域:
食品科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 10.723
Haoyue Ning,Lixin Lu,Jing Xu,Lijing Lu,Liao Pan,Zidong Lin
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different concentrations of the amine-functionalized isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 loaded with carvacrol (IRMOF-3/CA) on the properties of sodium alginate (SA) composite films, thus determining the optimal addition amount and further preparing bioactive packaging film with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The morphology, structure, physical properties, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the films were characterized and analyzed. The results showed that the thermal stability and light barrier property of the films were improved by the addition of IRMOF-3/CA. When the additional concentration was 0.4 wt%, the tensile, water vapor barrier and hydrophobic properties of the films were increased by 30.13%, 9.06% and 46.43% respectively compared with those of pure SA film. Moreover, the film added with IRMOF-3/CA had sustained antioxidant and antibacterial activities , and had an apparent fresh-keeping effect on pork, suggesting its application potential in food packaging.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
材料科学
·
生物化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Fishes
·
2026
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·273
·
IF 2.9
Tianwei Wang,Yongxiang Yu,Chunyuan Wang,Yingeng Wang,Zhiqi Zhang,Xiaojun Rong,Meijie Liao,Kun Hu,Zheng Zhang
The inappropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture has exacerbated antimicrobial resistance in pathogens, thereby reducing the efficiency of aquaculture production. Therefore, it is crucial to develop effective antibiotic alternatives capable of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria. Against this background, the present study investigated the efficacy and underlying mechanism of carvacrol againstVibrio harveyiin the mariculture of the marine fishSebastes schlegelii, aiming to provide data support for the development of green fishery drugs to replace antibiotics. The results indicated that pre-treatment with carvacrol increased the survival rate of infectedS. schlegelii. Meanwhile, post-infection administration of carvacrol alleviated intestinal pathological damage. Carvacrol regulated host immunity by modulating the transcription of the immune-related genesNF-κB/RelAandIL-15. Carvacrol did not significantly alter the activities of SOD, MDA, or CAT, suggesting that the oxidative defense pathway was not primarily involved. Analysis of intestinalVibrioload confirmed that carvacrol could inhibit the growth and colonization of intestinalVibrio, thereby maintaining microbial homeostasis. Immunohistochemistry and peripheral blood flow cytometry showed that carvacrol enhanced the adaptive immunity of fish by increasing the proportions of CD4-1+T cells and CD79a/CD79b+B cells in tissues and peripheral blood. In conclusion, carvacrol enhances the resistance ofS. schlegeliiagainstV. harveyiby inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, improving intestinal morphological structure, reducing pathogenic bacterial load to maintain microbial homeostasis, and enhancing the adaptive immunity of the organism. This study provides a theoretical basis and data support for the substitution of antibiotics and the development of green feed additives in aquaculture.
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DOI
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4
Xuemei Lu,Ke Hu,Minggui Ou,Min Li,Xinchun Zhang,Xingyu Zhan,Xun Liao,Ming Li,Rongyu Li
The soft rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum leads to a significant reduction in the yield of Dendrobium officinale . However, research into the synergistic inhibitory effect of essential oils in D. officinale is extremely limited. In this study, we systematically investigated the direct and indirect inhibitory activity of carvacrol, citral and their combination against F. oxysporum , and their synergistic inhibitory mechanism. Carvacrol and citral exhibited significant direct and indirect inhibitory activity against F. oxysporum with EC 50 values of 54.37 mg/L and 119.32 mg/L (direct), 18.01 μL/(L•air) and 48.70 μL/(L•air) (indirect). Synergistic analysis revealed that the optimal synergistic toxicity of carvacrol and citral combination (Ca•Ci) against F. oxysporum was 10:1, with co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of 131.57 and EC 50 value of 44.24 mg/L. Microscopy confirmed that the Ca•Ci led to more significant tip constriction, uneven surfaces and serious rupture of F. oxysporum mycelia than single compound. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Ca•Ci also caused significant ultrastructural alterations to F. oxysporum , manifesting as cytoplasmic disorganization and partial organellar disintegration. Moreover, Ca•Ci dramatically increased the sensitivity of F. oxysporum to calcofluor white compared with a single compound. Ca•Ci also considerably upregulated the expression of chitinase-related gene ( FOXG _12882) and β -1,3-glucanase-related gene ( FOXG _10637) in F. oxysporum , resulting in higher chitinase and β -1,3-glucanase activity. However, it should be noted that carvacrol exerted a greater contribution than citral. In conclusion, the combination of carvacrol and citral greatly disrupted the cell wall integrity of F. oxysporum , thereby exhibiting a synergistic effect.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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微生物学
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植物化学
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真菌学
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农业科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Jing Li,Xiaoqin Shi,Kang Yang,Lang Guo,Junjie Yang,Zhengyu Lan,Yong Guo,Longquan Xiao,Xinhui Wang
In this study, carvacrol was effectively encapsulated in gelatin/chitosan composite nanofiber membrane using the electrospinning method with the help of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The effects of CTAB (0.0%, 1.0%, w/w) and bioactive carvacrol (0.0%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0%, 7.0%, 10.0%, w/w) on the structural, physicomechanical, antibacterial, and antioxidant characteristics of the nanofiber membranes were investigated. The results demonstrated that the antibacterial and antioxidant characteristics of the gelatin/chitosan composite nanofiber membrane (GC) and GC-CAR membrane (with the addition of 1.0% carvacrol) were unsatisfactory. As carvacrol and CTAB were both added, the elongation at break, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties of the nanofiber membranes significantly improved (p < 0.05), while the water vapor permeability (WVP) significantly decreased (p < 0.05). When the added amount of carvacrol was 5.0% (w/w), the nanofiber membrane (GC-CAR5-CTAB) exhibited the best antioxidant and antibacterial performance. Finally, the GC-CAR5-CTAB membrane was applied to the preservation of strawberries and Erjingtiao chilies, and their shelf life was effectively extended. The above results indicate that the nanofiber membrane prepared in this study has great potential for application in food-active packaging.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF STORED PRODUCTS RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Yan Wang,Leiqing Pan,Kang Tu
Nectarine fruits are rich in nutrients, which are susceptible to fungal infection during postharvest, resulting in quality deterioration and decay. This study aimed to assess the effect of different concentrations of carvacrol and soy protein isolate coatings on the fungal infection and quality characteristics of nectarines during postharvest storage. The results showed that soy protein isolate carvacrol (SPI-C) coating inhibited the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer in vitro. The SPI-C coating significantly reduced the incidence of postharvest soft rot, maintained the postharvest quality of nectarines during storage. SPI-C coating induces the defense response to soft rot by enhancing the accumulation of phenolic, flavonoids and lignin, and up-regulating the expression of defense-related genes in nectarines. The SPI-C coating activated the transcription of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and POD) and eliminated ROS damage. The disease resistance response promotes the production of defense-related substances by upregulating the gene expression of PpPPO and PpPAL . In summary, SPI-C coating significantly reduces the incidence of postharvest soft rot, maintains the postharvest quality and induces defense response to soft rot by enhancing the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in nectarines during storage.
研究领域:
食品科学
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植物病理学
·
采后技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Foods
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·93
·
IF 4.35
Chenling Qu,Zhuozhen Li,Xiupin Wang
Aspergillus flavusis a common contaminant in grain, oil and their products. Its metabolite aflatoxin B1(AFB1) has been proved to be highly carcinogenic. Therefore, it is of great importance to find possible antifungal substances to inhibit the growth and toxin production ofAspergillus flavus. Carvacrol (CV) was reported as a potent antifungal monoterpene derived from plants. In this paper, the antifungal effects and mechanism of CV onAspergillus flavuswere investigated. CV was shown good inhibition on the growth ofAspergillus flavusand the production of AFB1. CV used in concentrations ranging from 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL inhibited the germination of spores, mycelia growth and AFB1production dose-dependently. To explore the antifungal mechanism of CV onAspergillus flavus, we also detected the ergosterol content ofAspergillus flavusmycelia, employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to observe mycelia morphology and utilized Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) to explore the lipidome profiles ofAspergillus flavus. The results showed that the production of ergosterol of mycelia was reduced as the CV treatment concentration increased. SEM photographs demonstrated a rough surface and a reduction in the thickness of hyphae inAspergillus flavustreated with CV (200 µg/mL). In positive ion mode, 21 lipids ofAspergillus flavusmycelium were downregulated, and 11 lipids were upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In negative ion mode, nine lipids ofAspergillus flavusmycelium were downregulated, and seven lipids upregulated after treatment with 200-µg/mL CV. In addition, the analysis of different lipid metabolic pathways between the control and 200-µg/mL CV-treated groups demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism was the most enriched pathway related to CV treatment.Keywords:Aspergillus flavus;carvacrol;untargeted lipidomics;ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS);antifungal activity
研究领域:
微生物学
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药理学
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分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Hao Zheng,Lei Chen,Tianhao Liu,Mengyao Liu,Yueqiang Yang,Guoying Liu,Hangqi Zhao,Pengrui Chen,Shaotong Fu,Yanhua Zhang,Jun Shen
Herein, carvacrol (CRV) and modified cellulose nanocrystal–zinc oxide (CNC–ZnO) were incorporated into a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to prepare a PLA-based composite film using a simple solution casting method to achieve antimicrobial effects for application in antimicrobial food packaging. Compared with films obtained from neat PLA, the PLA@CRV 20% @CNC–ZnO 3% composite film shows better performance in terms of mechanical properties, ultraviolet (UV) blocking, and antimicrobial effects. The PLA composites containing CRV and 3 wt% CNC–ZnO blends exhibit improved tensile strength (21.8 MPa) and elongation at break (403.1 %) as well as excellent UV resistance. In particular, CRV and the CNC–ZnO hybrid endow the obtained PLA composite films with a synergistic antibacterial effect, resulting in good antibacterial properties for microbes, such as Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger . The diameters of the inhibition zone of the PLA@CRV 20% @CNC–ZnO 3% composite films against E. coli , S. aureus , and A. niger were 4.9, 5.0, and 3.4 cm, respectively. Appling the PLA@CRV 20% @CNC–ZnO 3% composite film as an antibacterial food packaging material, the storage period for strawberries was considerably extended. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing new organic/inorganic composite antimicrobial film materials from PLA.
研究领域:
材料科学
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微生物学
·
食品科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Chao Li,Fengxian Wang,Pengfei Xiang,Fatang Jiang,Man Xiao
To address exudate accumulation and enhance the preservation of chilled pork, a biodegradable aerogel composed of konjac glucomannan (KGM), xanthan gum (XG), bamboo fiber (BF), and varying concentrations of carvacrol (CV) was developed. The aerogels were characterized by their microstructure and properties, which exhibited rapid water absorption and good mechanical performance in both dry and wet states. The incorporation of CV endowed the aerogels with antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and antioxidant properties, as demonstrated by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Additionally, the aerogels exhibited soil biodegradability. When applied as absorbent pads for chilled pork preservation, the aerogels significantly inhibited the increase in total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA), and total viable counts (TVC) after 24 h of storage. Moreover, the aerogels extended the pork's shelf life to 9 days at 4 °C, surpassing the 5-day shelf life achieved with commercial pads. These results underscore the aerogels' potential as absorbent pads for preserving chilled pork, offering effective solutions for both short- and long-term storage applications.
研究领域:
食品科学
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材料科学
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生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）