AQUACULTURE
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Xiaoyu Qi,Hongzhou Xu,Jingfei Long,Chenyang Yan,Kuiquan Pan,Yanzhen Song,Xinxin Jiang,Haixia Liu
Antibiotics have important role in controlling the outbreak of bacterial diseases in fish farming, but long-term use or persistent existence of antibiotics in water can cause adverse effects on aquatic animals. In order to evaluate repairing effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on damaged intestine of fish under enrofloxacin (ENR) stress, ENR-pretreated (1.0 mg/L, 7 days) largemouth bass were randomly divided into two groups, and subsequently were fed basal diet and diet supplemented with 1.0 g/kg APS for 14 days. Intestine tissue and content were sampled on day 0 (D0), days 7 (D7), days 21 (D21_APS and D21) to detect the intestinal structure, intestinal microbiota structure, oxidative stress, non-specific immune and inflammatory response. Intestinal tissue section showed that the height, width of intestinal villi, and muscular thickness in D21_APS were significantly greater than those on D0, D7, and D21 ( P < 0.05). APS-supplemented diet was significantly increased expression of tight junction protein related genes occludin, claudin-1, ZO-1 ( P < 0.05). APS addition significantly improved the activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity ( P < 0.05). The activity of CAT and SOD in D21_APS and D0 were similar. The highest activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were found in D21_APS group. The expression of proinflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in D21_APS and D21 were significantly down-regulated compared to that of D7, while anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was up-regulated ( P < 0.05). Compared with D7 group, quinolone resistance gene ( qnrB ) in D21 and D21_APS groups were significantly down-regulated, and in contrast to D21 group, qnr B and qnrS genes in D21_APS group were significantly down-regulated ( P < 0.05). High-throughput 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed proportion of Cyanobacteria in intestinal microbiota increased from 8.23% to 52.66%, while Firmicutes decreased from 28.54% to 2.03% after ENR treatment. In D21 group, Proteobacteria was notable decrease compared to D0, while Firmicutes increased. In D21_APS, the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes, and Acinetobacter , Cetobacterium and Aeromonas were the predominant genera. Cluster analysis indicated that bacterial community structure in D21_APS has a similar level to D0 at phylum level. Feeding APS increased abundance of genes related to styrene, isoleucine and lysine degradation; propanoate, butanoate phenylalanine, and tryptophan metabolism; lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis; bacterial secretion system; cell motility and secretion at KEGG pathway Level 3 compared to the basal diet. Taken together, APS can repair the damage of intestinal structure and intestinal microbiota caused by ENR.
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高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Peng Zhao,Chong-Chao Zhong,Nermeen Abu-Elala,Yu-Chen Zhou,Zhi-Wei Hao,Zhi Luo,Xiao-Ying Tan
This study evaluated the effects of dietary hesperetin (Hes) on growth performance, intestinal lipid deposition, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) fed high-fat diets. A 2 × 3 factorial design was employed, consisting of two dietary lipid levels (9.85% and 17.85%) and each lipid with three hesperetin supplementation (0, 1.25, and 2.5 g/kg). High-purity hesperetin with constant chemical characterization was purchased from Aladdin Industrial Corporation (purity >97%). Six isonitrogenous diets were formulated and fed to juvenile largemouth bass (6.94 ± 0.10 g) for 10 weeks. Significant interactions between dietary lipid and hesperetin levels were observed for final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and viscerosomatic index (VSI). Under high-fat condition, hesperetin improved FBW, WG, and SGR, while reducing FCR and VSI; however, opposite trends occurred at the lower lipid level. Dietary lipid and hesperetin interacted to influence intestinal villus, Srebp1 and ER-ApoB48 protein abundance, and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes ( fas , dgat2 , pparγ , abca1 , mttp , apob ). HFD significantly elevated TG content, and hesperetin decreased TG levels at both lipid levels. At both lipid levels, hesperetin downregulated mRNA expression of lipogenic genes ( fas , dgat2 , pparγ , abca1 ) and protein expression of Srebp1, increased villus width, and upregulated mttp and apob mRNA expression, although its ER-ApoB48 protein expression increased only under high-fat condition. Antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and mRNA expression of nrf2 , sod1 , sod2 , cat , gpx1 , and gpx2 were enhanced by hesperetin supplementation. In contrast, MDA content and expression of keap1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines ( tnf-α , stat1 , il-1β , il-6 , il-8 ) decreased, and anti-inflammatory il-10 expression increased at both lipid levels. Overall, hesperetin supplementation effectively mitigated HFD-induced inhibition in growth performance, intestinal lipid metabolism, oxidative status, and inflammatory signaling in largemouth bass. These findings support the application of hesperetin as a functional dietary additive for improving intestinal health in fish species.
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高影响因子
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 4.346
Shiwei Xie,Peng Yin,Lixia Tian,Yongjian Liu,Beiping Tan,Jin Niu
Antibiotics have been widely used (mainly mixed with feed) in aquaculture, while few studies have evaluated the interactions between feed composition and antibiotics. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a fat-soluble antibiotic, an eight weeks feeding trial was conducted to investigate the interactions between dietary lipid levels and chronic exposure of legal aquaculture dose of sulfamethoxazole in juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides , and evaluated the possible human health risk. Six practical diets were formulated to three levels of crude lipid (11, 14.5, 18 %) and two levels of SMX (0 and 0.3 %), namely low fat (LF), moderate fat (MF), high fat (HF), low fat and SMX (LFS), moderate fat and SMX (MFS), high fat and SMX (HFS), respectively. Each diet was assigned to three tanks (20 fish per tank, average weight 30.65 ± 0.02 g). Growth and organ indices were increased by SMX. Higher malformation rate and lower hypoxia stress resistance were found in fish exposed to SMX than those not exposed. Cholesterol and bile acid synthesis related gene expressions were down-regulated by SMX exposure. Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis were increased in fish exposed to SMX. Significant interactions between dietary lipid levels and SMX on renal immune response of fish were observed. Remarkable damage of intestinal histology was observed in fish fed the diet HFS. In addition, dietary SMX exposure increased pathogen susceptibility of largemouth bass and induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The concentrations of SMX in muscle of fish fed diets containing SMX were higher than those fed other diets, and close to the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China and international organizations. Although chronic legal aquaculture dose of dietary SMX also increased the target hazard quotient (THQ) and estimated daily intake (EDI), there is no health risk in adults and children consuming fish filet.
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PubMed
高影响因子
FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2026
·Vol. 52
·期 1
·17
·
IF 2.5
Zhang Zhenyang,Chen Weijun,Shen Jiaqi,Zhang Chunnuan,Gao Xiaochan,Ren Hongtao,Huang Yong,Gao Shiyang
This study aimed to explore the effect of paeonol (PAE) on growth performance and liver health in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) exposed to cadmium (Cd). Five experimental groups were designed: one control group reared in clean water and fed a basal diet (CONT), alongside four cadmium-exposed groups maintained in 2.75 mg/kg Cd-containing water and fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg (Cd), 100 mg/kg (PAE100-Cd), 200 mg/kg (PAE200-Cd), and 400 mg/kg PAE (PAE400-Cd), respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed that Cd exposure significantly inhibited the growth performance of largemouth bass, caused liver dysfunction and pathological tissue damage, led to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, and induced the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway genes. However, PAE supplementation (200–400 mg/kg) significantly improved the growth performance of largemouth bass. In addition, 200–400 mg/kg PAE reduced the serum levels of hepatic injury biomarkers (AKP, ALT, LDH, and AST) and alleviated histopathological lesions. Furthermore, PAE200-Cd increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver. Moreover, PAE200-Cd and PAE400-Cd down-regulated the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (NF-κB p65), ErbB1, and cellular FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (C-fos) in the liver. PAE200-Cd significantly increased the expression of cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A (CYP1A1) and downregulated the expression of metallothionein (MT) and cysteine-aspartic proteases-9 (Caspase-9). The optimal PAE dose for counteracting waterborne Cd-induced growth impairment and hepatic oxidative stress was 173.37–173.90 mg/kg for largemouth bass.
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高影响因子
Aquaculture Reports
·
2026
·
IF 3.7
Dexiang Feng,Xiaotong Si,Wenxuan Liu,Pengwei Xun,Qianqian Huang,Mingzhu Liu,Ming Li
Naringenin (NGN), a flavonoid compound abundantly found in citrus fruits, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative activities, and hypolipidemic properties. However, nowadays, NGN is mainly used to inhibit the occurrence of viral diseases in aquatic animals by injection as an immunosuppressant, and its safety and other physiological effects as a feed additive have not been sufficiently investigated. This study elucidates how naringenin (NGN) mitigates the negative impacts exerted by a high-fat diet (HFD) on Largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) from hepatic and intestinal perspectives. After an 8-week feeding trial, the NGN groups had a significant effect on growth performance compared to the HFD group, and significantly decreased the lipid content of the whole body. Secondly, NGN significantly decreased the levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol in serum compared with the HFD group, down-regulated the lipogenesis-related genes, and significantly up-regulated the lipolysis-related genes. Furthermore, hepatic injury markers alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were also significantly decreased. Additionally, NGN significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the liver, down-regulated the gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and up-regulated the anti-inflammatory factors. There were remarkable changes in the structure of the gut microbiota, where the biomarker of the Na1 group was Dyella , and the main ones in the Na2 group were Asinibacterium , Methylovirgula , Mesorhizobium, and Meiothermus . The function of the gut microbiota in the NGN was more enriched in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway compared to the high-fat diet. To conclude, the supplementation of NGN to HFD can significantly reduce hepatic lipid deposition and alleviate liver damage, as well as improve gut health status. Among them, the addition of 0.007 % naringenin exhibited a better effect. The results of this study will be used to help reduce the negative effects of an HFD within the aquaculture sector and hold the potential to be regarded as a promising eco-friendly feed additive for aquaculture.
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高影响因子
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 3.2
Xiaonan Sun,Tian Yang,Hongzhou Xu,Di Wang,Yuanjiang Jin,Huanjie Li,Yuxin Shen,Xiaoqiang Liu,Haixia Liu
E. faecium L6 harbors biosynthetic gene clusters encoding diverse bioactive metabolites. • Dietary CFS supplementation improved growth performance by enhancing antioxidant capacity, innate immunity, and intestinal barrier integrity in largemouth bass. • CFS reshaped the intestinal microenvironment by enriching beneficial bacteria and functional metabolites. • CFS significantly increased survival following A. veronii challenge through modulation of inflammatory responses. Probiotics are widely used to promote fish health. However, the application of live probiotics is limited by poor stability and potential safety concerns. Postbiotics have drawn increasing attention because they may provide beneficial effects without the limitations associated with live bacteria. This study investigated the effects of probiotic (live Enterococcus faecium L6, LEF) and postbiotics (cell-free supernatant, CFS, and heat-killed E. faecium L6, HKEF) on growth performance, intestinal health, and disease resistance in Micropterus salmoides ( M. salmoides ). A 56-day feeding trial was conducted, followed by an Aeromonas veronii ( A. veronii ) challenge test. Growth parameters, intestinal morphology, antioxidant and non-specific immune enzyme activities, inflammatory cytokine expression, intestinal microbiota composition, and metabolomic profiles were analyzed. Both LEF and CFS significantly improved final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate while decreasing the feed conversion ratio, whereas HKEF had no significant effect. LEF and CFS improved intestinal barrier integrity by increasing villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio, and by up-regulating ZO -1, Claudin -1, and Occludin . Antioxidant (SOD, CAT) and non-specific immune (ACP, AKP, LZM) activities were also significantly elevated in the LEF and CFS groups. After A. veronii challenge, survival rates were significantly higher in the LEF (55.0%) and CFS (60.0%) groups compared with the PBS control (30.0%). The improved resistance was associated with reduced intestinal pathogen loads and a balanced inflammatory response, characterized by down-regulated TNF-α and IL-1β and up-regulated IL-10 . Furthermore, CFS reshaped the intestinal microbiota and increased functional metabolites. In conclusion, E. faecium L6-derived CFS conferred growth-promoting and disease-protective effects comparable to, or stronger than, its live probiotic counterpart, supporting its potential as a stable and effective postbiotic strategy for enhancing fish health. Download: Download high-res image (96KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 2.7
Xialian Bu,Yuwen Dong,Lei Huang,Weisong Ma,Xianqi Peng,Xuemei Yuan,Jing Chen,Jinbiao Jiao,Chen Niu,Xinzhi Weng,Jiayun Yao
A Trypanosoma infection model was established in largemouth bass. • Metronidazole cleared trypanosomes in most fish and prevented fish mortality. • Acute toxicity showed its safety to largemouth bass. • Metronidazole may inhibit trypanosome growth by enhancing host immune responses and strengthening antioxidant capacity. Outbreaks of trypanosomiasis in cage-cultured large yellow croaker in China has caused significant economic losses, however, to date, there are no effective drugs available for the prevention and treatment of this disease. Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole derivative with a wide range of biological activity ranging from antiparasitic to antibacterial, and is especially useful for the treatment of anaerobic protozoan infections. Nevertheless, studies on its efficacy against protozoan parasites in aquatic animals are lacking. In this study, an efficacy trial of metronidazole against trypanosomes isolated from large yellow croaker was conducted, based on the established infection model using largemouth bass, with an intraperitoneal injection dose of 10⁵ cells/mL (100 μL per fish) and maintained at 25°C. The in vivo anti-parasitic efficacy results showed that 300 mg/kg metronidazole significantly reduced the trypanosomes load, resulting in complete parasite clearance in most fish (88.9%) and prevented mortality of fish (95.56%). Acute toxicity test results indicated that 1500 mg/kg metronidazole remained safe for largemouth bass. Meanwhile, histopathological analysis revealed that in the 300 mg/kg metronidazole-treated group, the number of red blood cells increased and their morphology normalized in the liver, spleen, and head kidney. Besides, enzyme activity assays proved the differential expression of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) among the positive control (PC), negative control (NC), and metronidazole-treated groups. qPCR results showed that metronidazole can increase the expression level of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β, and IL-10. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the promising efficacy of metronidazole against fish trypanosomiasis, laying a solid theoretical and practical basis for controlling aquatic animal parasitic diseases.
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高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Chengrong Liu,Kuiquan Pan,Hongzhou Xu,Yanzhen Song,Xiaoyu Qi,Yitong Lu,Xinxin Jiang,Haixia Liu
Antibiotic residues in the aquaculture environments may lead to antibiotic resistance, and potentially exert adverse effects on health of the non-target organisms and humans. In order to evaluate the effect of enrofloxacin of environmental concentrations on largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Two hundred and seventy largemouth basses (with an average weight of 7.88 ± 0.60 g) were randomly divided into three groups, and separately exposed to 0, 1, 100 μg/L enrofloxacin (Control, ENR1, ENR100) for 30 days to detect the effect of enrofloxacin on the growth performance, oxidative stress , intestinal microbiota structure, inflammatory response and structure of the intestine. The results showed that ENR significantly reduced the final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WGR), and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.05). The histopathological analysis revealed that the villus width and muscular thickness of anterior intestine were significantly decreased with the increasing of enrofloxacin concentration. The activity of SOD was significantly increased at enrofloxacin stress, while CAT and POD activity were significantly decreased compared to control group ( P < 0.05). The activities of lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and peroxidase (POD) in ENR1 was higher than that of control and ENR100 groups. Enrofloxacin treatment up-regulated the expression IL-1β and TNF-α , and down-regulated IL-10 , and decreasing the expression level ZO-1 , claudin-1, and occludin . Furthermore, the enrofloxacin treatment significantly decreased the intestinal bacterial diversity ( P < 0.05). Exposure to 100 μg/L enrofloxacin obviously increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Zixibacteria of fish gut, and reduced Firmicutes; 1 μg/L enrofloxacin considerably increased Bacteroidota, Myxococcota, and Actinobacteria, and reduced Firmicutes. The relative abundance of DTB120 and Elusimicrobiota was positively correlated with the occludin and claudin-1 gene. Taken together, exposure to enrofloxacin inhibited the growth of largemouth bass, influenced intestinal health, and induced dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota.
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高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Nanhai Xiao,Xiuzhen Zhou,Yi Zhang,Tao Liu,Yiwei Jiang,Sami Ullah,Jing Wang,Fengqin Feng,Minjie Zhao
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of antibacterial peptides from Brevibacillus texasporus (BT) on the growth performance, meat quality and gut health of cultured largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Largemouth bass (36.17 ± 1.52 g) were divided into 2 groups and each group was fed with diets supplemented with or without 200 ppm of BT peptides for 130 days. The results showed that BT peptides had no significant influences on growth performance and body indexes, but significantly enhanced total antioxidant capacity and lysozyme content in the serum. Moreover, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal villous height were also prominently increased. From meat quality aspect, no significant differences were found in nutritional components, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and texture property, except the values of hardness, gumminess and γ-linolenic acid (C18:3n6) were remarkably increased after BT peptides intervention. Finally, the results of gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids revealed that BT peptides significantly decreased the relative abundances of harmful bacteria such as genus Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas , and increased the production of short chain fatty acids. In conclusion, this study confirmed that BT peptides could be used to improve the health of largemouth bass, which provided novel insights into the application of antimicrobial peptides in aquacultures.
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高影响因子
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 3.6
Duan Yunping,Liu Hui,Zhang Weichuan,Pei Zhuo,Huang Yong
In this study, 360 healthy juvenile largemouth bass, averaging body weights of 11.26 ± 0.49 g, were randomly assigned to four experimental groups. These groups were exposed to water environments containing different concentrations of cadmium (Cd): 0 mg/L for the control (Con) group, 0.9804 mg/L for the low-cadmium (LCd) group, 1.9608 mg/L for the medium-cadmium (MCd) group, and 9.804 mg/L for the high-cadmium (HCd) group, over a duration of 21 days, to study how different levels of Cd impact the liver. Ultrastructural changes manifest as nuclear deformation, blurred cell membrane boundaries, mitochondrial swelling, matrix dissolution, cristae rupture, and disappearance. TUNEL analysis indicates that the apoptotic rate of hepatocytes increases with increasing Cd concentration. Compared with the Con group, serum biochemical results showed that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (GLU), and urea (UREA) were significantly elevated in the HCd group. With increasing Cd concentration, the activities of hepatic catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) were significantly altered, accompanied by a reduction in ATP content and an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Analysis of inflammatory gene expression showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) and downregulation of the anti-inflammatory gene IL-10. In addition, significant changes in the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes were observed in these Cd-exposed groups. Collectively, these findings consistently indicate that Cd exposure can lead to liver injury in largemouth bass by inducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Graphical
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高影响因子
MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 28
·期 2
·45
·
IF 2.8
Huang Zelin,Xiao Chuanbo,Liu Xia,Huang Junwa,Song Lv,Zhao Shenfu,Yang Dan,Gao Hujun,Ke Zhenlin,Li Yuxiao,Yang Lihua,Ye Hua,Yang Huijun,Luo Hui
This study investigated the effects of dietary formic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota composition, and transcriptomic profiles of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Four isonitrogenous (52.67% crude protein) and isolipidic (9.31% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: control (CG, 0.00% formic acid), FA1 (0.2%), FA2 (0.6%), and FA3 (1.0%). A total of 480 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 17.31 ± 0.10 g) were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of three replicate tanks (30 fish per tank). The fish were fed these diets for 9 weeks. The results showed that dietary formic acid significantly increased final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.2% formic acid significantly increased muscle and whole-body crude protein and lipid content, while improving mineral composition, fatty acid profiles, and amino acid profiles ( P < 0.05). Digestive enzymes activity, including pepsin and lipase in stomach and trypsin, lipase and Na + /K + -ATPase in intestine, was enhanced ( P < 0.05). Additionally, it elevated antioxidant activities (T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px) and serum immune parameters (LZM, ACP, and AKP activities, as well as TP and GLB contents) in M. salmoides . In terms of intestinal microorganisms, it was revealed that exogenous formic acid significantly changed intestinal microbial composition: decreased the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas ( P < 0.05); and increased the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus , Acinetobacter , and Cetobacterium ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the abundance of microbial functions related to nutrient metabolism increased significantly in FA1 group ( P < 0.05). Compared with CG group fish, both the most up-regulated DEGs and the most down-regulated DEGs were related to the cell cycle, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that exogenous formic acid influences host intestinal gene expression and the structure of the gut microbiota, and contributes to digestion and absorption capacity and health in M. salmoides .
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高影响因子
Animals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 11
·1658
·
IF 3.2
Zeping Fang,Chao Song,Shengyun Kang,Guoliang Ruan,Xiaofeng Huang
Simple SummaryCrayfish processing produces large amounts of shell by-products that could be used in aquafeeds, but their direct use is limited by poor digestibility and high chitin and ash contents. This study compared dried, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and fermented crayfish shell meals as partial replacements for fish meal in diets for juvenile largemouth bass. Dried crayfish shell meal reduced growth and caused less favorable intestinal and physiological responses. In contrast, fermented crayfish shell meal maintained growth performance comparable to the fish meal control and improved antioxidant status, intestinal enzyme activity, and gut microbiota. Enzymatic hydrolysis showed partial benefits but was less effective than fermentation. These results suggest that fermentation is a useful strategy for improving the feeding value of crayfish shell by-products and converting them into sustainable aquafeed ingredients.This study evaluated the effects of crayfish shell meal (CSM) processed by drying, enzymatic hydrolysis, or fermentation on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 320 fish (initial body weight, approximately 5.69 g) were distributed into 16 tanks, with 20 fish per tank and four replicates per treatment. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared: a fish meal-based control diet (FM) and three diets containing 4.5% dried CSM (DCSM), enzymatically hydrolyzed CSM (ECSM), or fermented CSM (FCSM), in which fish meal was reduced from 45.0% to 39.6%, and were fed for 8 weeks. Compared with the FM group, DCSM significantly reduced final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, and increased feed conversion ratio (p< 0.05). ECSM generally showed intermediate responses, whereas FCSM did not differ significantly from FM in these growth and feed utilization indices (p> 0.05). DCSM also significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels and induced a pro-inflammatory intestinal response, as indicated by decreasedil10and increasedil1bandtnfaexpression (p< 0.05). Compared with DCSM, FCSM significantly improved these serum and inflammatory indices, increased intestinal trypsin, Na+/K+-ATPase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities (p< 0.05), and showed more favorable antioxidant and gut microbiota responses. Overall, fermentation was more effective than enzymatic hydrolysis in improving the feeding value of CSM for largemouth bass. These results suggest that FCSM is a promising alternative ingredient for aquafeeds and may contribute to the high-value utilization of crayfish processing by-products.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）