PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Yonghua Zhang,Yuanzhen Tan,Qiuli OuYang,Bin Duan,Ziting Wang,Kuixian Meng,Xiaoli Tan,Nengguo Tao
The volatility of essential oils greatly limits their industrial applications. Here, we successfully prepared γ -cyclodextrin ( γ -CD) inclusion compounds ( γ -CDTL) containing thymol (TL) for the control of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum ( P. digitatum ) in citrus fruit. In vitro experiment showed that the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of γ -CDTL against the hyphae growth of P. digitatum was 2.0 g/L, and 8 × MFC treatment significantly reduced the occurrence of green mold in citrus fruit and had no adverse effect on fruit quality in vivo test compared to prochloraz. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), physical properties and sustained release properties were also performed, results indicated that the hydrogen bonds between TL and γ -CD were the basis for the formation of γ -CDTL. We further investigated the inhibition mechanism of γ -CDTL. SEM and TEM experiments showed that γ -CDTL treatment caused severe damage to the hyphal morphology and cells in 30 min and disrupted the permeability of P. digitatum mycelial cell walls by increasing the chitinase activity, thus accelerating the leakage of intracellular lysates. However, the integrity of the cell membrane was obviously damaged only after 60 min of treatment. In conclusion, we prepared a novel inclusion complex γ -CDTL with obvious antifungal effects and preliminarily elucidated its inclusion mechanism and antifungal mechanism. γ -CDTL might be a potent alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling the postharvest decay of citrus.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
·
药理学
·
植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 28
·期 8
·3398
·
IF 4.6
Na Li,Hongyue Zhang,Min Cui,Jujie Ren,Jingru Huang,Bao Sun,Haiyan Zhao,Cong Zhang
In this study, the preparation of covalent polyoxometalate organic frameworks (CPOFs) is introduced using the idea of polyoxometalate and covalent organic frameworks. Firstly, the prepared polyoxometalate was functionalized with an amine group (NH2-POM-NH2), and then the CPOFs were prepared by a solvothermal Schiff base reaction with NH2-POM-NH2and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde (Tp) as monomers. After the incorporation of PtNPs and MWCNTs into the CPOFs material, the PtNPs-CPOFs-MWCNTs nanocomposites, which possess excellent catalytic activity and electrical conductivity, were formed and utilized as new electrode materials for the electrochemical thymol sensors. The obtained PtNPs-CPOFs-MWCNTs composite exhibits excellent activity toward thymol, which is attributable to its large special surface area, good conductivity and the synergistic catalysis of each component. Under optimal experimental conditions, the sensor presented a good electrochemical response to thymol. The sensor shows two good linear relationships between the current and thymol concentration in the range of 2–65 μM (R2= 0.996) and 65–810 μM (R2= 0.997), with the corresponding sensitivity of 72.7 μA mM−1and 30.5 μA mM−1, respectively. Additionally, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.2 μM (S/N = 3). At the same time, the prepared thymol electrochemical sensor revealed superior stability and selectivity. The constructed PtNPs-CPOFs-MWCNT electrochemical sensor is the first example of thymol detection.Keywords:polyoxometalate;CPOFs;thymol sensor;electrochemistry
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Yang Mengyao,Jiao Xiangyu,Du Haiyu,Chong Xiaona,Liu Guotao,Zhu Zhu,Wen Yongqiang
In recent years, active packaging based on nanofibers that enables on-demand release of antimicrobial agents has attracted significant attention. However, traditional systems responsive to pH or enzymes demand direct contact between nanofibers and fruit to trigger antimicrobial release, limiting their practical use as they cannot easily cover individual fruits, risking microbial growth in non-contact zones. This study introduces a novel light-responsive antimicrobial packaging material, THY@PLA/CuS-LA, consisting of porous PLA nanofibers loaded with thymol (THY), embedded with Copper(II) sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles, and further coated with a thermos responsive lauric acid (LA) layer. Under NIR light, this design enables non-contact, on-demand release of the antimicrobial agent THY. SEM and TEM confirmed the successful incorporation of CuS nanoparticles and THY. Upon exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light, the CuS nanoparticles heated the nanofibers to 41.7 °C, triggering the phase transition of the LA coating and releasing THY. The nanofibers exhibited NIR-triggered, "on–off" controlled release of THY. Antimicrobial assays revealed enhanced antibacterial activity upon NIR activation, with inhibition zones increasing by 29.2% for E. coli (from 23.3 ± 1.0 mm to 30.1 ± 0.8 mm) and 72.5% for S. aureus (from 32.0 ± 0.9 mm to 55.2 ± 2.9 mm), indicating a superior on-demand antimicrobial response. Strawberry preservation trials showed that the group exposed to intermittent NIR light had no visible spoilage after 5 days. This study demonstrates the successful development of NIR-responsive nanofiber films for controlled release of antimicrobial agents, offering a promising solution for fresh fruit preservation without direct contact.
研究领域:
食品科学与技术
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纳米材料
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活性包装
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可控释放
·
抗菌材料
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Xiaomin Zhao,Yunfei Zhang,Li Chen,Zhiqing Ma,Bin Zhang
The practical application of essential oils (EOs) as an alternative for synthetic pesticides in agricultural production is severely limited because of their instability, high volatility, and water insolubility. Nanoencapsulation of EOs is an important strategy to overcome these limitations. In view of this, this study aimed to develop chitosan-thymol nanoparticle (NCS-Thy) with pH-responsive which can be used as an intelligent botanical fungicide to control Botrytis cinerea . The NCS-Thy nanoparticle was prepared by ionic crosslinking method with the loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of 29.87% and 41.92%, respectively. The synthesized NCS-Thy nanoparticle was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, transmission electron microscopy observation, and dynamic lights scattering . The results of release kinetics and antifungal activity of NCS-Thy under different pH conditions were determined. The results showed that the NCS-Thy nanoparticle had excellent pH-responsiveness and can release more thymol under acidic conditions formed by B. cinerea , thereby achieving higher antifungal effects. Therefore, compared with unencapsulated thymol, the NCS-Thy nanoparticle had higher antifungal activity against B. cinerea in vitro . In addition, both the protective and curative efficacies of detached leaf test and pot experiment were significantly higher than those of unencapsulated thymol. Among them, the protective efficacy of NCS-Thy in the pot experiment was 78.73%, which was significantly higher than that of unencapsulated thymol with 61.13%. Therefore, the pH-responsive chitosan-thymol nano-preparation had a promising prospect of application in practical management of gray mold as an intelligent botanical fungicide.
研究领域:
农业科学
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纳米技术
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植物病理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Xi Wei,Jing Xie,Tingting Tang,Shanshan Lei,Weirui Fang,Yuxin Liu,Jiayi Zheng,Jing Wu,Xiaoyi Zhu,Wen Qin,Mingrui Chen,Yaowen Liu
This study developed a novel microcapsule-containing thymol (THY) coating to stabilize anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest blueberries and to elucidate its underlying regulatory mechanism. The microcapsules were fabricated using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) modified with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) and sucrose fatty acid ester (SE-15). An orthogonal experimental design was employed to optimize the preparation process. The optimized controlled-release coating stabilized THY release while enhancing its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Among the coatings with different THY concentrations, the coating containing 30 mg·L⁻¹ THY (CR-30) most effectively preserved blueberry quality and promoted anthocyanin accumulation by regulating the activity of key enzymes related to anthocyanin metabolism. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of the CR-30 treatment identified 20 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), which were enriched in anthocyanin, flavonoid, and related biosynthesis pathways, alongside 21 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, key differential transcription factors, including MYB, WRKY, and bHLH, showed significant correlations with the DAMs and DEGs, highlighting their regulatory roles in anthocyanin metabolism. This study elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of THY on anthocyanin metabolism, providing a theoretical foundation for the development of innovative postharvest quality management technologies in blueberries.
研究领域:
食品科学
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采后生物学
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植物生理学
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分子生物学
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天然产物化学
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食品保鲜技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 2.6
Jieming Dong,Hongyu Zhang,Zhixiang Ding,Junyao Li,Laidi Xu,Yong Kong,Guojun Zheng
A molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was facilely fabricated for the detection of thymol (THY). o -Phenylenediamine (oPD) was used as the functional monomer and electropolymerized on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by using THY as the templates. After the THY templates were removed with 50 % (v/v) ethanol, imprinted cavities complementary to the templates were formed within the poly( o -phenylenediamine) (PoPD) films. The resultant molecularly imprinted PoPD/GCE (MI-PoPD/GCE) was used for the detection of THY, and a wide linear range from 0.5 to 100 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.084 μM were obtained under the optimal conditions. The developed MI-PoPD/GCE also displays high selectivity , reproducibility and stability for THY detection. Finally, the content of THY in the real samples was accurately determined by the as-fabricated MI-PoPD/GCE, demonstrating its high practicability and reliability.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
生物医学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Mengxue Diao,Ziwei Li,Runhao Zhou,Xiaoxia Yan,Tiehua Zhang
Thymol showed good antimicrobial activity, however, the poor aqueous solubility limits it to apply in food industry. α-Lactalbumin can be used to delivery hydrophobic molecules, then enhancing their biological activities. The study investigates the potential of α-lactalbumin to expand the application range of thymol, further to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the α-lactalbumin-thymol complexation. Multi-spectroscopy techniques and computational simulations have confirmed the successful complexation, driving mainly by van der Waals force. The α-lactalbumin-thymol complexation exhibited the superior antimicrobial activity than thymol against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus , as indicated by lower or comparable minimum inhibitory concentration (336 μg/mL and 224 μg/mL, respectively), fewer colony forming units, and larger inhibition zone diameters. Furthermore, α-lactalbumin enhanced the degree of membrane damage by thymol. The complexation preserved no obvious cytotoxicity against HeLa cells. This study indicates that the α-lactalbumin-thymol complexation chelates hold promise as natural antimicrobial agents in the food processing industry.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
·
药理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
·
2021
·Vol. 102
·期 4
·1561-1568
·
IF 3.639
Ruge Cao,Xinru Liu,Xuqing Zhai,Lili Wang,Zhongkai Zhou
BACKGROUND Thymol (Thy) is a natural bioactive agent which possesses various properties and has been widely used in medicine and food industries. However, its poor bioavailability can limit its application. RESULTS In this study, Thy was interacted with chitooligosaccharide (COS) as Thy–COS complex via an ionic crosslinking method using sodium tripolyphosphate as a crosslinker. The characteristics and thermal stability of Thy–COS were evaluated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis, and its antioxidant and antibacterial properties were also evaluated. The highest loading capacity of Thy (52.3%) in Thy–COS formed at mass ratio of 1:5. Results indicated the Thy–COS complex was formed mainly by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Upon complexation, the thermal stability, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Thy were significantly improved. Thy–COS complex was made into a coated film for Nanguo pears and greatly improved its storage quality. Thy–COS delayed the weight loss and softening of Nanguo pears and kept more vitamin-C content (2.12 mg (100 g) −1 ). CONCLUSION In conclusion, Thy–COS was successfully prepared and improved antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Thy, which has great potential in the food industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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DOI
高影响因子
TOXICOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·
IF 0.795
Beibei Liu,Bing Chen,Jing Zhang,Ping Wang,Gang Feng
In this study, the environmental fate of thymol, including hydrolysis, aqueous photolysis, soil sorption and soil degradation, was studied under conditions that simulated the tropical agricultural environment. This study was undertaken to supply basic information for evaluating the environmental risks of applying this new botanical pesticide to tropical crop production. The results showed that the hydrolysis of thymol was pH-dependent and accelerated by acidic conditions and high temperatures. However, the hydrolysis rate was far lower than the aqueous photolysis rate, indicating that direct photolysis is an important dissipation pathway for thymol in water. The sorption of thymol by three tropical soils was consistently well described by the Freundlich model, and the sorption coefficients increased in the order sandy soil < loamy soil < clay soil, a characterization that depended on the organic carbon contents of the soil. The soil degradation rate of thymol decreased in the order sandy soil > loamy soil > clay soil, which has a negative correlation with the sorption of thymol in soils. We concluded that the degradation rates of thymol in tropical soil and water are fast: thymol in water is photodegraded (50%) by sunlight within 28 h, and the thymol in soils is degraded (50%) within 8.4 d. Therefore, the environmental risk to the surrounding soils and water of thymol application for tropical crop production is low.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
农药学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Song Lingyong,Li Weize,Hu Zhizhong,Lv Yangbo,Liu Jincang,Cheng Feng,Xu Chunping
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial strategies. This study developed and optimized thymol-loaded nanoemulsions (TNE) as a standardized, reproducible alternative to variable essential oil formulations using central composite design. The optimal formulation comprised 4.6% oil phase, 18.5% surfactant, and 2.5:1 surfactant-to-cosurfactant ratio, yielding nanoemulsions with particle size of 25.51 ± 0.15 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.114 ± 0.008, and zeta potential of − 2.73 ± 0.12 mV. TNE demonstrated consistent antimicrobial activity with MIC values of 15 mg/mL against MRSA and other bacterial strains. Comprehensive mechanistic studies using five complementary assays revealed that TNE exerts antimicrobial effects through multiple membrane-targeting pathways, including membrane permeabilization, depolarization, hydrophobicity alteration, and rigidity modulation. The multi-target mechanism suggests reduced likelihood of resistance development compared to conventional single-target antibiotics. These findings demonstrate that systematically optimized thymol nanoemulsions represent a promising standardized platform for combating multidrug-resistant infections, offering enhanced stability, controlled release characteristics, and reduced resistance potential.
研究领域:
制药纳米技术
·
抗菌研究
·
药物递送系统
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微生物学
·
制剂优化
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2021
·
IF 9.381
Tiantian Min,Xiaoli Sun,Liping Zhou,Haiyu Du,Zhu Zhu,Yongqiang Wen
Pathogenic microorganisms posed perniciousness for postharvest fruits and vegetables, as well as brought potential risks for human health. In this work, pullulan/polyvinyl alcohol (PUL/PVA) nanofibers incorporated with thymol-loaded porphyrin metal-organic framework nanoparticles ( [email protected] NPs) were developed for antibacterial food packaging. PCN-224 MOFs not only act as thymol loading carriers but also highly produce singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) with bactericidal activity . PUL/PVA nanofiber was a promising sustainable substrate because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility and biodegradability . The loading capacity of PCN-224 for thymol was about 20%. The [email protected] /PUL/PVA nanofibers exhibited synergistic antibacterial activities against E. coli (~99%) and S. aureus (~98%) under light irradiation . The cell viability assays and fruit preservation study demonstrated good biosafety of the polymeric film. The results suggested that this novel nanofiber has potential application prospects for food packaging.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
食品科学
·
生物技术
·
纳米技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Mengnan Liu,Zhilong Zhou,Heqi Gao,Jiangfei Li,Jiayu Wang,Haitian Zhao,Zhongjun Cheng,Weihong Lu
Antimicrobial packaging has received extensive attention due to its significant role in ensuring food safety. However, direct contact between liquid foods and antibacterial surfaces often causes food residue and affects the release of antibacterial agents, ultimately deteriorating antibacterial performance. Here, we report a strategy to overcome this imperfection by grafting PDMS molecular brushes onto the thymol-loaded polylactic acid (PLA) films. The PDMS molecular brushes provide the surface with low adhesion to various food droplets (e.g., cola, milk, and vinegar). The sliding angles (SA) for these food droplets are all less than 30°. Meanwhile, it does not affect the release of the antibacterial agent (thymol). Based on these advantages, the film shows enhanced stability in its antibacterial properties, with bactericidal rates against E. coli and S. aureus reaching nearly 100%. The excellent antibacterial performance can be maintained even after contact with liquid foods, as evidenced by the nearly unchanged inhibition zones against E. coli and S. aureus (e.g., the diameter of the inhibition zone against S. aureus is slightly changed from 1.87 nm to 1.83 nm). Moreover, the optimal conditions to fabricate the film were also discussed in detail, such as the content of thymol, the alkaline hydrolysis time, the temperature and time for grafting PDMS molecular brushes. The work reports a strategy to guarantee stable release of the antibacterial agent through grafting PDMS molecular brushes onto packaging films, thereby effectively prolonging the shelf life of liquid foods.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）