Arab Journal of Gastroenterology
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2024
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IF 1.1
Yang Wang,Jian Yao,Yulin Zhu,Zhenzhen Yin,Xuejiao Zhao
Background and study aims The integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine holds promise for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, which are influenced by intestinal microbiota and metabolites. This study reports a possible mechanism for the combination of Simo Decoction and Golden Bifid in functional dyspepsia (FD) by regulating intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Patients and Methods A mouse model of food stagnation was constructed and treated with Simo Decoction combined with different concentrations of Golden Bifid. Meta-genomics sequencing was conducted to analyze the cecum contents of the mice. Following analyses of the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to measure SCFAs in the colonic content of mice. Finally, ELISA was utilized to determine the levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the duodenal mucosa of mice and the infiltration of eosinophils in the duodenum was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results Combination of Simo Decoction and Golden Bifid more significantly alleviated dyspepsia in mice with food stagnation compared with Simo Decoction alone. The optimal ratio of combined treatment was 0.0075 mL/g (body weight) Simo Decoction and 0.0032 mg/g (body weight) Golden Bifid. The combined treatment increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in the intestine. The levels of SCFAs in the colonic contents of mice were increased after the combined treatment, contributing to diminished pro-inflammatory factors in the duodenal mucosa and reduced eosinophil infiltration. Conclusion Combination of Simo Decoction and Golden Bifid increases the abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium and promotes the production of SCFAs, which is instrumental for alleviation of FD.
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Foods
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2024
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IF 4.7
Yang Zhang,Lei Zeng,Kehui Ouyang,Wenjun Wang
In this study, a new component of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides (CPP20) was precipitated by the gradient ethanol method, and the protective effect of CPP20 on hypercholesterolemia mice was investigated. In vitro, CPP20 had the ability to bind bile salts and inhibit cholesterol micelle solubility, and it could effectively clear free radicals (DPPH•, •OH, and ABTS+). In vivo, CPP20 effectively alleviated hypercholesterolemia and liver damage in mice. After CPP20 intervention, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) and the level of HDL-C in liver and serum were increased, and the activity of aminotransferase (ALT and AST) and the level of MDA, TC, TG, LDL-C, and TBA were decreased. Molecular experiments showed that CPP20 reduced cholesterol by regulating the mRNA expression of antioxidation-related genes (SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT) and genes related to the cholesterol metabolism (CYP7A1, CYP27A1, SREBP-2, HMGCR, and FXR) in liver. In addition, CPP20 alleviated intestinal microbiota disturbances in mice with hypercholesterolemia and increased levels of SCFAs. Therefore, CPP20 alleviates hypercholesterolemia by alleviating oxidative damage, maintaining cholesterol homeostasis, and regulating gut microbiota.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 8.5
Xinmiao Wang,Qian Wang,Dong Cai,Jinghan Yu,Xuan Chen,Xu Guo,Peiyong Tong,Xiaoyang Liu,Fawen Yin,Dayong Zhou
HPLC-UV analysis was used to evaluate the enzymatic degradation characteristics of tyrosol acyl esters (TYr-Es) and alkyl gallates (A-GAs). Among various hydrolytic enzymes, TYr-Es can be hydrolyzed by pancrelipase, while A-GAs cannot be hydrolyzed by pancrelipase. Interestingly, carboxylesterase-1b (CES-1b), carboxylesterase-1c (CES-1c) and carboxylesterase-2 (CES-2) are able to hydrolyze TYr-Es and A-GAs, and thus to liberate tyrosol (TYr) and gallic acid (GA). By contrast, the degrees of hydrolysis (DHs) of TYr-Es and A-GAs by CES-1b and CES-1c were significantly higher than those by CES-2. Meanwhile, the DHs of TYr-Es were much higher than those of A-GAs. Especially, the DHs firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing alkyl chain length. Besides, DHs positively correlated with the unsaturation degree at the same chain length. Through regulating carbon length, unsaturation degree and the ester bond structure, controlled-release of phenolic compounds and fatty acids (or fatty alcohols) from phenolic esters will be easily achieved.
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JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
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2025
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IF 3.1
Qiuyi Jing,Hong Pan,Xiaoli Li,Yaya Fan,Jingshan Shi,Chao Fang,Fuguo Shi
Catalpol, an iridoid glycoside, exhibits potent and versatile pharmacological effects. It is a promising drug candidate for treating ischemic stroke. However, its drug metabolism and disposition remain poorly understood, which hinders a better understanding of its mode of action. Here, we elucidated the intriguing metabolic characteristics of catalpol in rats. Catalpol underwent sequential metabolism mainly in the intestine, resulting in 31 stable metabolites and 8 unstable dialdehyde metabolites. Twelve glucosyl-containing metabolites were generated through the direct metabolism of catalpol. Eleven deglycosylated metabolites were primarily derived from catalpol aglycone metabolism. Seven N -heterocyclic metabolites originated from aglycone metabolites. Eight unstable and reactive dialdehyde metabolites were formed by the ring-opening of the hemiacetal reaction in aglycone metabolites. Eleven metabolic pathways were involved in catalpol metabolism. All eight dialdehyde metabolites were produced in the intestine through the sequential metabolism of catalpol. Notably, five dialdehyde metabolites could covalently bind to the proteins in the intestine. The dialdehyde metabolites were primarily derived from didehydroxylated and acetylated aglycone. Catalpol could improve the levels of gut bacterial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids. In conclusion, catalpol underwent extensive and sequential metabolism, generating 31 stable metabolites and 8 reactive dialdehyde metabolites. Five dialdehyde metabolites enable covalent protein modification in the intestine, which may be vital to the potent and versatile pharmacological effects of catalpol.
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INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2024
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IF 4.8
Chenlu Huo,Shuang Li,Anting Liu,Yujie Hong,Yan Zhu
It has been reported that the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be ameliorated by acupuncture, an external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the immune mechanism underlying its action is elusive. Accordingly, this study investigated the role and mechanism of manual acupuncture (MA) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. The results demonstrated that MA or NaB treatment reduced Articular Index scores and right paw thickness and alleviated synovial inflammation and cartilage damage. MA or NaB treatment altered the content and relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyric and propionic acids, in feces. Additionally, MA or NaB treatment elevated SCD1, SREBP1, and GPX4 protein expression in synovial tissues and GSH-px contents in serum while decreasing ROS fluorescence intensity and MDA contents in peripheral blood. A linear correlation was found between the relative expression of SCD1 and SREBP1 in synovial tissues and the contents of propionic acids and butyric acids in feces, as well as between the contents of propionic acids and butyric acids. In summary, MA regulates butyric acids to inhibit ferroptosis, therefore suppressing inflammation in RA.
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APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 3.1
Li Keyan,Deng Fuli,Wang Yonghua,Wang Fanghua
Activation of fatty acids as acyl-adenylates by fatty acid-AMP ligase (FAAL) is a well-established process contributing to the formation of various functional natural products. Enzymatic characterization of FAALs is pivotal for unraveling both the catalytic mechanism and its role in specific biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and characterized a novel FAAL derived from marine Pseudoalteromonas citrea ( Pc FAAL). Pc FAAL was a cold-adapted neutral enzyme, demonstrating optimal activity at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Notably, its specific activity relied on the presence of Mg 2+ ; however, higher concentrations exceeding 10 mM resulted in inhibition of enzyme activity. Various organic solvents, especially water-immiscible organic solvents, demonstrated an activating effect on the activity of Pc FAAL on various fatty acids. The specific activity exhibited a remarkable 50-fold increase under 4% (v/v) n-hexane compared to the aqueous system. Pc FAAL displayed a broad spectrum of fatty acid substrate selectivity, with the highest specific activity for octanoic acid (C8:0), and the catalytic efficiency ( k cat / K m ) for octanoic acid was determined to be 1.8 nM −1 ·min −1 . Furthermore, the enzyme demonstrated biocatalytic promiscuity in producing a class of N-acyl amino acid natural products, as verified by LC-ESI MS. Results indicated that the Pc FAAL exhibits promiscuity towards 10 different kinds of amino acids and further demonstrated their potential value in the biosynthesis of corresponding functional N-acyl amino acids.
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Frontiers in Nutrition
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2024
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IF 4
Shi Yuxuan,Guo Shasha,Zhou Jihong,Xu Ping,Wang Yuefei
Introduction: Black tea, a beverage consumed worldwide, possesses favorable effects on gastrointestinal tract, including nourishing stomach and promoting digestion. Nevertheless, its specific effects on intestinal homeostasis remains inconclusive.Methods: We applied black tea to mice prior to inducing colitis with DSS and then monitored their body weight and disease activity index (DAI) daily. When sacrificed, we measured intestinal permeability and conducted analyses of mucin and tight junction proteins. We detected inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, and related inflammatory signaling pathways. In addition, the gut microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing, and the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also measured.Results: The results showed that black tea-treated group significantly rescued the DSS-disrupted intestinal structure. It reduced the relative abundance of the pathogenic bacterium Turicibacter, while increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria norank_f_Muribaculaceae and restored the contents of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. It also protected the intestinal barrier by reducing the levels of immune response-related factors (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) (e.g., ZO-1, occludin). Furthermore, black tea exhibited the capacity to suppress the expression of MMP-9 and ICAM-1, as well as to inhibit the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway.Discussion: Our findings provide a theoretical framework that elucidates the mechanisms by which black tea preserves intestinal homeostasis, highlighting its potential as a preventive strategy against intestinal disruptions. This study contributes to the understanding of the dietary effects of black tea on gastrointestinal health.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
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2024
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IF 6.3
Mengjie Pan,Xiaofeng Wang,Chengkai Gong,Dan Zhang,Yixing Zhao,Fan Li
Quasi two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites have shown huge potential for perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Nevertheless, the serious non-radiative recombination induced by numerous defects in polycrystalline quasi-2D perovskite films hinders their further development. Herein, three carboxyl-based additives with different molecular configurations, i.e. butyric acid (BAC), glutaric acid (GAC) and tricarballylic acid (TAC), are adopted as passivation agents for quasi-2D PeLEDs. Benefiting from the strong coordination interaction between –COOH and perovskites, the inclusion of carboxyl-based additives can effectively optimize film morphologies, regulate the distribution of small-n phases, passivate defects and enhance film stability. With the increase of the carboxyl group number and molecular spatial dimension of carboxyl-based additives, more compact and smoother quasi-2D perovskite films, together with narrower phase distribution, lower defect density and better stability, can be obtained. Consequently, the unpacked quasi-2D PeLED treated with TAC, which is tested in the ambient air with the relative humidity of about 50 %, delivers an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 14.21 % and prolonged operational lifetime (T 50 ) of 2160 s, while the pristine device only gives an EQE of 7.63 % and T 50 of 460 s. Our work provides guidance for boosting the performance of quasi-2D PeLEDs by rationally tailoring molecular configurations of carboxyl-based additives.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
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IF 5.7
Yaqiong Liu,Fang Wu,Ming Zhang,Yutong Jin,Xinlei Yuan,Yanling Hao,Lishui Chen,Bing Fang
Human milk oligosaccharides could prevent pathogenic bacterial infections in neonates; however, direct in vivo anti-infection evidence was still lacking. Here, we systematically evaluated the effects of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and 3′-sialyllactose (3′-SL) on the structural development and functional maturation in neonates and their defense against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. It was found that supplementation with 2′-FL and 3′-SL improved the resistance of weaned mice to enteroaggregative E. coli. The mechanism related to the promotion of 2′-FL and 3′-SL in the maturation of intestinal mucosal immunity by promoting stem cell differentiation, mucus layer integrity, and tight junction formation. 2′-FL and 3′-SL significantly increased the ratio of Th1 and Treg cells in the lamina propria, contents of short-chain fatty acids, as well as the serum content of IgA. This study lays a theoretical basis for the application of 2′-FL and 3′-SL in infant formula, as well as the development of intestinal health products.
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Food Bioscience
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2024
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IF 4.8
Lin Xi Huang,Fang Ting Gu,Yan Yu Zhu,Zi Chen Zhao,Jun Hui Li,Jian Yong Wu
Polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes mushrooms (LePS) are well-known for their immunomodulatory activities, which may have a functional connection with probiotic fermentation in the gut microbiota. This study was to evaluate the bifidogenic properties and impact of Bifidobacterial fermentation on the LePS molecules and immunoactivities. Two LePS fractions, LePS-40 (3.97 × 10 7 Da) and LePS-80 (1.43 × 10 5 Da) with differences in molecular weight (MW) and chemical composition were isolated from the mushroom hot-water extract and fermented with a Bifidobacterium breve strain. The higher-MW fraction LePS-40 was more significantly consumed and utilized by the bacteria for growth and acetic acid production during the fermentation, due probably to its higher total carbohydrate content and glucose-abundant composition. The Bifidobacterial fermentation caused a notable MW reduction of both LePS fractions and, more interestingly, also led to a higher immunostimulatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Further assessment of the separated fractions by ultrafiltration of the fermentation liquid (digesta) suggested that the immunoactivity was mainly attributed to the partially degraded LePS instead of the small-molecule metabolite products derived from the Bifidobacterial fermentation. In summary, monosaccharide composition was a more significant determinant than MW on the bifidogenic properties of LePS and the immunomodulatory activities after fermentation.
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Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2024
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IF 6.3
Yangyang Xie,Yingying Zhang,Honglei Fan,Jiahao Zhang,Qinglan Hao,Baojuan Dou,Xin Hu,Botao Teng
Adsorption is a promising strategy to remove harmful substances from Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) wastewater, and clarifying the adsorption mechanism is an important issue. In this paper, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different pore size were used for the adsorption of low-carbon alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol , butanol , pentanol) and acids (acetic acid, propanoic acid , butyric acid). After the micropores being occupied by chloroform , the percentage of micropores decrease is found to exhibit a positive correlation with adsorption capacity, indicating that the micropores dominanate the adsorption properties of alcohols and acids. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, the adsorption energy of pentanol is the largest and that of methanol is the smallest, in consistent with the experimental results. The similar polarity of pentanol with CNTs improves the adsorption property. Furthermore, with similar polarity, the kinetic diameter of adsorbate being close to the pore size is beneficial for improving adsorption behavior of CNTs.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Han Gao,Jinliu Xiao,Yun Wang,Yunkai Yu,Junzhang Wu,Jian Zhang,Zhiwei Wang,Shuangfei Wang,Qingliu Luo
An effective, economical, and eco-friendly pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is crucial for advancing biorefinery as a sustainable solution to fossil fuel scarcity and to support a circular economy. This study introduces a multifunctional deep eutectic solvent (multi-DES) system, created by combining analog volatile fatty acids (analog-VFAs) as hydrogen bond donors with choline chloride, to pretreat agricultural waste (agri-waste) and facilitate the production of nano-lignocellulose materials. The multi-DES pretreatment was optimized for varying durations and temperatures, achieving a maximum lignin removal rate of 74.1 % at 150 °C over 3 h. Subsequent ball milling yielded high-quality lignocellulosic nanofibers (LCNFs) with widths ranging from 10 to 15 nm and exhibiting excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. A life cycle assessment (LCA) confirmed the environmental benefits and practical viability of this biorefinery process. This approach effectively upgrades agri-waste into valuable LCNFs, enhancing biomass utilization with minimal environmental impact, and advancing the competitiveness of biorefineries.
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