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Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications · 2017 · IF 4.164

Near-infrared persistent luminescence phosphors ZnGa2O4:Cr3 + as an accurately tracker to photothermal therapy in vivo for visual treatment

Hongbin Chen,Bin Zheng,Chao Liang,Li Zhao,Ying Zhang,Huizhuo Pan,Wanying Ji,Xiaoqun Gong,Hanjie Wang,Jin Chang

The photothermal therapy agents induced by 808 nm near infrared light laser have good potential for photothermal therapy (PTT) in vivo, with the advantages of harmless treatment, minimally invasion, high efficiency and deep tissue penetration. For the traditional photothermal therapy agents, however, it was impossible to track them in vivo because of the low signal-to-noise ratio, so we cannot conduct the extra near infrared light laser to radiate tumors sites accurately. Herein, we introduce a new complex: indocyanine green (ICG), near-infrared persistent luminescence (PL) phosphors ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3   + (ZGC) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) (ICG@mZGC nanoparticles) were assembled for long-lasting optical imaging to guide PTT. The results revealed that the novel nanoparticle, ICG@mZGC, could lower signal-to-noise ratio, enable highly sensitive optical detection during optical imaging-guided PTT and perform a good effect of photothermal therapy in vivo, and thus providing possibilities for mZGC to improve the localization precision of tumor sites in photothermal therapy in the body.

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Current Analytical Chemistry · 2017 ·Vol. 13 ·期 3 ·250-255 · IF 1.306

Determination of Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in Traditional Chinese Medicine Shuanghuanglian Oral Liquid by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis

Luan Feng,Lu Yuxi,Tang Lili,Liu Huitao

Background: The safety and level of heavy metal ions in the traditional Chinese medicine has become an important topic. Most of the metal ions are carcinogens and lead to serious health concerns by producing free radicals. It is of great significance to develop simple and effective methods to determine heavy metal ions. The aim of this paper is to develop a CE-indirect UV method for the analysis of the four heavy metal ions for Chinese medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. Methods: The alternative CE method for separation and test of metal ions was developed in this paper, which can help control the safety and level of heavy metal ions in traditional Chinese medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. And the developed HPCE method showed superior analytical performance, including high sensitivity and good selectivity. Results: The experimental conditions of the CE separation method were: 5s hydrodynamic injection at 0.5 psi, 20 kV applied voltage, and UV detection at 218 nm. The results show that the migration time of all the four heavy metal ions was less than 6 min. The calibration curves for four heavy metal ions were linear in the range of 0.5-35 μg mL-1 with linear correlation coefficients of 0.9984-0.9999. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.08-0.61 μg mL-1 along with the recoveries of 93.0% to 109.5%. Conclusion: A simple, rapid and sensitive HPCE method has been developed to separate four heavy metal ions including Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in traditional Chinese medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid. The comprehensive analysis performance is satisfactory. The proposed HPCE method provides shorter analysis time and lower detection limit. The results demonstrated that the developed CE method can be potentially applied as an good alternative for quality control of TCM.

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ACS Applied Optical Materials · 2025 · IF 3.8

Comparative Study of Cr3+-Activated Garnet Ca2YZnMGe3O12 (M = Sc, In) Phosphors: Ultraefficient Near-Infrared Luminescence and Structure–Property Relationships

Chao Li,Jiyou Zhong

Near-infrared (NIR) phosphor-converted LED (pc-LED) has emerged as a smart light source for multifunctional applications, driving demand for developing high-performance NIR phosphors. However, the design rules for such materials have not been systematically established due to large differences in material systems, compositions, and crystal structures of currently developed materials. Herein, two isostructural and compositionally similar garnet-type phosphors Ca2YZnMGe3O12:Cr3+ (M = Sc, In) were designed and synthesized, which show markedly different performance characteristics, namely, upon 460 nm excitation, the Sc-based garnet achieved an ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY = 94.0%) and a superior thermal stability (I423 K/I298 K = 81.1%), while the In-base garnet showed a moderate performance (PLQY = 84.8%, I423 K/I298 K = 65.6%), providing an opportunity to reveal the discrepancy in structure and photoluminescence properties via a comparative study. Moreover, an NIR pc-LED device was fabricated by integrating the highly efficient Sc-based garnet with an InGaN LED, which demonstrated excellent performance in information encryption and night vision applications. Therefore, this work not only offers a high-performance NIR phosphor for multifunctional applications but also gives some inspirations for materials design by comparatively analyzing the correlations between structure and properties.

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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS · 2025 · IF 6.3

Structure and luminescence of Gd3Ga3MgSiO12:Cr3+ garnet phosphor with highly efficient broadband near-infrared emitting toward pc-LED application

Qinghong Meng,Yuning Zhang,Xiangming Li,Wanjun Yu,Zhijun Xu,Ji-Guang Li

Doping Gd 3 Ga 3 Al 2 O 12 :Cr 3+ with Mg 2+ /Si 4+ pair to develop Gd 3 Ga 3 – y Al 2 – 2 x Mg x Si x O 12 : y Cr 3+ ( x  = 0–1.0; y  = 0.005–0.05) new garnet solid solution was implemented for the regulation of structure and photoluminescence. Rietveld refinement, SEM/TEM, and UV-Vis-NIR/photoluminescence spectroscopy analysis clarified that Mg 2+ /Si 4+ incorporation increasing resulted in the enlargement of the unit cell, the expansion/larger distortion of [(Ga,Al,Mg,Cr)O 6 ] octahedron, the decrease of crystal field strength, red-shifting and broadening of emission band, and shortening decay times. The optimal Gd 3 Ga 2.97 MgSiO 12 :0.03Cr 3+ phosphor realized broadband NIR emission (centered at ∼760 nm, full-width at half-maximum ∼114 nm) under 450 nm light excitation and exhibited high quantum efficiency (IQE=71.0 %, EQE=29.4 %) and good thermal stability (78.5 %@423 K). The NIR pc-LED fabricated by combining this optimal phosphor with a 450 nm blue LED chip showed satisfactory output power (∼26.83 mW) and conversion efficiency (10.02 %) under a driving current of 100 mA, indicating that this phosphor has huge potential utilized in the construction of NIR pc-LED applied in night vision and noninvasive medical diagnosis.

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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS · 2026 · IF 6.7

Garnet-structured Y2CaGa4ZrO12:Cr3+ NIR phosphor with combined high efficiency and thermal stability toward constructing high-performance pc-NIR-LED

Qinghong Meng,Yuning Zhang,Xuejiao Wang,Xiangming Li,Wanjun Yu,Zhijun Xu,Ji-Guang Li

Broadband near-infrared (NIR) emission phosphor with combined high external quantum efficiency (EQE, >30%) and excellent thermal stability requires further inquiry. The crystal/band structure analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectra, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation for the Y 2 CaAl 4− x Ga x ZrO 12 garnets yielded a suitable x  = 4.0 host for the exploration of the novel Y 2 CaGa 4− y ZrO 12 : y Cr 3+ (YCAGZO:Cr) NIR phosphors. The comprehensive investigation using Rietveld refinement and photoluminescence spectroscopy produced the optimal YCAGZO:Cr ( x  = 4.0, y  = 0.04) phosphor with wideband NIR emission (center at ∼764 nm, bandwidth ∼137 nm), high EQE= 32.0% (absorption efficiency ∼43.3%), and outstanding thermal stability ( I 423 K / I 298 K =90.0%, Δ E a =0.36 eV). Further, the satisfactory luminescence (NIR output power of 34.78 mW and photoelectric conversion efficiency of 12.42% at 100 mA) and imaging performance of the fabricated pc-NIR-LED using this optimal garnet phosphor prove that this newly developed phosphor is a promising choice for constructing the pc-NIR-LED devices used in scenarios such as food quality detection, noninvasive medical inspection, and night vision.

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Materials Today Chemistry · 2022 · IF 7.613

A novel Cr3+-doped stannate far red phosphor for plant lighting: structure evolution, broad-narrow spectrum tuning and application prospect

S.J. Gai,C. Zhou,L. Peng,M.H. Wu,P.X. Gao,L.J. Su,M.S. Molokeev,Z. Zhou,M. Xia

Chemical unit cosubstitution is an effective strategy to regulate the luminescence properties of phosphors, and it has attracted huge attention in the last few years. Following the design principles of the match of effective ion radius, atomic valence equilibrium and stoichiometric substitution, the local structure of crystal can be well customized, which is beneficial to develop high-performance luminescent materials . In this work, Mg 2+ -Sn 4+ sites were cosubstituted by Zn 2+ -Ti 4+ ion pairs in Mg 2 SnO 4 : Cr 3+ , respectively, and the emission spectra was successfully serially tuned from broad-band to narrow-band along with a unique variation trend of blue shift first and then slightly red shift. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, lifetime decay, Raman spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were used to analyze the mechanism of luminescence tuning. Based on the manipulation of local structure, the as-observed distinct luminescence tuning can be well understood by the crystal field theory, nephelauxetic effect and changed Cr 3+ capacity in this phosphor. Moreover, the adjusted narrow-band far-red emission spectra peak at 732 nm, matching the characteristic absorption of plant phytochrome P FR , has broad application prospects in the field of plant growth lighting. In addition, light-regulated dwarf potted tomato experiments were carried out to verify the application of far-red light in plant growth.

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Journal of Materials Chemistry C · 2022 ·Vol. 10 ·期 48 ·18404-18414 · IF 8.067

Manipulating trap distribution and density by chemical unit cosubstitution for near-infrared persistent luminescent Zn1−2xLixGa2+xO4:Cr3+ solid solutions

Shaoxing Lyu,Pengshang Zhou,Jiaren Du,Xiaomeng Wang,Tengyue Wang,Panqin Wang,Henggang Wang,Shan Sun,Hengwei Lin

Near-infrared (NIR) emitting phosphors with persistent luminescence have attracted much interest in the past decade, due to their widespread applications in medical diagnostics, night-vision surveillance, multi-level anti-counterfeiting, and security encryption. Although NIR luminescent materials have been extensively investigated, it is challenging to explore novel phosphors or new compositions with tunable NIR persistent luminescence performance. Herein, chemical unit co-substitution is explored in a series of NIR emitting Zn1−2xLixGa2+xO4:Cr3+ solid solutions. Substitution with [Li+–Ga3+] for the [Zn2+–Zn2+] unit results in tunable emission in the deep-red and NIR regions coming from the typical Cr3+ emission of the 2E → 4A2 and 4T2 → 4A2 transition. Upon UV or X-ray irradiation, intense NIR persistent luminescence is realized and composition-related variation of trap distributions and densities are identified. Importantly, a higher trap density of the Cr3+-doped solid solutions (i.e., x = 0.2–0.4) than that of the benchmark NIR persistent phosphor of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ and LiGa5O8:Cr3+ is achieved. This work proves the feasibility of chemical unit co-substitution in developing new NIR persistent phosphors, which can motivate further exploration of luminescent materials with novel properties.

CAS / MDL: 12024-21-4
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INORGANIC CHEMISTRY · 2022 · IF 5.436

Cr3+-Sphere Effect on the Whitlockite-Type NIR Phosphor Sr9Sc(PO4)7 with High Heat Dissipation for Digital Medical Applications

Chun-Han Lu,Yi-Ting Tsai,Tzong-Liang Tsai,Ting-Shan Chan,Xuejie Zhang,Chun Che Lin

The analysis of human body composition and food composition requires high-efficiency broadband near-infrared (NIR) lighting sources to achieve a portable, appropriately sized equipment. Herein, we develop a whitlockite-type NIR phosphor Sr9Sc(PO4)7:Cr3+ with an emission centered at 860 nm and full width at half-maximum of 147 nm. Due to the structural characteristics of the matrix, the 60 mol % Cr3+ substitution at the Sc3+ sites gives an internal quantum efficiency up to 56.5%. By replacing Sr with Ba and Ca, we observe a nontypical spectral shift phenomenon and discuss the influence of the second-sphere effect on octahedral Cr3+ ions. To evaluate the diagnostic application, we design a NIR ceramic device with a high optical power of 27.38 mW and high heat dissipation, which can decrease surface working temperature by nearly 50 °C for digital intraoral application. This study provides the research of the second-sphere coordination effect for selective octahedral sites such as Ca, Sr, and Ba coordinated by O atoms on a whitlockite-type crystal. Furthermore, the device promotes a nonionizing solution for detecting dental caries, tooth calcification, and diagnostic application.

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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL · 2020 · IF 3.83

Co-existence of a Cr3+ phase (CaAl2Cr2O7) with hydraulic calcium aluminates at high temperature in the Al2O3–CaO–Cr2O3 system

Mithun Nath,Shengqiang Song,Ning Liao,Tengteng Xu,Hang Liu,Himansu Sekhar Tripathi,Yawei Li

Obtaining a stable Cr 3+ phase at higher temperatures in the presence of hydraulic calcium aluminates (the phases found in calcium aluminate cement, CAC) in the Al 2 O 3 –CaO–Cr 2 O 3 system remains a significant challenge in many application areas, as the formation of toxic, carcinogenic, and water-soluble Cr 6+ compounds often occur. To address the issue, recently, we synthesized a high-temperature stable Cr 3+ ternary compound (CaAl 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) with space group P3 (143). In the present work, we investigated the formation-stability of CaAl 2 Cr 2 O 7 with in-situ calcium aluminate phases at 1500 °C under the CO 2 atmosphere in the Al 2 O 3 –CaO–Cr 2 O 3 system through solid-oxide reactions route varying Cr 2 O 3 content (at constant Al 2 O 3 :CaO ratio). It co-existed with hydraulic calcium aluminates and other phases over the full investigated composition range of 2.76–68.3 mol% Cr 2 O 3 (5–80 wt%). Apart from CAC phases (CaAl 2 O 4 , CaAl 4 O 7 ), major Cr 3+ -phases are CaAl 2 Cr 2 O 7 and (Al,Cr) 2 O 3 while (α,β)-CaCr 2 O 4 and Ca(Al,Cr) 12 O 19 formed as minor phases. At a constant Al 2 O 3 :CaO ratio of 5.6:4.4 mol% (7:3 wt%), the formation of the CaAl 2 Cr 2 O 7 phase increases with Cr 2 O 3 content (up to the investigated composition of 26.43 mol%) and then decreases gradually. The solid solubility of Al and Cr in the CaAl 2 Cr 2 O 7 phase limited over a narrow range, and presumably dependent more on heat treatment condition rather than composition as reflected from the lattice parameter calculations. Though XRD revealed the presence of only Cr 3+ -phases in the partial CO 2 atmosphere, however, traces of Cr 6+ could be detected using XPS and leaching tests. However, leachable Cr 6+ content (0.095–1.252 mg/L) were much below the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) permissible limit of 5 mg/L. The formation mechanism of the CaAl 2 Cr 2 O 7 and other phases with plausible reactions were also discussed.

CAS / MDL: 1305-78-8 1308-38-9
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL · 2019 · IF 6.393

A portable device enabling fluorescent-to-electric resistant transduction for selective Cr3+ detection based on its slow ligand bind kinetics

Wang Li,Zihao Chen,Jiali Ren,Tao Yang,Qinlu Lin,Juewen Liu

Using simple and commonly available devices for signal reading has attracted much attention recently for DNA-based sensors. Most previous works focused on electrochemical or colorimetric signals. In this work, a portable device was structured by simple electronic and 3D-printed components to convert fluorescence signal to electric resistance with reading by a multimeter. To demonstrate its application, we took advantage of the slow ligand bind kinetics of Cr 3+ to promote DNA adsorption on metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs). Nanoceria (CeO 2 ), screened from a total of 13 kinds of MONPs, possesses high specificity for Cr 3+ from other metal ions. EDTA can mask other metal ions, while it cannot bind Cr 3+ quickly so that Cr 3+ promotes DNA adsorption and thus fluorescence quenching. The linear range is from 0 to 2 μM Cr 3+ with a LOD of 0.02 μM. Using common electronic components and the 3D-printed miniaturized device, the sensor to transfer fluorescence to electric resistant signal was also measured by a digital multimeter. In this case, the LOD is about 1 μM Cr 3+ . Such a strategy may provide a simple and general approach for fluorescent portable device fabrication and may find applications for other onsite sensing applications.

CAS / MDL: 518-47-8
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JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE · 2016 ·Vol. 26 ·期 3 ·977-985 · IF 1.601

Fluorescent Polyamide-Based Rhodamine Hydrazide Moieties with Oxethyl as Spacer for Detection of Cr3+, Fe3+, and Hg2+ Ions in Water

Geng Tong-Mou,Wang Xie,Jiang Hui,Song Wan,Ni Ruo-Fan,Chen Jian,Wang Yu

An acrylic monomer bearing xanthene group, N-oxethyl acrylate-N′-rhodamine B hydrazide (ARBHE) was synthesized from N-hydroxyl ethyl-N′-rhodamine hydrazide (RBHE) and acryloyl chloride (Ac) in the presence of triethylamine in dry dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) at room temperature. The synthesized ARBHE was identified by FTIR, 1 H NMR spectra and elementary analysis. Copolymer poly(AM-ARBHE) of ARBHE and AM was synthesized with thermal initiator by free radical precipitation polymerization and it was characterized by the method of FTIR and 1 H NMR. Its molecular weights (M η ) was 7.03 × 10 3  g mol −1 and the content of rhodamine units in the polymer chains was 1.44 % in mole fraction. The ability of the poly(AM-ARBHE) to detect different metal cations (Ag + , Ba 2+ , Cd 2+ Co 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ , Co 2+ K + , La 3+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Hg 2+ and Zn 2+ ) in water was investigated. Upon addition of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ or Hg 2+ ions to the aqueous solution, visual color change and fluorescence enhancement were observed. Moreover, other metal ions did not induce obvious changes to the fluorescence spectra except to Fe 2+ . The detection limit of poly(AM-ARBHE) was less than 1 × 10 −11  M. The results suggest that this copolymer may offer potential as a polymeric sensor for Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ and Hg 2+ ions in water.

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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE · 2024 · IF 3.3

Great improvement in intensity and thermal stability of Ca9Ga(XO4)7: Cr3+ near-infrared photoluminescence by next nearest coordination substitution

Shifang Wang,Mingzheng Sun,Xiaolang Fan,Bowei Liu,Chuangchuang Qiao,Shuang Jing,Xufeng Zhou,Wei Li,Yangbo Wang,Huaiyong Li

Broad band near-infrared emitting phosphors activated with Cr 3+ ions have great potential in a variety of applications. The luminescence efficiency and thermal stability are two critical parameters that are highly concerned in practical applications. In this work, a series of Cr 3+ ion-activated Ca 9 Ga(PO 4 ) x (VO 4 ) 7-x were synthesized. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of Cr 3+ were studied as functions of coordination environment, Cr 3+ concentration and temperature. The coordination environment of Cr 3+ ions is modified by gradually substitution of P by V without change the crystal structure of the host lattice. A continuous solid solution is formed, and the cell parameters and volume increase monotonically with V content. Great improvement in the intensity is observed for Ca 9 Ga(PO 4 ) 3.5 (VO 4 ) 3.5 , which increases by 26 and 2.4 times than the parents compositions Ca 9 Ga(PO 4 ) 7 and Ca 9 Ga(VO 4 ) 7 , respectively. Decay dynamic analysis suggests that both coordination environment modification and reduction of quenching center responsible for the great enhancement. An optimized concentration of 3.0 % is revealed and the intensity at 433 K maintains 81.1 % of the intensity at 293 K, respectively.

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