INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2024
·
IF 3.8
Zhiliang Zhang,Hui Xue,Wei Liu,Weiling Zhao,Zhaoyang Chen,Qiao Chen,Dongting Wang,Jianbing Ji
Microchannel reactors have garnered significant attention in various chemical processes due to their ability to achieve rapid mixing. However, there remains ample opportunity for the development of microchannel reactors with simple structures and high throughput. In this work, we propose a novel microannular rotating bed (MARB) that integrates the high-gravity field and microscale effect to enhance the micromixing efficiency. The Villermaux–Dushman reaction system is employed to investigate the influence of the operating parameters on the mixing performance. The micromixing time of the MARB ranges from 10–4 to 10–3 s for low-viscosity Newtonian fluids and from 10–4 to 10–2 s for shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluids. In a lab-scale setup, the MARB demonstrates a throughput of 6 L/min, markedly surpassing the capabilities of the existing microchannel reactors. Furthermore, the evaluation of energy dissipation rate underscores the MARB’s remarkable energetic efficiency in intensifying mixing processes. The MARB, with its simple design, high throughput capacity, and efficiency, presents a promising alternative for the intensification of mixing across diverse chemical applications.
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Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering
·
2024
·Vol. 7
·期 2
·
IF 3.5
Zhang Chuanchao,Chen Xian,Wei Wei,Chen Xuejiao,Li Quanning,Duan Xuexin
Acoustic streaming enabled by a Lamb wave resonator (LWR) is efficient for particle trapping and enrichment in microfluidic channels. However, because Lamb waves combine the features of bulk acoustic waves and surface acoustic waves, the resulting acoustic streaming in the LWR occurs in multiple planes, and the particle flow behavior in this acoustofluidic system is largely unknown. Reported here are numerical simulations and laboratory experiments conducted to investigate the boundary conditions for particle motion inside a microvortex induced by an LWR. Upon dynamic capture, the particles’ trajectories become orbital paths within an acoustic vortex. The suspended particles encounter two distinct acoustic phenomena, i.e., the drag force resulting from acoustic streaming and the acoustic radiation force, which exert forces in various directions on the particles. When the acoustic radiation force and the fluid drag force are dominant for large and small particles in a mixed solution, respectively, the large particles reside within the vortex while the small particles remain at its periphery. Conversely, when the acoustic radiation force is dominant for both types of particles, the distribution pattern is reversed. HIGHLIGHTS A Lamb wave resonator (LWR) was fabricated and used for particle manipulation, and upon analyzing the forces acting on the particles, two distinct distribution patterns are found. Particles in the acoustic streaming are dominated by different forces depending on their size and the frequency of the LWR. An LWR with a frequency of 370 MHz was used, and this frequency induces a potent acoustic flow in the LWR that is suitable for particle manipulation.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2012
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IF 2.545
Wei Feng,Changyin Lv,Liping Yang,Jianlin Cheng,Chengyan Yan
Melamine, a basic organic chemical intermediate, can cause renal failure because of the formation of insoluble melamine cyanurate crystals in the kidneys. This study examined a novel fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of trace melamine in dairy. The method was based on the inhibitory effect of melamine on the decolorizing reaction of the uncatalytic oxidation of acridine red by potassium permanganate in a sulfuric acid medium. The calibration graph was linear for melamine concentrations of 2.1 × 10 −4 –1.6 mg/L, and a detection limit of 61.5 ng/L was obtained. The melamine was determined in dairy samples by the proposed method after liquid–liquid and solid phase extraction. The results correlated with the high-performance liquid chromatography. The recoveries were within the range of 99.6–103.3% for liquid milk and 98.5–111.1% for milk powder. The possible mechanism of the reaction was also investigated by ultraviolet spectra.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Kang Ni,Anhong Liu,Yanwei Ding,Xiaodong Ye
Crowded environments, commonly found in the food system, are utilized to enhance the properties of soybean proteins. Despite their widespread application, little information exists regarding the impact of crowded environments on the denaturation behaviors of soybean proteins. In this study, we investigated how crowding agents with varying molecular weights, functional groups, and topology affect the denaturation behavior of glycinin under crowded conditions. The results reveal that thermal stability in PEG crowded environments is mainly influenced by both preferential hydration and binding. The stabilization is primarily enthalpy-driven, with aggregation contributing additional entropic stabilization. Specifically, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol exhibit temperature-dependent, bilateral effects on glycinin stability. At the denaturation temperature, hydrophobic interactions play a predominant role, decreasing glycinin's thermal stability. However, at a molecular weight of 200 g/mol, there is a delicate balance between destabilizing and stabilizing effects, leading to no significant change in thermal stability. With the addition of PEG 400, 1000, and 2000, besides preferential hydration, additional hard-core repulsions between glycinin molecules enhance thermal stability. Methylation modification experiments demonstrated that 2-methoxyethyl ether exerted a more pronounced denaturing effect. Additionally, the cyclization of PEG 1000 decreased its stabilizing effect.
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RARE METALS
·
2025
·
IF 11
Zhang Liang,He Zhi-Ling,Ning Hua,Luo Hui,Wei Qin-Qin,Qing Pei-Lin,Huang Xian-Tun,Wang Xin-Hua,Li Guang-Xu,Huang Cun-Ke,Lan Zhi-Qiang,Zhou Wen-Zheng,Guo Jin,Ismail Mohammad,Liu Hai-Zhen
As a hydrogen storage material, both AlH 3 and LiNH 2 possess a high hydrogen capacity. However, the dehydrogenated AlH 3 can hardly absorb hydrogen under normal conditions, while LiNH 2 will generate NH 3 rather than H 2 upon decomposition. In this work, we report that the combination of AlH 3 and LiNH 2 through simple ball milling leads to partial reversibility of the AlH 3 −LiNH 2 system and the suppression of NH 3 liberation. The negatively charged H δ − in AlH 3 will react with the positively charged H δ + in LiNH 2 through a redox reaction to form Li 2 NH, AlN, and H 2 at 120−170 °C. After dehydrogenation at above 270 °C, Li 3 AlN 2 is generated, which is crucial for the reversibility of this system. The more the Li 3 AlN 2 generated, the better the reversibility of this system. The dehydrogenation capacity of AlH 3 + 2LiNH 2 at the third cycle (3.0 wt%) is higher than that of AlH 3 + LiNH 2 (1.2 wt%) due to the generation of more Li 3 AlN 2 . The role of AlH 3 /Al in the AlH 3 −LiNH 2 system is to fix the nitrogen into the form of AlN and Li 3 AlN 2 and thus suppress the liberation of NH 3 . Therefore, the synergy of AlH 3 and LiNH 2 leads to the reversibility of the Li–Al–N–H system and the suppression of NH 3 . Graphical abstract
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SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 37
·期 7
·075003
·
IF 3.7
Qing-Song Yang,Bin-Bin Ruan,Meng-Hu Zhou,Ya-Dong Gu,Kang Zhao,Yun-Qing Shi,Jun-Kun Yi,Le-Wei Chen,Ming-Wei Ma,Gen-Fu Chen,Zhi-An Ren
The hexagonal Mn5Si3-type compounds possess the capability to accommodate specific atoms in the interstices, thereby creating filled Mn5Si3-type structures. In Nb-based Mn5Si3-type system, interstitial atoms like carbon (C) or oxygen (O) have been identified to induce or enhance superconductivity. However, the compounds filled with nitrogen (N) are scarce, and the existence of a N-filled superconductor remains unknown. Here, we report the discovery of a novel ternary nitride superconductor, Nb5Ir3N, synthesized via incorporating N into the electride Nb5Ir3. The crystal structure of Nb5Ir3N conforms to the filled Mn5Si3-type, belonging to the P63/mcm space group (No. 193), with cell parameters a = b = 7.8398(2) Å and c = 5.1108(1) Å. Electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility demonstrate that Nb5Ir3N is a type-II superconductor with a Tc of 8.7 K. The estimated lower and upper critical fields are 11.0 mT and 12.16 T, respectively. Moreover, specific heat measurements confirm the bulk superconductivity with enhanced electron–phonon coupling in Nb5Ir3N, as demonstrated by the normalized specific heat jump ΔCe/γTc ∼ 1.59. First-principles calculations emphasize the strong spin–orbit coupling in Nb5Ir3N.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 15.7
Jia Ming-Yang,Zhou Yue-Wen,Yang Jun-Lei,Liu Qinlei,Cai Zhen-Feng
Ullmann-type coupling reactions are one of the most important transformations in organic synthesis. Achieving catalyst-free Ullmann couplings under mild conditions is crucial to extending the scope of traditional carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom couplings. Herein, we show that Ullmann couplings can be effectively achieved at room temperature without the need for metal catalysts in MeOH/H 2 O microdroplets. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the Ullmann reaction in microdroplets is driven by •OH radicals and involves a single-electron transfer pathway via nitrogen-centered radicals. This work not only provides fundamental insights into the •OH radical-mediated coupling reactions in microdroplets but also offers a new strategy for catalyst-free Ullmann couplings.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-16
·
IF 15.7
Kang Wei,Wu Zhiyue,Huang Xinzhi,Qi Hongbin,Wu Jiaxuan,Wang Jiahui,Li Jing,Wu Sijin,Kang Byung-Ho,Li Bo,Ma Juncai,Xue Chuang
Biomolecular condensates are dynamic cellular compartments that concentrate proteins and enzymes to regulate biochemical reactions in time and space. While these condensates can enhance enzyme activity, how this function changes as condensates age remains poorly understood. Here, we design synthetic catalytic condensates that selectively recruit enzymes to investigate this temporal evolution. We show that catalytic condensates exhibit time-dependent activity: they initially accelerate enzymatic reactions but gradually lose efficiency due to the transition from liquid-like to solid-like states. This aging process, characterized by protein aggregation and loss of selective barriers, impairs enzyme function both in vitro and living cells. We further demonstrate that small molecules which influence aging dynamics can modulate catalytic efficiency of condensates. Our findings show that condensate aging as a key regulator of enzymatic activity and provide crucial insights for designing functional synthetic condensates.
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Antioxidants
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 6
·641
·
IF 6.6
Zhonglian Ma,Liang Ma,Yuhao Zhang
Acrylamide (ACR), utilized as a precursor for producing polyacrylamide for water purification, has demonstrated neurotoxic properties. However, the mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity remain inadequately understood. In this investigation,Caenorhabditis eleganswere exposed to ACR at concentrations ranging from 250 to 1000 μg/mL and then their locomotor behavior, neuronal development, neurotransmitter concentrations, and gene expression profiles were assessed. Exposure to 250–1000 μg/mL ACR resulted in observable behaviors such as head swiveling and body bending, accompanied by a significant reduction in body size. Furthermore, ACR exposure caused damage to serotonergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic neuronal structures. In this context, elevated levels of serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate were detected, along with notable upregulation of the expression of genes associated with neurotransmitters, includingtph-1,cat-4,mod-1,mod-5,cat-1,ser-1,dat-1,dop-1,dop-3,unc-17,cho-1,eat-4, andglr-2. Moreover, ACR exposure elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), O2, and H2O2levels while concurrently depleting glutathione (GSH), thereby compromising the antioxidant defense system. This led to a significant upsurge in the expression of genes involved in the nematode ACR detoxification pathway, specificallydaf-16,skn-1,mlt-1,sod-3,gst-4,gcs-1,hsf-1, andhsp-16.2. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse relationship between certain neurotransmitter and antioxidant genes and locomotor activities, highlighting the role of these genes in mediating ACR-induced neurotoxicity inC. elegans. Collectively, this research enhances the understanding of the mechanisms related to ACR neurotoxicity.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2014
·
IF 3.259
Longsheng Chen,Wei Xu,Rong Shao,Xianfeng Du
The profile and bioactivity of phytochemicals in Araiostegia yunnanensis ( Christ ) Cop were investigated. The total flavonoids content in A. yunnanensis is about 84.90 mg/g. By means of HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS, the main flavonoids in A. yunnanensis were tentatively identified as myricetin 3- O -rhamnosylglucoside, eriodictyol 7- O -rutinoside, quercetin 3- O -rutinoside, luteolin-7- O -apiosylglucoside, quercetin 3- O -rhamnosylgalactoside, and luteolin 7- O -glucoside. The extract (0.268 mg/ml total flavonoids) from A. yunnanensis showed very strong superoxide anion radical scavenging potential and reducing power, which are higher than those of rutin (0.25 mg/ml). The extract (0.268 mg/ml total flavonoids) from A. yunnanensis exhibited similar DPPH scavenging activity with rutin (0.25 mg/ml). However, rutin (0.25 mg/ml) showed a significantly higher ABTS radical scavenging effect than that of the extract (0.268 mg/ml total flavonoids) from A. yunnanensis. The methanol extract from A. yunnanensis showed obviously cytotoxic effects on A549 cells and it had no effect against acetylcholinesterase.
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Microorganisms
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 6
·1203
·
IF 4.2
Zhenhe Liu,Haolong Qiu,Yucong Jiang,Yuxi Mo,Linlin Lu,Yan Wang,Dandan Hu,Xingju Song
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite infecting nucleated cells of warm-blooded vertebrates, causes severe complications in immunocompromised hosts. Current therapies remain limited by suboptimal efficacy and toxicity, necessitating novel anti-toxoplasmic agents. Piceatannol (PIC), a natural stilbenoid, demonstrates multifaceted bioactivity including antimicrobial and anti-parasitic effects, suggesting therapeutic potential againstT. gondii. Our previous study revealed PIC’s potent anti-parasitic activity, selectively inhibitingT. gondiiproliferation and altering parasite morphology without host cytotoxicity. In this study, mechanistic analyses indicated that PIC disrupts mitochondrial integrity in tachyzoites, reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production while elevating ROS levels. Transcriptomic profiling identified significant suppression of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction. These findings establish PIC as a promising candidate targetingT. gondiithrough the mechanism of mitochondrial impairment.
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Nature Geoscience
·
2025
·Vol. 18
·期 9
·877-884
·
IF 16.1
Liu Tuo,Li Lingyan,Xue Kai,Wang Xuemeng,Li Huiju,Wang Yanfen,Dong Xiuzhu
Lignin is a natural plant polymer that accounts for about one-third of the organic carbon in the biosphere. Global warming has led to shrub encroachment and increased lignin input into peatlands. Generally, lignin is recalcitrant to microbial degradation in anoxic environments. Here we report methane production from lignin and its constituent monophenols in a flooded peatland in China based on microcosm experiments. Methane production was higher in the moderate shrub-covered peatland soils that have greater lignin contents compared with those of herb-covered soils. Adding lower contents of lignin and its monophenols promoted methane production of herb soil microcosms, and lignin contributed approximately 1.2–14.2% of the total methane emissions. Isotope tracing and dynamic metabolomic analyses revealed that the methoxy group of vanillin was first converted to methane, and then the aromatic ring carbons were fermented into CO 2 , acetate, propionate and (iso)butyrate. Lignin and its monophenols enriched the methylotrophic methanogens Methanomassiliicoccus and Methanosarcina , suggesting their involvement in methoxydotrophic methanogenesis. We suggest that lignin should not be overlooked as a source of methane in peatlands, especially given increasing shrub encroachment under global warming.
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