ChemCatChem
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2026
·Vol. 18
·期 12
·e70888
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IF 4.1
Ajibola T. Ogunbiyi,Wenzhi Li,Lida Wang,Gui Yunfan,Shengxin An,Kai Huang
Selective depolymerization of kraft lignin remains challenging because of its structural heterogeneity and the tendency of reactive fragments to undergo retrogressive condensation under N 2 without external H 2 . Here, Mo-based catalysts supported on SiO 2 , activated carbon, Al 2 O 3 , and H-Beta zeolite were evaluated for kraft lignin depolymerization in a 1,4-dioxane/isopropanol/methanol donor-solvent system at 290°C for 6 h under 0.5 MPa N 2 . Support identity strongly governed the balance between lignin fragmentation, intermediate stabilization, deoxygenation, and carbonaceous-deposit formation. Mo/H-Beta delivered the best overall performance, achieving 79.1% lignin conversion and 49.1% light-fuel yield, while increasing the light-fuelHHV from 25.45 to 36.01 MJ kg −1 . Although Mo/SiO 2 promoted the strongest molecular-weight reduction, it was less effective in downstream stabilization, and deoxygenation, demonstrating that depolymerization severity alone does not determine product quality. Integrated catalyst and product analyses show that Mo/H-Beta benefits from balanced acidity, dispersed redox-active MoO x species, mixed-valence Mo retention after reaction, and lower carbonaceous deposition. Overall, effective lignin valorization over supported Mo catalysts requires support-enabled acid–redox balance rather than stronger cracking alone. Graphical Support identity dictates MoO x acidity–redox balance during kraft lignin depolymerization under hydrogen-lean conditions. Integrating NH 3 -TPD, H 2 -TPR, and fresh/spent XPS with GPC and curated GC–MS shows that Mo/H-Beta couples selective C–O bond cleavage with stabilization and deoxygenation, maximizing aromatic monomer yield beyond molecular-weight reduction alone.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Nana Song,Mei-Chun Li,Shuixiang Xie,Jinsheng Sun,Kaihe Lv,Bo Wang,Chaozheng Liu,Sheng Fan
The efficient development of oil and gas resources in fractured reservoirs has long been constrained by complex geological structures, drilling fluid invasion, and wellbore instability, among which wellbore instability represents a critical technical bottleneck affecting safe drilling operations and efficient resource exploitation. To address this challenge, an environmentally friendly lignin-based wellbore strengthening agent (LSA) was developed in this study through the condensation reaction of renewable dealkalized lignin and furfural in a deep eutectic solvent system and applied to fractured shale stabilization in water-based drilling fluids. Experimental results show that LSA not only effectively improves the rheological properties and filtration control performance of drilling fluids, thereby enhancing cuttings-carrying capacity and wellbore protection, but also penetrates shale fractures and establishes strong physicochemical adsorption on rock surfaces. Based on adsorption tests, dynamic interfacial adhesion measurements, zeta potential analysis, SEM observations, and FTIR characterization, LSA is demonstrated to form a dense and stable cementing interfacial layer on shale surfaces through interfacial adsorption, fracture filling, and thermally driven curing. This process significantly enhances the overall bonding strength and failure resistance of fractured rock masses. This study provides a new strategy and theoretical basis for the development of high-performance and sustainable wellbore-strengthening materials for water-based drilling fluids. The innovation of this work lies in the use of a deep eutectic solvent to promote the reaction between lignin and furfural, thereby constructing a green functional material with excellent thermal stability, strong adhesion, and effective fracture-cementing capability. This strategy enables the synergistic integration of industrial lignin valorization and wellbore stability enhancement. Download: Download high-res image (236KB) Download: Download full-size image
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 6.8
Xiang Zhen,Jiaxin Li,Hao Zhou,Xuelu Cui,Zhongbin Xu,Jianxun Dong,Lixia Li,Xiaobing Wang
Bio-based bisphenol compounds from lignin oxidative depolymerization-derived phenolic monomers exhibit great potential in epoxy resins, yet the existing technologies for the separation and purification of specific phenolic monomers are cumbersome and costly. The direct use of unpurified phenolic mixtures (aromatic aldehydes, ketones and acids) would therefore be far more practical, provided that the influence of monomer composition on the crosslinking network can be rationalized. Here, bio-based epoxy vitrimers with self-healing and recyclable properties were fabricated from lignin-derived phenolic model mixtures by introducing dynamic covalent imine bonds into the crosslinking network via Schiff base reaction during amine curing. Systematic variation in the contents of H-, G-, and S-type aromatic aldehydes, ketones, and acids revealed that G-type aromatic aldehydes and S-type aromatic ketones improve thermal stability, aromatic acids increase mechanical strength, and the 3, 5-dimethoxy groups in S-type units increase rigidity and solvent resistance through steric hindrance but slow imine exchange and reduce recyclability. Aldimine bonds proved more solvent-resistant than ketimine bonds, and G-type-dominated systems were more efficiently reprocessed than S-type-dominated systems. This work establishes composition-structure–property relationships for lignin-derived phenolic model mixtures in dynamic epoxy networks, providing a new insight for the high-value valorization of lignin oxidative depolymerization products.
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 5
·455
·
IF 4.5
Yanliang Yang,Yaoru Du,Yue Luo,Ying Duan,Dong Sui,Yunmeng Wang,Xuechuan Lv,Tianliang Lu
Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of aromatic aldehydes represents a core research direction in the efficient utilization of lignin. In this study, a cost-effective catalyst was constructed by incorporating rich lattice defects into Ni nanoparticles. The catalyst was synthesized via a uniform precipitation method, employing urea as the precipitant. By introducing aluminum nitrate during the precipitation process, nickel was effectively segregated to inhibit its growth and the generation of well-crystallized, defect-free Ni nanoparticles, thereby generating a substantial quantity of defective Ni nanoparticles with abundant lattice defects. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, TEM, HRTEM, EDS line and mapping scanning, XPS and H2-TPD, confirming the formation of Ni nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution of ~5 nm with numerous lattice defects. The hydrodeoxygenation of vanillin was employed to evaluate the catalyst’s activity, with investigations into the effects of Al content, solvents, temperature, H2pressure, and reaction time. The reaction was successfully conducted at 363 K in water. The catalyst demonstrated excellent hydrodeoxygenation activity across a series of other aromatic aldehyde compounds. Cycle experiments confirmed the catalyst’s stability, maintaining its activity over at least five consecutive uses.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
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IF 5.2
Shenyan Zou,Dapeng Li,Linrong Che,Zhaoliang Cui,Shijun Long,Yiwan Huang,Xuefeng Li
Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are thermodynamically immiscible, posing significant challenges for their recycling. Consequently, enhancing the compatibility of PE/PP blends has garnered increasing research interest in recent years. In this study, we transformed the physical mixture of PE and PP into a dynamically cross-linked single network of the two immiscible polymers by utilizing a lignin-based cluster as the interfacial compatibilizer and dynamic cross-linker. Through precise morphology control at the PE–PP interface, the originally brittle PE/PP blend was converted into a tough hybrid plastic with excellent photothermal conversion and ultraviolet (UV) shielding properties. At the optimal formulation, (PE60/PP40)-g-(L2-Zr-GMMA) achieved a tensile strength of 24.35 MPa, an elongation at break of 675.48%, and a Young’s modulus of 279.11 MPa. The lignin-cluster-induced compatibilization process we report here may shed some light on addressing the major obstacle in sustainable PE and PP recycling.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2026
·
IF 9.1
Linjia Yin,Jing Su,Bingyan Sun,Xiaopeng Shi,Zhongyang Luo,Heping Li,Muye Feng,Guanqun Luo,Kaige Wang
Lignin catalytic hydropyrolysis has garnered significant interest for its potential to convert lignin into valuable biofuels and chemicals. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process, particularly the role of catalysts and hydrogen influence reaction pathways and product distribution, has not yet been fully elucidated. This study aims to address these gaps by investigating the mechanism of lignin catalytic hydropyrolysis with a nickel catalyst, employing both experimental and simulation approaches. Experimental results demonstrated that the catalyst effectively promoted demethylation and hydrodeoxygenation, with increased hydrogen pressure further facilitating C-O bond cleavage and enhancing hydrodeoxygenation. Simulation results revealed that both the catalyst and elevated temperature promoted C-C and C-O bond cleavage in lignin, accelerating reactant decomposition and the formation of light weight products. It was found that while a moderate increase in hydrogen pressure facilitated hydrodeoxygenation of liquid products, excessive pressure suppressed bond cleavage, thereby hindering further enhancement of liquid product quality. Notably, the simulations provide direct evidence that high-pressure hydrogen mitigates catalyst deactivation by suppressing carbon accumulation. This study highlights the complex interplay between temperature, hydrogen molecules, and the catalyst during lignin catalytic hydropyrolysis. This approach offers insights into lignin catalytic hydropyrolysis and supports the development of efficient catalysts for biomass conversion.
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CARBON
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2026
·
IF 12.7
Bingyin Liu,Diana Estevez,Haoran Ma,Changfeng Li,Yunfei Wang,Faxiang Qin
Traditional sp 2 -dominant absorbers (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes) often require engineered conductive networks or magnetic hybrids to moderate their high conductivity and achieve impedance matching. Herein, we propose lignin—with its inherent sp 3 /sp 2 carbon mix—as an ideal precursor for developing sp 3 –sp 2 hybrid carbon materials, enabling novel absorption loss mechanisms. By simply modulating the laser power of a low-cost diode laser (450 nm), we achieved precise control over the lignin’s carbon hybridization, transforming it from an sp 3 -rich amorphous polymer into a porous hybrid architecture with tunable sp 3 /sp 2 domains. Spectroscopic analysis revealed a monotonic decrease in the sp 3 /sp 2 ratio with laser power, resulting in an optimal balance for the sample irradiated at 60 % power. Unlike conduction-dominated conventional absorbers, absorption was primarily governed by sp 3 −sp 2 C−C dipolar polarization and sp 3 /sp 2 interfacial polarization effects. This synergy resulted in optimal absorption with a minimum reflection loss of -74 dB at 4.9 mm thickness and -50 dB at 2.1 mm thickness, combined with a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 6.73 GHz at 2.2 mm thickness. Our results not only demonstrate a green and precise laser-processing route to transform biomass waste in a single-component, single step but also establish a novel mechanism for designing absorbers based on engineered carbon hybridization states.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Long-Wen Chen,Chen-Xi Li,Shuai Wang,Ming-Fei Li
Isopropanol-extracted bamboo lignin showed the highest antioxidant activity. • Mild phenolation in 90% formic acid increased phenolic –OH by 93.1%. • β-O-4 linkages were selectively cleaved and p -hydroxyphenyl introduced. • DPPH radical scavenging activity increased by 110.68% after phenolation. • Acetone/water system yielded spherical lignin nanoparticles (134.64 nm, PDI 0.15). To develop nature-derived and potent antioxidants, bamboo was employed as a raw material to isolate lignin using alcohol/water systems. Among the tested solvents, isopropanol-extracted lignin exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. A subsequent mild phenolation strategy followed by nanoformulation substantially enhanced its antioxidant performance. Four alcohol/water mixtures (9:1, v /v) comprising methanol, ethanol, n -propanol, and isopropanol were systematically compared, revealing that isopropanol-extracted lignin possessed superior free radical scavenging capability. Phenolation of the isopropanol lignin was conducted in 90% formic acid medium with phenol at 100 °C. Two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR) analysis demonstrated that the phenolation process efficiently cleaved β-O-4 linkages in lignin and introduced phenolic hydroxyl groups in the form of p -hydroxyphenyl units at the α-position. Quantitative analysis by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance ( 31 P NMR) showed an 84.7% reduction in aliphatic hydroxyl content, a 93.1% increase in phenolic hydroxyl content, and a concomitant 110.68% enhancement in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity after phenolation. Lignin nanoparticles were subsequently prepared via an antisolvent method. Three solvent systems (ethanol/water, isopropanol/water, and acetone/water) were evaluated for their influence on nanoparticle morphology and dispersibility. Notably, the acetone/water system yielded regular spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 134.64 nm, a zeta potential of −24.34 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.15, indicating excellent dispersion stability. The proposed strategy proceeded at 100 °C and avoided the use of specialized equipment or strongly corrosive reagents. Relying on abundant bamboo feedstock and a recyclable formic acid medium, it may offer advantages for scale-up production, providing a feasible route for the preparation of renewable antioxidant nanomaterials. These findings suggest potential applications of phenolated lignin nanoparticles in polymeric materials, food packaging, and biomedical fields.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 6.8
Wenxu Liu,Antonio Pizzi,Xingran Wang,Rundong Kanxu,Yun Lu,Guanben Du,Jun Zhang,Xianghong Li,Shuduan Deng
Bio-derived adhesives have attracted increasing interest as sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based adhesives. However, their practical applications are often limited by poor water resistance arising from the hydrophilic nature of biomass macromolecules and insufficient cross-linking density. Meanwhile, integrating durable antibacterial functionality into bio-based adhesive systems remains a significant challenge. In this study, a bio-based thermosetting adhesive was developed by constructing a dense three-dimensional covalent cross-linked network through epoxy–amine ring-opening reactions between epoxidized lignin (GL) and polylysine (PPL). Plywood bonded with the optimized adhesive met the requirements for Class II plywood specified in GB/T 17657–2022, exhibiting a wet bond strength of 1.10 MPa after immersion in hot water at 63 °C for 3 h. In addition, the adhesive exhibited good bonding performance on both bamboo and metal substrates. Owing to the incorporation of cationic PPL chains, the adhesive exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and S. aureus , with an antibacterial rate of up to 99.9 %. These findings establish a scalable route for transforming lignin into multifunctional structural adhesives and highlight the potential of renewable polymers for replacing fossil-derived adhesive systems.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Chengcheng Suo,Xiaochang Zhang,Xinai Li,Jifang Zhang,Hongru Zhang,Rui Teng,Wei Li,Sha Luo,Bing Tian,Qingjiang Pan,Chunhui Ma,Zhijun Chen,Shouxin Liu
In lignin depolymerization, we use a lot of organic solvent which is still an environment problem in large scale industrialization. Therefore, we propose the photocatalytic biorefining green closed-loop (PBGC) to realize green and sustainable development. Different from organic solvents, we find that supramolecular solvents can synergistically interact with photocatalysts to influence the final products. The solubility of Alkali lignin (AL) in supramolecular solvent was 150 % higher than in ChCl/1,4 BDO (1:3) due to the AL and solvent have the similar supramolecular structure. Additionally, supramolecular solvent was used at low temperature (60 °C) which overcame the bottleneck of high viscosity provided huge possibility on industrial application. AL was photocatalytic-assisted oxidized by WO 3 /g-C 3 N 4 /h-BN (WCB). The conversion of AL achieves 38.61 wt%, and the yield of vanillic acid is 22.87 % in product. In this process, the β-O-4 bonds within the lignin structure were activated by hydroxyl radicals originating from the supramolecular solvent. The hydroxyl radical was produced from 1,4 BDO in supramolecular solvent. In dark environment, AL interacted with supramolecular solvent aroused the generation of C α aryloxy radical (ArO•). The superoxide radical was produced on the WCB from O 2 which could stabilize the C α ArO• quickly to final products.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.3
Xugang Dang,Ziming Ye,Xuechuan Wang,Shuang Liang
As one of the earliest natural materials utilized by humans, leather demonstrates superior water vapor permeability, mechanical strength, and wearability, occupying a pivotal position in daily life. Tanning represents a core process in leather manufacturing. However, traditional chrome tanning agents can form chromium-containing wastewater and sludge, blocking the leather industry’s path to sustainability. Herein, using a renewable natural biomass material (Sodium lignosulfonate, LS) and an eco-conscious epoxy monomer (Triglycidyl isocyanurate, TGIC), a green lignin-derived chrome-free tanning agent (LST) was synthesized via a facile one-pot grafting reaction. Characterization by FTIR, 1H NMR, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) verified the successful grafting of TGIC onto the LS molecular chain, and the resultant LST maintained abundant terminal epoxy groups (epoxy value = 0.139 mol/100 g). The application outcomes revealed that the shrinkage temperature (Ts) of leather tanned with LST reached 83.6 °C, which is higher than that of commercially available chrome-free tanning agent F-90 (81.6 °C) and substantially surpasses that of TWS (76.3 °C). Additionally, LST-tanned leather demonstrated superior physical and mechanical properties, anti-yellowing performance, and filling efficiency. Collectively, these results uncover that LST, a novel environmentally friendly chromium-free tanning agent, holds broad application prospects in reducing chromium and salt pollution while enhancing the comprehensive performance of leather. This study provides a promising direction for sustainable leather processing and aligns with the circular economy strategy under the “dual-carbon” goals.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Wenchao Li,Bin Xu,Mingfang Xu,Yue Wu,Zhihua Liu,Bingzhi Li,Cheng Zhong,Shiru Jia
In this study, a novel mild and recyclable ethylenediamine (EDA) pretreatment method was developed. This pretreatment process efficiently eliminated lignin and facilitated the recovery of pretreatment reagents. Under optimized conditions at 70 °C, more than half of lignin was removed from the corn stover (CS). Consequently, the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucose and xylose achieved yields of 82.1% and 50.4%, respectively. Notably, the recovered EDA was efficiently reused and maintained comparable pretreatment efficiency even after five rounds of recovery. The pretreated CS was effectively used for bacterial cellulose fermentation without requiring additional detoxification steps. Furthermore, the analysis of EDA lignin (EL) revealed the presence of numerous amino groups introduced into the lignin structure. Subsequently, EL was used in the polyurethane (PU) foam preparation. The results revealed that EL-based PU foam featured higher compressive strength, density, thermal stability, and adsorption capacity for dyes and heavy metal ions compared with alkali lignin-based PU foam.
研究领域:
生物工程
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材料科学
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环境科学
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