Soft Robotics
·
2024
·
IF 6.4
Yang Qu,Yiming Zhang,Boyuan Huang,Cheng Chen,Huacen Wang,Sicong Liu,Hongqiang Wang
Currently, pneumatic soft actuators are widely used due to their impressive adaptability, but they still face challenges for more extensive practical applications. One of the primary issues is the bulky and noisy air compressors required to generate air pressure. To circumvent this critical problem, this work proposes a new type of air pressure source, based on the vapor pressure at the gas–liquid equilibrium to replace conventional air pumps. Compared with the previous phase transition method, this approach gains advantages such as generating gas even at low temperatures (instead of boiling point), more controllable gas output, and higher force density (since both ammonia and water contribute to the gas pressure). This work built mathematical models to explain the mechanism of converting energy to output action force from electrical energy and found the aqua ammonia system is one of the optimal choices. Multiple prototypes were created to demonstrate the capability of this method, including a pouch actuator that pushed a load 20,555 times heavier than its dead weight. Finally, based on the soft actuator, an untethered crawling robot was implemented with onboard batteries, showing the potentially extensive applications of this methodology.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 19
Yilin Wang,Xiran Zhou,Xijing Yang,Jiahao Liang,Shifan Chen,Ziyue Ling,Wenjie Wang,Zijian Shao,Xin Song,Ran Wei,Weifeng Zhao,Changsheng Zhao
Separating toxins from albumin is significantly more challenging than simply adsorbing the toxin/protein complex during blood purification. Bilirubin is distinctive among protein-bound toxins because its photodecomposition products are hydrophilic and readily dissociate from albumin. Inspired by phototherapy for neonatal jaundice, an innovative multifunctional adsorbent is proposed and equipped with self-photodecomposition and visual monitoring abilities. Herein, inverse opal beads (IOBs) is developed through strategic nanoarchitectonics. The periodic ordered structure of the IOBs imparts a self-hosted blue light emission property that facilitates the bilirubin photodecomposition. Additionally, the interconnected pores of the IOBs enhance the adsorption of bilirubin photodecomposition products. Moreover, the colors of the IOBs change in response to the amount of adsorbed bilirubin photodecomposition products, allowing for real-time visual monitoring of the adsorption state during hemoperfusion. These features allow the IOBs to effectively compete with albumin for toxin binding. In hyperbilirubinemia rats, the total bilirubin (TBIL) clearance ratios achieved by the IOBs and a commercial adsorbent (BS330) are 45.1% and 29.3%, respectively. Notably, albumin (ALB) concentration decreased by 31.8% after treatment with BS330, whereas no significant change is observed in the IOB-treated group. These results suggest that IOBs hold great potential as a highly promising adsorbent for treating hyperbilirubinemia.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 19
Zhen Zhang,Dongsong Wei,Wenliang Zhang,Yafei Shi,Yuanpeng Wang,Ting Lu,Ana Sofia Oliveira Henriques Moita,Guoyong Wang,Yan Liu
Superhydrophobic coating (SHC) and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) have shown significant potential in anti-icing field. In this work, a smart photo-thermal-responsive superhydrophobic coating (PTRSHC) with switchable wettability between superhydrophobic and slippery states is constructed by introducing phase-change materials (n-nonadecane) and a simple spraying method, which is inspired by lotus leaf and Nepenthes surfaces. Additionally, n-nonadecane not only serves as a solid/liquid lubricant but also supports a low-surface-energy material, which enhances water repellency and anti-/deicing performance. Due to the smart wettability switching, water and ice in Wenzel state can also be quickly removed, which is hard to achieve on traditional SHC. It solves possible terrible anti-icing capability in harsh environments because of the mechanical interlocking between micro-nanostructures and ice. Moreover, the surface can maintain a more durable slippery capability than that of the traditional SLIPS. The coating exhibits an extraordinarily long freezing time of 10195 s, an ice-melting time of 238 s under 1 sun, and an ice adhesion strength as low as 26.9 kPa. Importantly, the coating also has excellent wear resistance and chemical stability. This work provides a new idea for designing and constructing of smart and durable anti-/deicing surfaces which can be widely applied outdoors.
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Nanoscale
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Jin Wang,Tianlong Zhou,Jie Zou,Jianhang Hai,Yunqing Lu
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have emerged as a promising technology to harvest energy from the environment due to their self-powered characteristics, simple structure, low cost and high flexibility. To improve their performance, this work proposes a hierarchical optimization strategy, which integrates the employment of polyimide (PI) matrix, the doping of metal-organic framework and the surface patterning of TENG triboelectric layers to achieve high output performance and durability. In the work, the PI/UIO-66-NH₂ mixed matrix membrane (MMM) is first synthesized and characterized, where the influence of UIO-66-NH₂ loading amount on the triboelectric properties of MMM is analyzed. The measurement results show that this MMM exhibits excellent dielectric properties and thermal stability. Subsequently, the TENG device operated in the vertical contact-separation mode is fabricated, where MMM is used as the negative triboelectric layer and pure PI membrane as the positive layer. Moreover, the surface patterning method based on soft imprint lithography is applied to both triboelectric layers to augment their effective contact areas. Then, the output performance of TENG is characterized. It is found that, for the weight ratio of UIO-66-NH₂ of 5 wt%, the patterned UIO-66-NH₂ MMM-based TENG (P-TENG-5) achieves a maximum output power density of 78.27 ± 3.42 μW/cm², which is 5.76 times higher than that of unpatterned TENG-5 and 361.35 times greater than that of pure PI-based TENG-0. Remarkably, P-TENG-5 maintained stable performance over 20,000 cycles at 2 Hz without the considerable performance degradation.
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Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research
·
2025
·
IF 12
Hua Ma,Yuyan Hu,Han Ye,Qingquan Tang,Shiwen Yang,Hanwen Zhang,Luoxin Wang,Hua Wang,Siwei Xiong
This study presents a high-value green recycling strategy for waste polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to fabricate a bioinspired “vine-wrapping” nanocomposite insulating paper from recycled PEEK fibers and self-prepared polyarylate (PAR) nanofibers. The multiscale synergy of the nanocomposite significantly enhances its dielectric performance. Micron-scale PEEK fibers form a three-dimensional scaffold, which provides mechanical support and carrier transport pathways. High-aspect-ratio PAR nanofibers exploit secondary thermoplasticity to infiltrate scaffold voids, refine pore structures, suppress electric field distortion, and inhibit electrical tree initiation. At the molecular level, strong dipole-dipole interactions between PEEK carbonyls and PAR esters, along with π-π stacking of aromatic rings, create a stable, hierarchical noncovalent interface. Consequently, the PEEK/PAR nanocomposite paper achieves a breakdown strength of 89.67 kV/mm, representing a 256.11% improvement over commercial aramid paper. After thermal aging (200 °C, 24 h), UV exposure (365 nm, 24 h), 100 folding cycles, and 20 kneading-folding cycles, the breakdown strengths remain at 34.14, 37.34, 17.51, and 17.06 kV/mm, respectively. These values are 2.3, 1.91, 1.38, and 2.31 times the strength of commercial aramid paper. These results indicate a viable pathway for developing sustainable, high-performance, paper-based insulation.
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高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2025
·Vol. 35
·期 38
·2505075
·
IF 19
Congji Zhang,Shangzhen Xie,Guopeng Chen,Junhao Liu,Shuo Li,Xiaofeng Zheng,Zhiguang Guo
In response to the growing global energy and water resource demands, researchers have been exploring innovative solutions. Inspired by Callistemon viminalis and the trend of multifunctional structures, a novel aluminum-based rotational structure with a spine array has been developed to efficiently collect fog and generate energy. This advanced structure features a 360° distribution of spines with a curvature gradient and a superhydrophobic surface, enabling omnidirectional fog collection while harnessing rotational motion to produce electricity. It achieves an impressive fog collection rate of 9000 mg·cm −2 ·h −1 , with an electrical output of 0.62 V and 7.2 mA at a fog flow speed of 7 mph. Compared to the untreated pure aluminum sheet, its fog collection efficiency has been enhanced by 87.5%. Furthermore, this structure demonstrates excellent and durable performance after multiple uses, ensuring its practical application. Therefore, this innovation paves the way for more effective water and energy resource collection, offering valuable insights for sustainable production of resources.
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Gels
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 11
·853
·
IF 5.3
Shiqi Li,Chao Sun,Meihui Gao,Haiyan Ma,Longbin Xu,Xinyu Li
Real-time sweat pH monitoring offers a non-invasive window into metabolic status, disease progression, and wound healing. However, current wearable pH sensors struggle to balance high electrochemical sensitivity with mechanical compliance. Here we report a stretchable fiber-integrated pH electrode based on a polyaniline-phytic acid-polyvinyl alcohol (PANI-PA-PVA) hydrogel, which combines mechanical elasticity with enhanced electrochemical performance for continuous sweat sensing. Freeze–thaw crosslinking of the hydrogel forms a porous interpenetrating network, facilitating rapid proton transport and stable coupling with dry-spun elastic gold fibers. This wearable device exhibits an ultra-Nernstian sensitivity of 68.8 mV pH−1, ultra-fast equilibrium (<10 s within the sweat-relevant acidic window), long-term drift of 0.0925 mV h−1, and high mechanical tolerance (gel stretch recovery up to 165%). The sensor maintains consistent pH responses under bending and tensile strains, yielding sweat pH measurements at the skin surface during running that closely match commercial pH meters (sweat pH range measured in test subjects: 4.2–5.0). We further demonstrate real-time wireless readouts by integrating elastic gold and Ag/AgCl fibers into a three-electrode textile structure. This PANI-PA-PVA hydrogel strategy provides a scalable material platform for robust, high-performance wearable ion sensing and skin diagnostics.
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POLYMER
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Bo Mu,Yunpeng Li,Wei Li,Wenyi Zhang,Bangrui Kou,Baoping Yang,Junhong Guo,Li Chen,Li Tian
Self-lubricating microcapsules embedded in the epoxy composites exhibit prominent friction-reduction and anti-wear effects. However, the inferior interfacial compatibility between the microcapsules and the matrix deteriorates mechanical properties of the composites greatly. In this study, DMS@PS-TMP-A microcapsules with a molecularly uniform organic-inorganic hybrid shell of styrene and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane copolymer (PS-TMP) and dimethylsiloxane oil (DMS) as core were fabricated via one pot synthesis. The mechanical properties of DMS@PS-TMP-A/EP composites were improved by surface modification of the microcapsules with the tensile strength and modulus of the 15 wt%DMS@PS-TMP-A/EP composites increased by 46.04 % and 63.06 % with respect to the corresponding unmodified sample. Due to the high bond-energy Si-O motifs evenly distributed in the shell, the thermal decomposition temperature of the corresponding microcapsules was increased by 38.5 °C. Meanwhile, the 15 wt%DMS@PS-TMP-A composites showcase a reduction of 62.69 % and 95.48 % in friction coefficient and wear rate relative to pure EP samples and the wear mechanism of the composites varied from fatigue to adhesive wear.
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Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Haozhe Yi,Taotao Fu,Daofan Ma,Chunying Zhu,Youguang Ma
The stability of the liquid film is determined by the van der Waals force and the electrical double layer force, which dictates the termination of the liquid film drainage process. The liquid film drainage is the rate-determining step of the thermodynamic interactions between droplets and interfaces, including droplet coalescence, adsorption, and cross-phase transfer. The interaction between nanoparticles and surfactants has great potential in influencing the stability of liquid film. When nanoparticles and surfactants are adsorbed on the two interfaces of liquid film respectively, an electrical double layer force is generated to attract or repel the two interfaces based on the charges’ polarity. Consequently, we verified the electrostatic interaction between nanoparticles and surfactants experimentally. Subsequently, the effect of electrical double layer force on liquid film rupture was validated by analyzing the dynamics of droplet adsorption. Finally, the intensification of droplet adsorption in a microchannel was realized by utilizing this mechanism. This study establishes a fundamental framework for precise regulation of interfacial forces at the scale of liquid film thickness, thereby providing a novel approach to investigate soft matter.
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AICHE JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 4
Daofan Ma,Yanjun Deng,Guangwei Wang,Youguang Ma,Chunying Zhu,Xiangyang Tang
Nanofluid droplets have considerable applications in industry. In this study, the coalescence dynamics of nanofluid droplets in an expansion chamber structure microchannel were visually investigated; the shape and liquid bridge evolutions of droplets were studied systematically. Five droplet coalescence flow patterns were observed: non-contact, double coalescence, cascade coalescence, compact slug flow, and jetting flow regimes. Due to the adsorption of nanoparticles on the fluid interface, a solidified layer is formed, which restrains the curvature change of the liquid bridge, slowing down the shrinkage of the liquid bridge. The evolution of the liquid bridge neck width with time could be divided into two stages: the dispersed phase control stage and the continuous phase control stage. The nanoparticles could affect markedly the dispersed phase control stage, while having less effect on the continuous control stage.
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Small
·
2025
·
IF 12.1
Zhen Shi,Chenxi Fang,Jiaqian Li,Sateesh Bandaru,Muwen Liu,Lizhong Zhao,Xuefeng Zhang
In spite of superior magnetic properties, neodymium–iron–boron (Nd-Fe-B) applications in harsh environments have been greatly hindered by their susceptibility to corrosion, humidity, mechanical, and temperature attacks. Herein, a construction strategy of robust slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) coatings is proposed via the multi-dimensional design of surface, bulk coating, and interface. The manipulation of colloidal states of silica particles by chemical hydrophobization allows for building a dense polymer network, enhancing interfacial adhesion and locking lubricant film effectively. The resulting coating is demonstrated to be extremely stable, endowing the magnet with excellent liquid repellency, anti-corrosion, and anti-icing properties. Strikingly, no trace of corrosion is detected after 136-day immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and the impedance modulus at 0.1 Hz can be maintained as the initial of 3.31 × 10 8 Ω·cm 2 even after 132-day immersion, which is far superior to that of commercial Ni-Cu-Ni, Zn, and EP coatings. Additionally, anti-icing performance at low temperatures is evidenced by the delayed icing time and decreased ice adhesion strength. Importantly, the self-healing property offers the surface intensified durability even after mechanical damage. This work demonstrates a construction strategy of robust SLIPS coatings with a multi-dimensional design, enabling the practical applications of Nd-Fe-B magnets in extreme environments like offshore wind turbines.
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Gels
·
2024
·Vol. 10
·期 2
·138
·
IF 5
Long Quan,Xueqian Shi,Jie Zhang,Zhuju Shu,Liang Zhou
A novel lignocellulosic aerogel, MT-LCA, was successfully prepared from MT by undergoing partial dissolution in an ionic liquid, coagulation in water, freezing in liquid nitrogen, and subsequent freeze-drying. The MT-LCA preserves its original honeycomb-like porous structure, and the newly formed micropores contribute to increased porosity and specific surface area. FT-IR analysis reveals that MT, after dissolution and coagulation, experiences no chemical reactions. However, a change in the crystalline structure of cellulose is observed, transitioning from cellulose I to cellulose II. Both MT and MT-LCA demonstrate a quasi-second-order kinetic process during methylene blue adsorption, indicative of chemical adsorption. The Langmuir model proves to be more appropriate for characterizing the methylene blue adsorption process. Both adsorbents exhibit monolayer adsorption, and their effective adsorption sites are uniformly distributed. The higher porosity, nanoscale micropores, and larger pore size in MT-LCA enhance its capillary force, providing efficient directional transport performance. Consequently, the prepared MT-LCA displays exceptional compressive performance and efficient directional transport capabilities, making it well-suited for applications requiring high compressive performance and selective directional transport.
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