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ACS Nano · 2024 · IF 15.8

Electrostatic Assembly of Gold Nanoclusters in Reverse Emulsion Enabling Nanoassemblies with Tunable Structure and Size for Enhanced NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging

Yufeng Sun,Fei Qu,Rui Geng,Wanyue Xiao,Duohang Bi,Bijin Xiong,Yijing Liu,Jintao Zhu,Xiaoyuan Chen

The precise control of the assembly structure and size of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) can potentially amplify their near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging and targeting properties. However, the conventional electrostatic assembly of AuNCs and charged molecules faces challenges in balancing the inherent electrostatic repulsions among charged units and regulating the diffusion of assembly units. These difficulties limit precise control over assembly size and structure, along with limited options for coassembled molecules, thereby restricting imaging properties and targeting capability. To circumvent this challenge, we developed a reverse emulsion-confined electrostatic assembly method. This technique efficiently constructs AuNC nanoassemblies with diverse coassembled molecules, allowing for the fine-tuning of assembly size and structure, including both core–satellite and homogeneous AuNC nanoassemblies. The development of two distinct nanoassemblies can be partially attributed to the varying diffusive rates of AuNCs or the AuNCs/polymer complex within the fused emulsion droplets. This variance arises from steric hindrances encountered during the emulsion fusion process. Interestingly, core–satellite nanoassemblies exhibit the strongest NIR-II fluorescence enhancement. Finally, the introduction of a hyaluronic acid coating on the surfaces of nanoassemblies with varying sizes enables the nanoprobes to achieve enhanced lymph node imaging through size modulation and macrophage targeting, which are used for surgical navigation to remove lymph node metastases. We envision that this self-assembly strategy can be extended to a wide range of electrostatic assembly systems for the development of multicomponent functional materials.

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Advanced Healthcare Materials · 2024 · IF 10

Controllable Self-Assembly of V═O Metalloradical Complex with Intramolecular Charge Transfer for Enhanced NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy

Jianshuai Bao,Zengyin Li,Deliang Wang,Jiefei Wang,Guan Huang,Jianlei Qian,Xiaoyan Yang,Peng-Cheng Duan,Sheng Zhang,Feng Bai,Yong Zhong

Near-infrared second region (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging provides enhanced tissue penetration, achieving efficient NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging (PA)-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) all in one material remains a challenging yet promising approach in cancer treatment. Herein, open-shell V═O metalloradical complex (VONc) is self-assembled into VONc nanospheres (VONc NPs). VONc NPs exhibit light absorption from 300 to 1400 nm, fluorescence spectra ranging from 900 to 1400 nm, and a distinct fluorescence signal even at 1550 nm. Moreover, VONc NPs exhibit outstanding photostability and a higher photothermal conversion efficiency of 46.6% than that of closed-shell zinc naphthalocyanine nanorods (ZnNc NRs). V═O centered metalloradical serves as transient electron-withdrawing groups to facilitate charge transfer (CT), introducing additional nonradiative energy dissipation pathways and enhancing efficient heat generation. In vitro experiments of VONc NPs indicate that a highly effective photothermal action causes harm to both mitochondria and lysosomes, resulting in the death of tumor cells, closed-shell ZnNc NPs exhibit almost no cell killing as contrast. In vivo anti-tumor therapy results of VONc NPs demonstrate excellent NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided PTT against tumors with a favorable biosafety profile. “Centered metalloradical boosting CT” toward open-shell metal complexes provides significant insight for developing single-material integrated nanosystems for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

CAS / MDL: 82767-90-6
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Small · 2025 · IF 12.1

A Nanoplatform of Reversing Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment Based on the NIR-II Gold Hollow Nanorod for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Xinyuan Cui,Cheng Cao,Wanting Hao,Xinni Pan,Yu Cao,Yanfei Fu,Huifang Hao,Yingao Jiao,Shujing Lin,Shengsheng Cui,Ruokun Li,Yanlei Liu,Fuhua Yan

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a strongly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which enables tumor cells to evade immune cell attacks and hinder effective drug killing, thereby hindering the achievement of the desired therapeutic effect. In response, a novel nanoplatform- AuHNR@γ-Fe 2 O 3 @Lenvatinib@β-Glucan (AFLG) with surface modified β-1,3-glucan is developed, which exhibits potent immunostimulatory effect and the capability of repolarizing macrophages, to counteract the immunosuppressive conditions present in the tumor microenvironment. Leveraging the hollow structure of gold nanorods, Lenvatinib is efficiently loaded, a first-line targeted drug for HCC, which effectively inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, through atomic layer deposition, γ-Fe 2 O 3 is generated on the hollow gold nanorod surface, endowing it with chemodynamic therapy and magnetic resonance T 2 -weighted imaging capabilities while excellently maintaining the gold nanorod's superior photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging properties under 1064 nm excitation. These AFLG NPs feature dual-modal imaging and quadruple-modal synergistic therapy capabilities, along with their powerful potential in remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, offering an encouraging novel approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE · 2025 · IF 4.7

Cr³⁺/Ni²⁺ codoped LiGaSiO4: A thermally stable broadband NIR-II phosphor for non-invasive spectroscopic sensing of organic and aqueous systems

Yonghang Li,Yuhong Ma,Difan Lin,Fuyan Su,Qingfeng Cai,Wei Wang,Hongyu Lu,Hua Zou

Near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) luminescent materials are essential for NIR spectroscopy applications, including biometrics, night vision imaging, and chemical composition analysis. However, achieving thermally stable and ultra-broadband emission under ultraviolet-to-visible (UV–Vis) excitation remains a significant challenge. In this work, a high-efficiency NIR-II phosphor was reported by codoping Cr³⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions into the LiGaSiO₄ lattice, where Cr³⁺ serves as a sensitizer and Ni²⁺ acts as the primary emitter. Owing to the strong absorption of Cr³⁺ in the violet region and its efficient energy transfer to Ni²⁺, the LiGaSiO₄:Cr³⁺/Ni²⁺ phosphor exhibits intense NIR-II emission under 419 nm excitation, with a peak centered at 1250 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 227 nm. The material also demonstrates excellent thermal stability, retaining 73.3 % of its luminescence intensity at 393 K. Using a commercial 405 nm LED as the excitation source and a custom-engineered NIR-II spectroscopic detection platform, this phosphor enables functional group-specific differentiation of organic solvents and facilitates quantitative analysis of ethanol–water and NaCl–water binary systems across a broad concentration range. These findings highlight the potential of LiGaSiO₄:Cr 3+ /Ni 2+ as a robust NIR-II probe for next-generation portable sensing technologies, paving the way for the practical deployment of NIR-II photonics systems in industrial and biomedical applications.

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JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS · 2025 · IF 7.2

Dye-sensitized rare-earth-doped nanoparticles and MOF heterostructures for enhanced NIR-II fluorescence imaging and synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy

Ming Qian,Jiarui Du,Qichuan Jiang,Wei Tao,Jiayi Zhang,Liang Gong

Early diagnosis and treatment of cancer are key problems for effective cancer therapy. Therefore, the development of multifunctional materials that can integrate imaging and therapeutic functions is of great importance. Lanthanide-doped nanoparticles@metal-organic frameworks (Ln-NPs@MOFs) offer an unprecedented opportunity to address this challenge, by combining the imaging capabilities of rare earth-doped nanoparticles with the photosensitizing properties of MOFs for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanoparticle based on a zirconium-porphyrin metal-organic framework (PCN-224) for synergistic photothermal and photodynamic therapy. Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) that constitutes the MOF framework serves as a natural photosensitizer, enabling efficient photodynamic therapy through Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The dye indocyanine green (ICG) was loaded into the MOF pores to sensitize the Ln nanoparticles, enhancing the upconversion fluorescence by 41 times and the downconversion fluorescence by 5 times, which is beneficial to the biological efficacy for imaging diagnosis. Meanwhile, ICG, a traditional photothermal agent, also imparts photothermal therapy capabilities to the system. Furthermore, the encapsulation of cancer cell membranes not only enhances biocompatibility but also improves the material's targeting towards cancer cells, thereby greatly enhancing the therapeutic effect. This dual-functional material provides a promising platform for the integration of cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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ACS Applied Electronic Materials · 2025 · IF 4.7

Mn5+-Activated Highly Efficient NIR-II Emission Phosphor Ba10(PO4)6F2:Mn5+ for Compact Light Sources and Optical Fiber Temperature Sensors

Xin Yan,Sijie Su,Zitao Chen,Yongchao Jia,Yajie Li,Enhai Song,Qinyuan Zhang

The development of highly efficient near-infrared-II (NIR-II) emission phosphors is crucial for advancing compact light sources and their emerging applications. However, the discovery of target phosphors remains a major challenge. Herein, a high-efficiency apatite phosphor, Ba10(PO4)6F2:Mn5+, peaking at 1171 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 11 nm, is synthesized under an oxygen atmosphere. Benefiting from the crystallographic site confinement and oxygen partial pressure control in stabilizing pentavalent manganese, the phosphor exhibits a record internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 84.2% and external QE of 56%, alongside good thermal stability. By combining Ba10(PO4)6F2:Mn5+ with a red light-emitting diode (LED) chip, a phosphor-converted compact LED with an NIR-II output power of 40.86 mW at 300 mA and a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 6.82% is presented, demonstrating applications in nondestructive testing, etc. Furthermore, the different temperature-dependent behaviors of the zero-phonon line emission (1171 nm) and vibrational sidebands (1224/1289 nm) of Mn5+ in Ba10(PO4)6F2:Mn5+ enable the fabrication of a high-efficiency fluorescence intensity ratio optical fiber temperature sensor, exhibiting a maximum relative sensitivity value of 0.518% K–1 at 373 K. This work offers some insights into Mn5+-activated high-efficiency NIR-II emission phosphors and their potential for temperature sensing and compact light source applications.

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Advanced Science · 2023 ·Vol. 10 ·期 11 ·2206979 · IF 15.1

X-Ray Activatable Au/Ag Nanorods for Tumor Radioimmunotherapy Sensitization and Monitoring of the Therapeutic Response Using NIR-II Photoacoustic Imaging

Si Zheng,Duyang Gao,Yayun Wu,Dehong Hu,Ziyue Li,Yuenan Wang,Hairong Zheng,Yingjia Li,Zonghai Sheng

Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an advanced physical therapy used to kill primary cancer cells and inhibit the growth of distant metastatic cancer cells. However, challenges remain because RIT generally has low efficacy and serious side effects, and its effects are difficult to monitor in vivo. This work reports that Au/Ag nanorods (NRs) enhance the effectiveness of RIT against cancer while allowing the therapeutic response to be monitored using activatable photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm). The Au/Ag NRs can be etched using high-energy X-ray to release silver ions (Ag + ), which promotes dendritic cell (DC) maturation, enhances T-cell activation and infiltration, and effectively inhibits primary and distant metastatic tumor growth. The survival time of metastatic tumor-bearing mice treated with Au/Ag NR-enhanced RIT is 39 days compared with 23 days in the PBS control group. Furthermore, the surface plasmon absorption intensity at 1040 nm increases fourfold after Ag + are released from the Au/Ag NRs, allowing X-ray activatable NIR-II PA imaging to monitor the RIT response with a high signal-to-background ratio of 24.4. Au/Ag NR-based RIT has minimal side effects and shows great promise for precise cancer RIT.

✓ 已验证 DOI PubMed 高影响因子
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BIOMATERIALS · 2022 · IF 15.304

“Double-punch” strategy against triple-negative breast cancer via a synergistic therapy of magneto-mechanical force enhancing NIR-II hypothermal ablation

Hui Du,Fang Yang,Chenyang Yao,Wenhao Lv,Hao Peng,Stefan G. Stanciu,Harald A. Stenmark,Young Min Song,Bo Jiang,Aiguo Wu

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a form of breast cancer that is more aggressive and harder to treat than others, with a higher probability of relapse. Its nefarious capabilities for migrating and invading other parts of the body together with the current lack of clinically established effective therapies account for a low survival rate. In this work, we demonstrate the in-tandem use of two complementary therapeutic routes to effectively combat TNBC. A versatile magnetic-photothermal converter (MPC) consisting of zinc-doped ferrite nanoparticles and polyethene glycol, is shown to display excellent therapeutic efficiency, being capable to fight TNBC via two distinct routes: magneto-mechanical force (MMF) and near-infrared-II (NIR-II) hypothermal ablation. The combined use of these two complementary and synergistic therapies, which are less aggressive to the human body compared to conventional chemotherapeutic approaches, results in the splendid suppression of TNBC migration and invasion. Remotely controlling the MPCs by an external magnetic field , results in cellular MMF effects that cause direct mechanical destruction to the cancer cell membrane , leading to its necrosis. Furthermore, the MMF disrupts intracellular lysosomes , thereby triggering the release of large amounts of protein hydrolases , which induce intracellular oxidative stress , and accelerate the induction of apoptosis. Complementing the therapeutic approach based on MMF, the excellent photothermal performance of the MPC in the NIR-II region (1064 nm) is exploited to enable effective hypothermal ablation of the tumours, which can be achieved in deep tissue layers. The proposed multifunctional nanocomposites , together with the demonstrated “double-punch” therapeutic approach, hold significant potential to pave the way for future cutting-edge weapons against the dreadful TNBC.

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MICROCHIMICA ACTA · 2026 ·Vol. 193 ·期 11 ·744 · IF 5.4

A tumor microenvironment-activatable CuS@TF nanosystem with intrinsic multi-nanozyme properties for NIR-II photoacoustic imaging-guided synergistic PTT/CDT

Liang Zhixing,Wang Wenyi,Liu Yanfei,Yuan Tao,Sun Jinwei,Li Xuliang,Liu Yan-Cheng,Guo Xiaohuan,Mo Yuxuan,Wen Changchun

The efficacy of single-modal chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is often restricted by the antioxidant scavenging of overexpressed glutathione (GSH) within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and insufficient catalytic kinetics. Meanwhile, traditional photothermal therapy (PTT) also faces bottlenecks of a single therapeutic mechanism and low photothermal conversion efficiency, leading to unsatisfactory overall anti-tumor outcomes. To address these challenges, we constructed a smart-responsive, core-shell multifunctional nanotheranostic platform for near-infrared-II (NIR-II) photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided synergistic PTT/CDT. This platform utilizes copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS) as the photothermal core, conformally coated in situ with an Fe-tannic acid (TF) metal-phenolic network (MPN) shell (CuS@TF). In the mildly acidic TME, the TF shell dissociates to expose Fe/Cu bimetallic catalytic centers possessing excellent intrinsic peroxidase-like and catalase-like activities. Driven by the synergistic reduction of endogenous GSH and tannic acid, CuS@TF not only effectively depletes antioxidant GSH but also efficiently modulates H 2 O 2 metabolism, triggering a cascade burst of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Furthermore, under 1064 nm laser irradiation, the highly efficient localized hyperthermia generated by the CuS core not only directly ablates the tumor but also thermodynamically boosts the catalytic kinetics of the nanozymes, achieving profound PTT-sensitized CDT. Systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate that, under the precise navigation of PA imaging, CuS@TF exhibits remarkable tumor eradication efficacy (with a tumor inhibition rate of ~ 96.2%) and excellent in vivo biosafety. This work provides a novel design paradigm for the development of precise synergistic tumor theranostics based on multifunctional nanozymes. Graphical

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PROGRESS IN SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY · 2026 · IF 9.7

A-site cation engineering of Mn5+-activated ABaPO4 (A=Li, Na, K) phosphors for high-performance NIR-II luminescence and optical thermometry

Yutong Wang,Hang Zhao,Jiayin Niu,Anurak Weahayee,Wanwisa Limphirat,Theeranun Siritanon,Jingyi Ren,Peng Jiang,Yanfei Sun,Tingting Lu

The development of high-performance narrowband near-infrared second window (NIR-II) phosphors remains a critical challenge in the fields of advanced bioimaging and optical thermometry. Herein, a series of Mn 5+ -doped ABaPO 4 (A = Li, Na, K) phosphors are synthesized via conventional solid-state method, and the effect of A-site alkali metal cations on their crystal structure and luminescence properties is comparatively investigated. Mn K -edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy unambiguously confirms that Mn ions are predominantly stabilized in the +5 oxidation state and exclusively occupy tetrahedral [PO 4 ] sites in all three hosts. All samples exhibit characteristic narrowband NIR-II emission in the 1160-1200 nm range originating from the 1 E → 3 A 2 spin-forbidden transition of Mn 5+ . The lattice distortion induced by different A-site cations significantly modulates the doping limit, crystal field strength, thermal stability and temperature sensing performance of Mn 5+ ions. All three Mn 5+ -doped hosts exhibit good thermal stability. The fluorescence decay lifetime of LiBaPO 4 : Mn 5+ reaches 772.436 μs＀ NaBaPO 4 : Mn 5+ shows unique energy level splitting and achieves a maximum relative temperature sensitivity of 2.43% K −1 based on the fluorescence intensity ratio technique. KBaPO 4 : Mn 5+ possesses a highly symmetric crystal lattice and a higher doping limit, with a thermal quenching activation energy ( ΔE ) of 0.414 eV. This work not only provides three promising NIR-II phosphors for bioimaging and optical thermometry, but also offers new insights into the research of Mn 5+ -activated phosphate systems.

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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL · 2026 · IF 12.5

Bacteria-responsive injectable hydrogel based on quaternized chitosan for real-time infection monitoring and synergistic NIR-II photodynamic/photothermal anti-infection therapy

Wen-Zhen Li,Dongyang Li,Huanhuan Wang,Hongli Zhang,Xipeng Li,Xiaoling Yang,Jiamei Wang,Anning Yang,Qin Zeng,Judun Zheng,Yideng Jiang,Yuhui Liao

Green-Synthesized Scaffolds for Smart Hydrogels. Green-synthesized quaternized chitosan (QCS) represents an ideal macromolecular backbone for constructing functional hydrogels, driven by its structural tunability, excellent aqueous solubility, and intrinsic cationic nature. Unlike native chitosan, the targeted introduction of quaternary ammonium groups endows QCS with a permanent positive charge. This modification not only enhances its degradation but also confers superior antibacterial efficacy and mucoid hesiveness. By leveraging QCS as a versatile scaffold to rationally design polysaccharide-based hydrogels with tailored physicochemical and biological profiles, this work provides a sustainable and highly effective platform for advancing next-generation bioactive materials. • Sol-Gel transition and enhanced antibacterial performance. Macrocyclic host TEBox markedly improves EGCG’s (guest) water solubility and antibacterial effect via host-guest interactions. It also effectively drives the Sol-Gel transition of QCS-EC Sol, finally enabling the preparation of bacteria-responsive multifunctional injectable hydrogel (MQCEC-TEB Gel). This gel has excellent skin adhesion and promotes cell proliferation and tissue regeneration. • Real-Time, Visual Infection Monitoring. Key innovation: a chaotropic effect-based bacteria-responsive agent (TEBox-B 12 ). When exposed to bacteria, TEBox-B 12 undergoes in situ reduction to generate stable organic radicals, causing rapid visible color change (pale yellow to deep purple). This provides a revolutionary tool for early, non-invasive, real-time infection diagnosis. • Synergistic Anti-infection Therapy for Deep Tissue. Radicals from the above reaction not only enable color development but also have strong NIR-II absorption, allowing the hydrogel to achieve deep-tissue photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) antibacterial therapy. NIR-II light penetrates deeper into tissue, overcoming traditional phototherapy limitations. This study presents a new smart dressing and "diagnosis-and-therapy integration" strategy, offering a new paradigm for managing invasive infection wounds. Smart hydrogel dressings with sustained wound-healing promotion and infection-monitoring capabilities demonstrate significant potential for invasive infection wound repair. Inspired by mussels, a highly adhesive and multifunctional injectable antibacterial hydrogel dressing (MQCEC-TEB Gel) was developed for wound repair and real-time infection monitoring, comprising a viscous hydrogel scaffold (QCS-EC) and a bacteria-responsive agent (TEBox-B 12 ) crosslinked via host-guest interaction. The epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was incorporated into quaternized chitosan (QCS) enhancing the viscosity of QCS and forming the QCS-EC scaffold by hydrogen bonding, providing sustained antibacterial activity and promoting wound-healing. Meanwhile, the bacteria-responsive agent TEBox-B 12 self-assembles via a chaotropic effect between box-shaped quaternized pyridinium salt (TEBox) and the superchaotropic anion B 12 H 12 2− . Upon bacterial exposure, TEBox-B 12 underwent in situ reduction, generating stable organic radicals that trigger a rapid visible color change from pale yellow to deep purple for real-time infection monitoring. The resulting radicals also exhibit strong NIR-II absorption, enabling deep-tissue photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) antibacterial therapy. The host-guest interactions between TEBox of TEBox-B 12 and EGCG on QCS-EC improves the water solubility and antibacterial efficiency of EGCG, facilitating Sol-Gel transition to form the injectable MQCEC-TEB Gel platform. This system synergistically integrates host-guest interaction, NIR-II PDT, and PTT to efficiently eradicate deep-tissue bacteria and promote wound healing, offering a novel multimodal strategy for early diagnosis, non-invasive monitoring and treatment of invasive infection wounds.

CAS / MDL: 989-51-5
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Advanced Optical Materials · 2026 ·Vol. 14 ·期 17 ·e71226 · IF 7.2

Bridging the Gap Between NIR-I and NIR-II Bands via Efficient Cr3+→Ni2+ Energy Transfer in Superstoichiometric MgO·nGa2O3 (n > 1) Spinels

Jinwei Liu,Jiaxin Li,Guojun Zheng,Chuan Liao,Jianhong Wu,Jianrong Qiu,Wenge Xiao

Cr 3+ emission can well cover the NIR-I region (700–950 nm), while Ni 2+ emission typically extends across the NIR-II region (1000–1700 nm), making the Cr 3+ –Ni 2+ co-doped phosphors among the most promising ultrabroadband NIR emitters for phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). However, a pronounced gap or even spectral discontinuity between the two emission bands results in a severely imbalanced photon flux across the spectrum, thereby degrading multicomponent spectral detection accuracy and significantly limiting the practical applications of such NIR pc-LED devices. Here, we report a superstoichiometric spinel MgO· n Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ ,Ni 2+ ( n > 1) phosphor, in which the excess Ga 2 O 3 increases the degree of cation inversion to achieve a long-wavelength Cr 3+ emission at 895 nm, substantially elevating the spectral gap height to a state-of-the-art value of ≈36%. Moreover, efficient energy transfer from Cr 3+ to Ni 2+ enables the optimized MgO·1.2Ga 2 O 3 :Cr 3+ ,Ni 2+ phosphor to demonstrate a high internal quantum efficiency of 97% and excellent thermal stability. Finally, the as-fabricated NIR pc-LED delivers an exceptional photoelectric efficiency of 21% at 20 mA and a maximum NIR output power of 62 mW at 350 mA. This work establishes a new pathway toward next-generation compact ultrabroadband NIR pc-LEDs featuring unprecedented spectral flatness and superior optoelectronic performance.

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