JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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2019
·
IF 7.467
Hao Feng,Xiaohong Jiao,Rong Chen,Xun Zhu,Qiang Liao,Dingding Ye,Biao Zhang,Wei Zhang
In this work, the nitrogen-doped TiO 2 photocatalyst is synthesized and applied in a microfluidic all-vanadium photoelectrochemical cell for enhancing the solar energy storage. The use of the nitrogen-doped TiO 2 photoanode and the minimization design can ensure the visible-light response, increased specific surface area, vigorous pore structure and enhanced photon and mass transport as well as more uniform light distribution. Various characterizations are performed to evaluate the developed photocatalyst and microfluidic all-vanadium photoelectrochemical cell. The results confirm that the developed nitrogen-doped TiO 2 photoanode can provide both the extended absorption spectrum and the small anatase crystal size as well as the obviously enlarged specific surface area with plentiful pore structure. Because of these merits, the microfluidic all-vanadium photoelectrochemical cell with the nitrogen-doped TiO 2 photoanode yield the average photocurrent density of 0.103 mA/cm 2 during the long-term operation, which is much higher than those with the un-doped TiO 2 photoanode (0.086 mA/cm 2 ) and commercial P25 TiO 2 photoanode (0.073 mA/cm 2 ), presenting 19.8% and 41% improvements, respectively. The results demonstrate not only the promotion of the vanadium reversible redox pairs conversion but also the inherently excellent stability by the nitrogen-doped TiO 2 photoanode.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE IN SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSING
·
2019
·
IF 2.722
Nannan Geng,Wei Chen,Hang Xu,Tao Lin,Mingmei Ding,Yi Wang,Hui Tao,Kai Hu
In order to remove the humic acid (HA) from the drinking water efficiently, novel quaternary Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 –N-GO (FTNG) sonocatalysts with different amounts of Fe 3 O 4 were simply synthesized, and a sono-photocatalytic system was used by combining photocatalysis and ultrasound processes. A series of characterizations were performed to confirm the successful synthesis of FTNG and some of its properties, and the results showed that FTNG with an appropriate amount of Fe 3 O 4 can extend the range of light absorption to over 400nm (UV-vis spectra) and improve the separation efficiency of electrons and holes (Photocurrent responses). Raman spectra indicated the reduction of GO. Sono-photocatalytic performance was investigated under visible light irradiation and the effect of ultrasound was studied. Among all the catalysts, FTNG-0.2 with 0.2 g Fe 3 O 4 , exhibited the best HA removal abilities, about 80% for sono-adsorption and 93% for sono-photocatalysis. The removal efficiency in sono-photocatalytic system was about 42% higher than only adsorption and 26% higher than only photocatalysis. Finally, we proposed the possible reaction mechanisms. First, ultrasound pretreatment had a positive effect on HA removal, and a Fenton-like system was then established with H 2 O 2 produced by cavitation effect. Second, the doping of Fe 3 O 4 , N and GO improved the quantum efficiency. The improvement of visible light catalytic performance is mainly attributed to the doping of N. This work is significant for the field of ultrasonic and catalytic degradation, especially for the removal of humic acid in drinking water.
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Journal of Physical Chemistry C
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2019
·
IF 4.309
Zepeng Rao,Xiaofeng Xie,Xiao Wang,Asad Mahmood,Shengrui Tong,Maofa Ge,Jing Sun
A series of Er-doped TiO2 photocatalysts, using Er(NO3)3·6H2O precursor ranging from 0.5 to 2 mol %, were synthesized via sol–gel method with titanium(IV) isopropoxide solution as reactant. The structure and properties of as-prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, photoluminescence, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and photocurrent. The as-synthesized Er-doped TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated improved photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of selected volatile organic compounds, including acetaldehyde, o-xylene, and ethylene. Additionally, high photodegradation of acetaldehyde was recorded in the visible region (λ > 420 nm). XPS analysis revealed that a handful of Er in anatase TiO2 was presented in the form of Er2O3, which benefited by increasing the specific surface area ranging from 59.28 to 110.34 m2/g and consequently enhanced the adsorption capacity for acetaldehyde, o-xylene, and ethylene 3.3, 3.7, and 3.8 times, respectively, in contrast to the undoped TiO2. Electron spin resonance results showed that Er doping caused production of oxygen vacancies (VO) and Ti3+, which promoted the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst. The TiO2 samples containing 0.5–1.5% Er content exhibited higher photoactivity in comparison with other samples. The highest removal efficiency of acetaldehyde and o-xylene within 100 min was 99.2 and 84.6%, respectively, and ethylene degradation efficiency reached 22.4% within 180 min. Furthermore, the visible light elimination efficiency of acetaldehyde was 25.5%. Finally, the results suggested that Er doping predominantly inhibited the catalyst poisoning in the degradation of o-xylene.
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
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2019
·Vol. 21
·期 24
·12850-12858
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IF 3.567
Xin Jiang,Qinqin Sang,Ming Yang,Juan Du,Weie Wang,Libin Yang,Xiaoxia Han,Bing Zhao
The exploitation of new types of non-metal surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high performances and the exploration of enhancement mechanisms are of vital importance for the development of the SERS technology due to its potential prospects in both the spectroscopy and material fields. Here, a magnetic SERS-active substrate hybridized by reduced graphene oxide (rGO), TiO2 and Fe3O4 (rGO–TiO2–Fe3O4) was successfully prepared via the combination of a simple sol-hydrothermal method and a co-precipitation method. The as-synthesized rGO–TiO2–Fe3O4 nanohybrid not only exhibited outstanding SERS detection ability with high sensitivity and spectral reproducibility, but also could be recycled with high stability based on its self-cleaning capacity and magnetism. Exploiting these features, it could be used for the SERS detection of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), 4-mercaptopyridine (4-MPy), 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate (6-MP), 1,2-di(4-pyridyl) ethylene (BPE) and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with the detection limits of 1.0 × 10−10, 1.0 × 10−8, 1.0 × 10−10, 1.0 × 10−10 and 1.0 × 10−9 mol L−1, respectively; these are the highest SERS sensitivity values among those reported for semiconductor substrates and are even lower than that of noble metal substrates. Meanwhile, an SERS enhancement mechanism from the synergistic effects of the rGO, TiO2 and Fe3O4 components was proposed to explain the observed considerable SERS enhancement on rGO–TiO2–Fe3O4.
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OPTICS EXPRESS
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2019
·Vol. 27
·期 17
·23981-23995
·
IF 3.561
Anxin Jiao,Hua Zhang,Linlin Xu,Yue Tian,Xiangdong Liu,Ming Chen,Feng Chen
The blue laser beam-excited surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based pH sensing holds great promise for avoiding undesired thermal heating effect on some special temperature-vulnerable molecules, as compared to the vast majority studies by exciting in the red or near-infrared (NIR). Herein, we report an ingenious approach to support core-shell Au@Ag nanodendrites (NDs) on TiO2 nanowires, which can possess enhanced SERS activity under 473 nm laser excitation, owing to the improved charge-transfer effect on modified TiO2 support by inserting plasmonic Au@Ag. By using pH-indicating 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), the obtained TiO2/Au@Ag NDs can not only exhibit high sensitive linear-responses of pH changes ranging from pH 4.0 to 9.0 in different solutions (deionized water, NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2) but also provide excellent temperature stability under 4°C, 25°C and 37°C temperatures as well as good time stability after storage for 10 days. The established SERS-pH sensing by using shorter wavelength laser excitation is highly desirable for understanding physiological process in temperature-vulnerable microenvironment.
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JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
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2019
·Vol. 21
·期 6
·1-17
·
IF 2.009
An Mingze,Li Li,Zhang Jingjing,Zhao Lijie,Yang Changlong
In this paper, a three-dimensional ordered hollow sphere (3DOH) structure composite Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 was prepared by using polystyrene (PS) colloidal spheres as the template and combining with two-step vacuum impregnation method, of which the composition, crystalline structure, morphology, and surface physicochemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance (UV-vis/DRS), photoluminescence (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements. The results illustrate the crystal type of 3DOH Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 is mainly anatase TiO 2 and tetragonal ZrO 2 phase, which exhibits a three-dimensional ordered hollow sphere structure. Hollow spheres are arranged orderly; moreover, the composite shows a strong absorption in the visible region due to the effect of surface plasmon absorption (SPA) after doping Pt nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic activity of 3DOH Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 was investigated by using Congo red as the model molecule. The results show that 3DOH Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 has good photocatalytic activity under multi-modes photocatalytic experiments, and its activity is higher than that of P25, ZrO 2 , and other Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 not treated by PS colloidal spheres. In addition, the total amount of hydrogen production of 3DOH Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 is 100 times as much as the commercial P25 in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiment (8 h), which shows an excellent photolysis of water hydrogen production activity.
The three-dimensional ordered hollow sphere composite 3DOH Pt/TiO 2 -ZrO 2 was prepared by using polystyrene colloidal spheres (PS) as the template and combining with the two-step vacuum impregnation method, which had both good photocatalytic activity under multi-modes and ability on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2019
·
IF 8.355
Chao Liu,ShanShan Dong,Yinguang Chen
Effective interface contact between components in heterojunction is crucial to realize high photocatalytic performance of photocatalyst. In this paper, the improvement of heterojunction contact by forming new ternary heterostructure via calcining the mixture of tetracycline and melamine to obtain the graphene-like carbon plane grafted g-C 3 N 4 and then coupling it with TiO 2 is reported. The unique carbon plane, which is anchored into g-C 3 N 4 basal domains, acts as a significant role to achieve the sufficient ternary heterojunction contact in the novel carbon plane/g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 nanostructure system. Under visible-light irradiation, the new ternary nanocomposite exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity for efficient removal of aqueous organic contaminants: methylene blue (98.6%), tetracycline (94.0%), and norfloxacin (95.3%), with the corresponding degradation rate constants of 0.0441, 0.0302, and 0.0125 min −1 , respectively, which are 54.1, 9.8, and 9.4 times higher than that of the pure g-C 3 N 4 . The mechanism study indicates that the excellent photocatalytic activity is attributed to the effective heterojunction, which can successfully extend visible-light absorption, promote charge separation efficiency, and suppress recombination of the photocatalytic electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the electron spin resonance (ESR) assay and radical scavenger experiments demonstrate that the photogenerated holes (h + ), superoxide anion radicals ( O 2 − ), and hydroxyl radical ( OH) play vital roles in photocatalytic degradation process. Importantly, this work may open up novel insights into the design of ternary heterostructure with highly efficacious photocatalytic performance, which suggests attractive applications in environment protection.
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Catalysts
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·69
·
IF 3.52
Zhen Cao,Tingting Zhang,Pin Ren,Ding Cao,Yanjun Lin,Liren Wang,Bing Zhang,Xu Xiang
We demonstrate that using neoprene as a binder during the fabrication of TiO2-coated fabrics enhances the rates of photodegradation of dyes by the fabrics. The neoprene binder simultaneously modifies the surface of the TiO2particles with Cl and dopes the TiO2with Cl, without requiring high temperatures or other harsh laboratory treatments. The adsorption of chlorine on the surface and doping of the lattice with chlorine were confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The chloride ions adsorbed onto the TiO2surface introduces a negative surface charge that enhances electrostatic adsorption of cationic dyes, and greatly improves the self-sensitizing degradation performance of the dyes. Chloride ions replace lattice oxygen atoms in TiO2, inducing lattice oxygen vacancies, that reduce the apparent band gap of the TiO2particles, enhancing its absorption of visible light, and further increasing the photocatalytic activity of the composite-coated fabric. The degradation rates of RhB and MB over 50 min were 95.2% and 96.0%, respectively. The degradation rate for MO reached 95.4% after 180 min. We also show that •OH and •O2−are active agents in the dye-degradation mechanism. Moreover, the photocatalytic performance of the composite-coated fabric was unchanged after eight cycles of photocatalytic degradation of RhB, demonstrating that the photocatalyst-coated fabrics was highly recyclable.Keywords:TiO2-coated fabrics;self-sensitizing degradation;neoprene;chlorine doping;oxygen vacancies
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Catalysts
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 11
·927
·
IF 3.444
Aiguo Han,Mei Li,Shengbo Zhang,Xinli Zhu,Jinyu Han,Qingfeng Ge,Hua Wang
In recent years, defective TiO2-based composite nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of photocatalysis. In this work, TiB2was used as a precursor to successfully prepare Ti3+defective TiO2(TiO2-B) with a truncated bipyramidal structure by a one-step method. Then, the SnS2nanosheets were assembled onto the as-prepared TiO2-B through simple hydrothermal reaction. TiO2-B exhibits strong visible light absorption properties, but the recombination rate of the photo-generated electron-hole pair was high and does not exhibit ideal photocatalytic performance. Upon introducing SnS2, the heterojunction catalyst SnS2-Ti3+defective TiO2(SnS2/TiO2-B) not only possesses the strong light absorption from UV to visible light region, the lowest photo-generated charge recombination rate but also achieves a more negative conduction band potential than the reduction potential of CO2to CO, and thereby, exhibits the significantly enhanced selectivity and yield of CO in photocatalytic CO2reduction. Notably, SnS2/TiO2-B produces CO at a rate of 58 µmol·h−1·g−1with CO selectivity of 96.3% under visible light irradiation, which is 2 and 19 times greater than those of alone TiO2-B and SnS2, respectively. Finally, a plausible photocatalytic mechanism on SnS2/TiO2-B was proposed that the electron transfer between TiO2and SnS2follows the Z-scheme mode. Our results present an effective way to gain highly efficient TiO2based photocatalysts for CO2reduction by combining different modification methods of TiO2and make full use of the synergistic effects.Keywords:photocatalytic CO2reduction;TiO2nanoplates;SnS2nanosheets;Ti3+defective TiO2
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
Qingjie Wang,Yan Cui,Rongjiao Huang,Laifu Zhong,Peng Yan,Shilin Zhang,Qihang Zhao,Denghui Jiang,Aidong Tang,Huaming Yang
Completely decomposing low concentrations of organic pollutants in neutral wastewater under sunlight irradiation poses an important challenge for water treatment systems. A combination of photocatalysis and Fenton techniques is expected to solve this problem. Herein, a novel heterogeneous Fenton reaction system with good photocatalytic performance was developed by activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) via nitrogen-doped TiO 2 (N-TiO 2 ) and acid-activated sepiolite (ASep) nanocomposites (N-TiO 2 /ASep). The N-TiO 2 /ASep nanocomposites were prepared by anchoring the N-TiO 2 onto ASep. The electronic structure of the Ti 3+ self-doped N-doped TiO 2 was regulated by calcining N-TiO 2 /ASep nanocomposites under different atmospheres. Methyl orange degradation, influencing factors, and reaction mechanisms under visible light irradiation were investigated in detail. The results indicated that, under visible light irradiation, N-TiO 2 /ASep alone had almost no photocatalytic activity, and PMS alone exhibited only 20% photocatalytic activity. However, the N-TiO 2 /ASep(N 2 )/PMS system degraded about 95% of the methyl orange within 60 min. By contrast, the reaction rate constant of N-TiO 2 /ASep(N 2 )/PMS was nearly 5.44 times higher than that of TiO 2 /PMS . This excellent performance was attributed to the synergy among N-TiO 2 , ASep, and PMS. Moreover, the calculated carrier density and photocurrent density of N-TiO 2 /ASep (N 2 ) was nearly 3.75 and 2.80 times that of N-TiO 2 /ASep (Air), suggesting that N-TiO 2 /ASep(N 2 ) had a greater carrier separation efficiency because more Ti 3+ species were provided. Furthermore, radical scavenger experiments and electron spin resonance testing demonstrated that h + , O 2 − , SO 4 − and OH were the important radicals. More importantly, photocatalytic performance was optimal at pH 7 in the presence of various ions. The results of this study expanded the applications of PMS and advanced oxidation processes. This work provides the necessary scientific basis for further studies of organic pollutant remediation.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 5.155
Dan Yang,Yufeng Ni,Xinxin Kong,Hao Xue,Wenli Guo,Liqun Zhang
Recently, dopamine and its secondary function are being used as the intermediate to tailor the surface molecular structure of high-dielectric-constant nanoparticles , which improves interfacial interaction of dielectric elastomer (DE) composites, due to their versatile adhesion properties. However, the high-cost of dopamine limits the large-scale applications of DE. Herein, a mussel-inspired modification of TiO 2 nanoparticles is presented to prepare high-performance natural rubber (NR) DE composites by replacing dopamine with cheaper poly(catechol/polyamine) (PCPA). First, the TiO 2 nanoparticles were deposited with PCPA. Then, the PCPA-coated TiO 2 nanoparticles were further grafted with γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (KH570), which contains double bonds and denoted as TiO 2 -PCPA-KH570. Owing to the presence of C C bonds, the TiO 2 -PCPA-KH570 nanoparticles participated in the vulcanization of NR and the TiO 2 -PCPA-KH570/NR composites exhibited enhanced filler dispersion and interfacial interaction, leading to the improved mechanical, dielectric, and electromechanical properties. Furthermore, the 10 phr TiO 2 -PCPA-KH570/NR composite resulted in the largest actuated strain of 12.3%, which is ~2 times higher than that of the largest actuated strain of pure NR (6.0%). The present study provides a high-efficient and cost-effective route to obtain DEAs with enhanced electromechanical properties.
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Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 10
·1583
·
IF 2.972
Zhen Li,Libo Yu
Size controllable TiO2hollow microspheres (HMS) were synthesized by a carbonaceous spheres (CS) template method. Based on TiO2HMS, the ZnS/CdS quantum dots (QDs) were loaded to form a ZnS/CdS@TiO2HMS photoanode for quantum dots sensitized solar cell (QDSSC). The size effects of TiO2HMS on photovoltaic performance were investigated, and showed that TiO2HMS with sizes ~560 nm produced the best short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 8.02 mA cm−2and highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.83%, showing a better photovoltaic performance than any other QDSSCs based on TiO2HMS with size ~330 nm, ~400 nm, and ~700 nm. The improvement of photovoltaic performance based on ~560 nm TiO2HMS which can be ascribed to the enhanced light harvesting efficiency caused by multiple light reflection and strong light scattering of TiO2HMS. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra and incident photo to the current conversion efficiency (IPCE) test results confirmed that the size of TiO2HMS has an obvious effect on light harvesting efficiency. A further application of ~560 nm TiO2HMS in ZnS/PbS/CdS QDSSC can improve the PCE to 2.73%, showing that TiO2HMS has wide applicability in the design of QDSSCs.Keywords:titanium dioxide;hollow microspheres;quantum dots sensitized solar cells
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