Laser & Photonics Reviews
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2026
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IF 10
Jiaxue Ren,Zexuan Chen,Zhuo Li,Song Shen,Henggang Wang,Yongqing Zhai,Zhengxu Cai,Zhenguang Wang
Achieving high-temperature-resistant afterglow is highly desirable yet challenging, primarily due to exciton deactivation at elevated temperatures. In this work, a co-pyrolysis strategy was proposed to achieve such afterglow by modulating the emission dynamics of organic molecules through introducing of structural defects. These defects facilitate exciton transfer to guest molecules, extending and balancing the lifetimes of both thermally activated delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence processes. The structural defects also promote thermoluminescence, wherein elevated temperatures trigger the release of trapped electrons to the guest molecules, thereby contributing significantly to the exceptional high-temperature afterglow stability. Additionally, the pyrolysis process generates ammelide, which protects excitons from deactivation. These synergistic effects yield afterglow materials exhibiting a photoluminescence quantum yield of 59.9% and an emission lifetime of 3.5 s. Remarkably, intense afterglow emission persists from 25 to 150°C with negligible changes in emission color, intensity, and decay kinetics. These findings provide valuable insights for modulating the emission dynamics of afterglow materials, suggesting promising applications in information security, biomedical diagnosis, and chemical sensing.
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2026
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IF 7.8
Yujie Hou,Zongqing Bai,Zhenxing Guo,Lingxue Kong,Jin Bai,Wen Li
The catalytic upgrading of coal pyrolysis volatiles represents a crucial route for the value-added utilization of low-rank coal. This study addresses the role of kaolin support modification in controlling the performance of NiO-based catalysts for this process. A series of NiO catalysts were synthesized via precipitation-deposition on kaolin supports subjected to different pre-treatments: calcination (MK800, CK1100), acid-modification (AMK800), and alkali-modification (ACK1100). Comprehensive characterization established a clear structure–activity relationship. The strong metal-support interaction in NiO/Kaolin catalysts facilitated high NiO dispersion, enhanced redox activity, and increased accessible sites density. Beyond the redox activity of NiO, modification strategies also critically influenced the textural and acidic properties. While NiO infilled micropores in the pre-etched AMK800 and ACK1100 with high specific surface area to form mesoporous networks, it induced leaching and pore generation in the solely calcined supports. Catalytic tests in upgrading Hami coal pyrolysis volatiles revealed superior performance of the NiO/Kaolin systems over bare supports, arising from a synergy between NiO redox sites and surface acidity. This synergy promoted oxidative cracking and deoxygenation, elevating the light tar fraction to 63.7–71.9 wt% (from 42.9 wt%) and reducing the tar O/C ratio by 16.3%–53.4% compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis. The 10NiO/AMK catalyst delivered optimal tar lightening and BTEX yield (increasing from 4.6 mg/g to 12.8 mg/g), whereas 10NiO/ACK achieved the highest deoxygenation efficiency and aromatic selectivity. This work clarifies how targeted kaolin modification dictates catalyst architecture and function, providing a foundation for designing efficient, clay-based catalysts for industrial tar upgrading.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 19.9
Siheng Liu,Chaozhong Shen,Zijie Deng,Xianhua Huan,Bin Du,Yushun Zhao,Hefeng Li,Chunyang Xu,Wenbin You,Renchao Che
Interfacial polarization is a cornerstone of dielectric engineering, yet the thermal processing required for interface construction typically triggers grain coarsening, thereby undermining interfacial density and dielectric performance. Here, a microwave non-equilibrium pyrolysis strategy is developed to overcome this bottleneck. By preprogramming compositional heterogeneity in a Zn-Ni bimetallic MOF and introducing a carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffold with strong microwave coupling capability, rapid structural reconstruction is achieved on a second-level timescale. Microwave-induced plasma arc discharge and transient thermal shock facilitate the confined nucleation and nanoscale dispersion of ZnO/NiO within N-doped carbon, creating a dense multiphase heterogeneous interface. This non-equilibrium pathway effectively suppresses structural relaxation, significantly boosting interfacial polarization and localized electric-field perturbations. Consequently, the MOF-derivatives achieve potent electromagnetic wave attenuation reaching a minimum reflection loss of −55.16 dB at 1.85 mm. Furthermore, this second-level strategy enables the energy-efficient and high-throughput production of heterogeneous powders, which, when integrated into macro-periodic architectures, achieve an ultra-wide bandwidth of 11.98 GHz. This work establishes a non-equilibrium pyrolysis paradigm that enables next-generation electromagnetic wave absorbers with integrated ultra-wideband performance and a minimal energy footprint.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
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2026
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IF 7
Xiao Yang,Li Qiu,Kehui Cen,Xiaoran Li,Dengyu Chen
Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic enables simultaneous production of biochar, bio-oil, and gaseous products and also offers a pathway for waste recycling and valorization. This research investigates the synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis of cellulose and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by TG-FTIR and a fixed bed reactor. Kinetic analyses by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) models showed that the average activation energy ( E a ) for pyrolysis of cellulose and LDPE individually was 184.1 and 267.4 kJ/mol, respectively, whereas that of 1:1 cellulose/LDPE mixture decreased to 150.4 kJ/mol. Pyrolysis experiment showed that co-pyrolysis suppressed biochar formation while enhancing yields of bio-oil and gaseous products. Co-pyrolysis enriched carbon and removed oxygen in biochar, resulting in maximum graphitization degree and higher heating value (HHV) of 31.51 MJ/kg at 700 °C. Additionally, co-pyrolysis decreased the relative content of light oxygenated compounds in bio-oil. The inhibitory effect of co-pyrolysis on aldehydes, ketones, and acids was maximum at 600 °C. Co-pyrolysis enhanced CH 4 and H 2 formation and suppressed CO 2 and CO. At 700 °C, CH 4 and H 2 proportions peaked to 19.3 vol% and 13.1 vol%, respectively, during co-pyrolysis. This research provides fundamental insights into the synergistic mechanisms of biomass and plastic co-pyrolysis for polygeneration.
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ACS Omega
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2026
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IF 5.2
Lianhua Hou,Chen Wang,Jing Chen,Bo Sun,Ziyi Xu,Baojian Shen,Chunming Xu,Xiaochun Zhu
The Triassic Chang 7 shale in the Ordos Basin is recognized as an important supplementary resource alongside conventional petroleum reserves. Nevertheless, conventional techniques cannot achieve cost-effective production. In this study, a copper-based catalyst, copper-tetraethylenepentamine (Cu-TEPA), was synthesized and its catalytic performance was evaluated via shale pyrolysis in a sealed system under fixed experimental conditions: a thermal reaction temperature of 450 °C, a constant heating duration of 3 h, and a Cu-TEPA-to-raw shale mass ratio of 0.1 wt %. The introduction of Cu-TEPA resulted in a remarkable enhancement of pyrolysis efficiency and the hydrocarbon recovery rate; the shale oil yield increased significantly by 33.33% as compared with the noncatalytic pyrolysis. Simultaneously, Cu-TEPA exhibited excellent catalytic performance in heteroatom removal, achieving removal rates of 32.8% for sulfur atoms and 55.1% for nitrogen atoms, which significantly improved the quality of the product oil. The copper-amine complex catalyst shows great potential for cost-effective in situ shale oil production.
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PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
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2026
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IF 4.6
Zihang Zhang,Jusheng Hu,Honghui Li,Zhandong Wang,Huiyan Zhang,Shurong Wang
The cross-coupling interaction mechanisms among biomass components pose a critical challenge in pyrolysis mechanism research. In this study, β -d-glucose and 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol ( α -OH-PPE) were employed as model compounds for cellulose and lignin, respectively. By integrating density functional theory (DFT) calculations with experiments from synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS), a unified and hierarchical mechanistic framework was established to elucidate the progressively evolving hydrogen transfer-mediated interactions during biomass pyrolysis. Specifically, the identified interaction pathways were categorized into three modes: (i) mutual reactant–reactant cooperative hydrogen transfer, (ii) reactant-assisted hydrogen transfer, and (iii) product/intermediate-assisted hydrogen transfer. The results demonstrated that β - d -glucose and α -OH-PPE exhibited coupled bond cleavage through a cooperative hydrogen transfer mechanism, with energy barrier lying between those of the individual component reactions. Intermediates from β - d -glucose ring-opening (e.g., hydroxyacetaldehyde) could serve as hydrogen transfer mediators to promote bond cleavage reactions like Maccoll elimination in α -OH-PPE. Conversely, phenolic products and tautomers (e.g., 2,4-cyclohexadienone) derived from α -OH-PPE pyrolysis were found to lower the energy barriers for ring-opening, dehydration and secondary reactions of β - d -glucose. Product evolution from SVUV-PIMS showed that α -OH-PPE lowered the formation temperature of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro- α - d -glucopyranose and furan derivatives from β - d -glucose, while β - d -glucose broadened the temperature range over which α -OH-PPE maintained its maximum decomposition rate. This study provides a mechanistic framework for understanding component interactions in biomass pyrolysis. Novelty and significance statement This work addresses a critical challenge in understanding biomass pyrolysis mechanisms by clarifying the microscopic cross-coupling interactions between cellulose and lignin via intermolecular hydrogen transfer reactions. The main novelty lies in the development of a unified and hierarchical mechanistic framework that organizes multiple hydrogen transfer-mediated interaction modes into a progressively evolving representation of biomass pyrolysis, categorizing them into three modes: (i) mutual reactant–reactant cooperative hydrogen transfer, (ii) reactant-assisted hydrogen transfer, and (iii) product/intermediate-assisted hydrogen transfer. This framework enables a systematic interpretation of cross-coupling evolution across the pyrolysis process, elucidating the initial reaction steps in biomass combustion. These findings provide critical insights into establishing a mechanistic foundation for understanding the combustion of complex biomass components, thereby advancing sustainable energy utilization.
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Waste and Biomass Valorization
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2026
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IF 3.1
Zhao Kunzhen,Zhang Zhuoma,Hang Xina,Yi LinLin,Li Kaiyuan,Zou Yanyan
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is a high-performance thermoplastic with considerable potential for H 2 and syngas productions via pyrolysis. However, its conventional non-catalytic pyrolysis suffers from high energy consumption and low H 2 and syngas yields. This study investigates the catalytic pyrolysis of PEEK using nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH) 2 ) to enhance the gas production efficiency. PEEK mixed with Ni(OH) 2 at different molar ratios (1:0–1:2) was pyrolyzed up to 1073 K under a nitrogen atmosphere. The H 2 yield increased with catalyst loading and reached a maximum of 25.9 mg/g at a PEEK: Ni(OH) 2 ratio of 1:0.5 (13.85 wt%), corresponding to a 264.3% increase compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis. The syngas yield also reached a maximum of 0.75 g/g under the same condition. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the addition of Ni(OH) 2 significantly lowered the onset decomposition temperature of PEEK from 832 K to 532 K, and transformed its two-stage pyrolysis into a four-stage process with a 10.4% reduction in char residue. In-situ X-ray diffraction revealed that Ni(OH) 2 was progressively transformed into NiO and Ni during heating, indicating the formation of catalytically relevant Ni-containing phases within the pyrolysis temperature range. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the catalyst was distributed within the carbon matrix and altered the morphology of the pyrolysis residue. These observations provide qualitative evidence of morphological changes after catalytic pyrolysis. These findings demonstrate that the catalytic potential of Ni(OH) 2 in facilitating H 2 -rich syngas production from PEEK.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Xiaoxiao Zhou,Miaomiao Feng,Dandan Luo,Lan Yi,Jialing Chen,Pengzhi Bei,Hao Luo,Xiaoqin Wu,Wen-Ying Li
Unlocking the cross-linked network structure of low-rank coal is pivotal for its high-value utilization, yet this process is severely constrained by mass transfer resistance. To address this challenge, a “carrier-permeation” synergistic strategy is proposed herein, which integrates high-permeability dimethylformamide (DMF) with high-activity deep eutectic solvents (DES). Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that DMF may function as a molecular carrier, promoting the deep penetration of viscous DES components into the coal matrix. Experimentally, this synergistic effect induces substantial physical restructuring: particle size is reduced by more than 82% (to 22.57 μm) and the aromatic interlayer spacing ( d 002 ) is increased to 0.355 nm via effective disruption of stacking interactions. Chemically, the system achieves an exceptional desulfurization rate of 90.81%, along with the selective cleavage of ether bridges and long aliphatic chains (CH 2 /CH 3 ratio minimized to 2.71). Consequently, pyrolysis pathways are substantially redirected by this structural remodeling, shifting product distribution from low-value alkanes to high-value olefins (50.47%) and esters (24.09%). A molecular-scale deconstruction system is elucidated, offering a novel approach for clean and value-added utilization of lignite.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Shengpeng Xia,Liang Zhu,Wei Cai,Hanle Cai,Yutao Zhang,Zhongqing Ma
Alkali and alkaline-earth metals (AAEMs) are inherently present in biomass and exert pronounced influences during thermochemical conversion. However, the effects of different AAEM salt systems on the pyrolysis behavior and product distribution of individual biomass components remain insufficiently understood. In this work, the effects of representative AAEM salt systems based on different cations (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ ) and potassium salts with different counter-anions (Cl - , CO 3 2- , HCO 3 - , SO 4 2- , PO 4 3- , and CH 3 COO - ) on the fast pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan), and lignin were systematically investigated using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with detailed product characterization. The results demonstrate that AAEM salt composition strongly influences thermal decomposition behavior, product evolution, and carbon partitioning among char, bio-oil, and gas phases. Under chloride salt conditions, monovalent cations (K + and Na + ) generally promote depolymerization-related transformations and moderate formation of sugars or oxygenated compounds, whereas divalent cations (Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ) induce distinct changes in ring-opening, dehydration, and furan-related product formation, likely associated with stronger interactions with oxygen-containing structures. Different potassium salt systems exhibit distinct product distributions, indicating that K + availability and counter-anion-associated chemistry, contribute to the observed pyrolysis behaviors. Phosphate- and sulfate-containing salts show stronger tendencies toward carbon retention, whereas acetate-, bicarbonate-, and carbonate-containing systems lead to different distributions of volatile oxygenates and hydrocarbons. In xylan pyrolysis, K 2 CO 3 - and KHCO 3 - -containing systems generate contrasting hydrocarbon and oxygenated product distributions, highlighting the influence of salt composition on intermediate transformation under intensified salt–biomass interactions. Overall, AAEM effects depend on metal species, counter-anion chemistry, biomass composition, and loading conditions. Lower AAEM concentrations favor stabilization of primary pyrolysis intermediates, whereas higher loadings promote secondary conversion processes that redistribute products among char, bio-oil, and gas phases. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of AAEM salts in biomass pyrolysis and offer guidance for tailoring product distributions toward renewable chemicals and carbon-rich materials.
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POWDER METALLURGY AND METAL CERAMICS
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2026
·Vol. 64
·期 9
·571-580
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IF 0.8
Chen Zhenxiang,Chen Yuhong,He Chaofan,Hai Wanxiu,Cao Jiwei,Zhang Yunyun
The binder-jet forming technique, combined with a simplified phenolic resin impregnation process, was used to prepare high-performance silicon carbide ceramics. The carbon enhancement process was explored using a pre-mixed phenolic resin and cyclic impregnation, while cyclic pyrolysis was replaced by a baking process at 120ºC. The effects of different printing powders and impregnation cycles on the molding accuracy, density, residual silicon content, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties of the samples were systematically investigated. The results showed that the printed density was 1.53 g/cm 3 , with a carbon density of 0.55 g/cm 3 . The phenolic resin impregnation treatment effectively filled the internal pores, further increasing the green body density to 1.71 g/cm 3 and the carbon density to 0.71 g/cm 3 . The density of the SiC ceramics obtained by the silicone infiltration process reached 2.93 g/cm 3 , the thermal conductivity was 151.8 W/(m · K), and the flexural strength was 241 ± 14.08 MPa. Overall, cyclic post-impregnation of phenolic resin without the pyrolysis process can effectively enhance the density and properties of binder-injected SiC ceramics.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
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2026
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IF 4.1
Liu Yuan,Chen Jialong,Liu Fang,Yang Li,Guo Feiqiang
Analytical pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS) was used to investigate the catalytic fast pyrolysis of cellulose. The catalysts investigated in this study included rutile TiO 2 , anatase TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , CeO 2 , CuO, CaO, and NiO. These catalysts exhibited distinct effects on the distribution of cellulose pyrolysis products. Among the tested catalysts, rutile TiO 2 was the most effective in suppressing carbohydrate-derived products, reducing their relative content to 65.1%, and in promoting carbonyl compounds, increasing their relative content to 30.11%. The relative contents of 2(5H)-furanone, furfural (FF), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), and 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one increased most markedly. ZrO 2 caused only minor changes in the distribution of primary cellulose pyrolysis products, whereas CeO 2 induced the most extensive transformation, leading to the identification of 21 new compounds in the catalytic pyrolysis products. Moreover, NiO selectively promoted hydroxyacetaldehyde formation, whereas the other seven metal oxides suppressed it, with Fe 2 O 3 showing the strongest inhibitory effect. These findings provided a scientific basis for producing carbonyl-rich bio-oil through facile catalytic pyrolysis.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2025
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IF 6.2
Hengshuo Gu,Ting Zhao,Jian Li,Yufei Gu,Hucheng Ge,Yuke Liu,Fuwei Li,Zhixia Li,Hongfei Lin,Jiangfei Cao
Hierarchical ZSM-5 (Z-40) was synthesized via a simple two-step hydrothermal crystallization without using any organic template. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as hydrogen donor was added into the catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose to enhance deoxygenation and the formation of BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene). Cellulose and LDPE showed the strongest synergistic effect at a feed ratio of 1, and the obtained experimental BTX yield (22.9 %) was 52.7 % higher than the theoretical yield (15 %). Co-catalytic pyrolysis (CCP) of two polymers followed similar cracking behavior to CCP of their pyrolysis vapor model compounds (furfural and n -octane), mainly including pyrolysis, catalytic cracking of pyrolysis fragments in external surface and hydrocarbons pool reactions of small cracking fragments in the internal micropores of zeolite. Z-40 showed better catalytic performance than the commercial ZSM-5 (higher BTX yield and less coke deposition) due to the appropriate acidic properties and distinctive pore structure. The optimal condition for CCP of cellulose/LDPE was temperature at 550 °C, feed ratio at 1:1 and catalyst/feed ratio at 2:1, and the achieved BTX yield reached 24.5 % with high BTX selectivity of 86.7 %. This work provided a cost-effective method for synthesis of ZSM-5 and production of high value-added BTX via a green non-oil route.
研究领域:
化学工程
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能源科学
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）