Materials Research Express
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 7
·075303
·
IF 1.449
Weiwei Zhang,Hongjuan Wu,Weihua Meng,Mengjiao Zhang,Weiya Xie,Gang Bian,Hongqiang Qu
The flammability, poor mechanical properties, and high smoke production of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) have limited its practical applications in industry. In this work, activated carbon/phosphomolybdate 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (AC/PIL4) and activated carbon/phosphomolybdate 1-hexadecy-3-methylimidazolium (AC/PIL16) were prepared by direct precipitation and used to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PVC. Owing to their special structures and compositions, AC/PIL4 and AC/PIL16 triggered PVC crosslinking to form a dense char residue during thermal degradation, prevented smoke generation, and reduced heat transfer to protect the matrix. AC/PIL4-PVC exhibited the lowest peak heat release rate (179.0 kW m−2) and peak smoke production rate (0.091 m2 s−1), which are 45.7% and 75.2% lower, respectively, than those of pure PVC. Further, AC/PIL4-PVC and in particular AC/PIL16-PVC (which has long organic chains) can improve the mechanical properties of PVC. The impact strengths of AC/PIL4-PVC (10.76 kJ m−2) and AC/PIL16-PVC (12.25 kJ m−2) were 34.5% and 53.1% higher, respectively, than that of pure PVC (8.00 kJ m−2).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2020
·
IF 2.369
Xiaoxia Deng,Xiuzhi Duan,Lei Gong,Dongshun Deng
In the present work, dihydric alcohols (including 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and 1,3-propanediol) were paired with choline chloride (ChCl) to form deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with the molar ratio of ChCl to dihydric alcohol fixed at 1:3 and 1:4. The solubility of NH3 in these DESs was systematically determined at 303.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 333.15 K under pressures up to 420.0 kPa using the isochoric saturation method and was correlated using the Krichevsky–Kasarnovsky (K–K) equation. The dissolution Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes of NH3 solvation were further calculated according to the temperature dependence of Henry’s constants. Based on the reported CO2 solubility data, the selectivities of NH3/CO2 in DESs used herein were calculated. The density and viscosity data of the DESs were also measured and fitted at a temperature range of 303.15–343.15 K. Overall, the dihydric alcohol-based DESs present quite promising NH3 absorption and separation performance, with a value of 3.0 mol NH3 per kg DES and an NH3/CO2 selectivity of 98 at 303.15 K and 100.0 kPa.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2020
·
IF 2.87
Muhammad Ali,Yunhua Lu,Saad Ahmed,Santosh Khanal,Shiai Xu
This study represents the first attempt to prepare a novel cardanol-based plasticizer. Modified cardanol (MC, i.e., phosphorylated cardanol) containing nitrogen and phosphoric acid groups was synthesized and then incorporated into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the secondary plasticizer for partial substitution of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). The molecular structure of MC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The thermal degradation behavior, mechanical performance, and compatibility of MC were also investigated. The substitution of DOP with MC enables PVC blends to have higher thermal stability, tensile strength, and leaching resistance. The tensile strength is increased from 17.7 MPa for DOP/PVC blend (MC-0) to 25.7 MPa for MC/PVC blend (MC-4), and the elongation at break is increased from 256 to 432%, respectively. The microstructure of the tensile fractured surface was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the addition of MC allows PVC blends to have well-balanced properties of flexibility and strength and excellent migration resistance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
·
2022
·
IF 11.211
Jiawei Sun,Wei Jia,Jiaxin Guo,Noman Khalid Khanzada,Pengrui Jin,Pak Wai Wong,Xinning Zhang,Alicia Kyoungjin An
This study provides an in-depth investigation on the incorporation of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) in fabricating novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes to address the high demand for highly water-permeable pervaporation (PV) membranes for desalination processes, especially for treating high-salinity water, brine, or wastewater. CQDs have emerged as a green nanofiller for improving membrane performance owing to its excellent biocompatibility, non-toxicity, uniform dispersion, and rich functional groups. Herein, we synthesize amino-embedded carbon quantum dots (ACQDs) via a simple one-pot hydrothermal method and employ them in interfacial polymerization to fabricate the ACQD-TFN membrane. Benefiting from the incorporation of ACQDs, the optimized ACQD-TFN membrane exhibited an enhanced water flux of 23.2 kg·m −2 ·h −1 at 70 °C during the treatment of a 10 wt% NaCl solution, which was 44% higher performance than that of the unmodified thin-film composite membrane . The ACQD-TFN membrane's salt rejection remained at 99.9% even after 96,000 ppm·h chlorine exposure, exhibiting excellent chlorine resistance. Also, the ACQD-TFN membrane's regular surface microstructure and increased hydrophilicity endowed good anti-fouling property, and its flux recovery rate reached 91% after 5 fouling-cleaning cycles. This work provides a feasible strategy for fabricating highly permeable, chlorine-resistant, and anti-fouling PV membranes for desalination applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 13.4
Zhengyuan Zhou,Jingyao Huang,Guilu Zeng,Rumin Yang,Zhiqiang Xu,Zhikang Zhou,Shuguang Lyu
S(IV)-based advanced oxidation process has been applied for contaminants remediation. However, as a traditional source of sulfite (SO 3 2− ), Na 2 SO 3 is extremely soluble in water, resulting in a high concentration of SO 3 2− to quench the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this work, CaSO 3 was introduced instead of Na 2 SO 3 for its slow-released SO 3 2− ability and Fe(III)/CaSO 3 system was established for the removal of trichloroethylene (TCE) and other organic contaminants. The degradation efficiency of TCE reached 94.0% and TCE could be completely dechlorinated and mineralized, while the removal of other contaminants was all over 85.0% at the optimal tested conditions. Through EPR detection, ROS scavenging and probe tests, and quantification of ROS amounts, it was concluded that the dominant ROS in Fe(III)/CaSO 3 system were SO 4 − · and 1 O 2 , of which the transformation mechanism of SO 4 − · to 1 O 2 was revealed and demonstrated comprehensively. The synergistic contaminants degradation performance in different sulfur-iron-containing systems and in the presence of oxidants was evaluated. The effects of various solution conditions were assessed and Fe(III)/CaSO 3 system was of higher resistance on complex solution matrixes, suggesting the broad-spectrum and application perspective for the remediation of complex contaminants in actual water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2020
·
IF 7.246
Lidong Yu,Xihuai Qiang,Lu Cui,Bo Chen,Xinke Wang,Xiaohui Wu
In this research, a syntan containing active chlorine groups (SACG) was synthesized by the condensation of phenol sulfonic acid condensation product (PSAC) and cyanuric chloride (TCT). The structure and composition of as-received syntans were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal properties and morphology of the tanned leather were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicated that the multi-point active chlorine groups in syntans had an excellent cross-linking effect on collagen fibers, which increased the shrinkage temperature of leather to 81.6 °C. The tensile strength , the tearing strength, and the thickening rate of the tanned leather were 14.26 MPa, 42.56 N/mm, and 78.3%, respectively. The tanned leather exhibited flat and fine grain. The collagen fibers showed uniform dispersion. Besides, the SACG had remarkable environmental benefits compared with the traditional chrome tanning system by significantly reducing the content of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), dissolved solids (DS), suspended solids (SS), chloride, and total chromium analyses (T Cr ) in tannery wastewater and thus could be applied to non-pickling tanning system. Moreover, the SACG tanning technology is a promoting chrome-free tanning technology because of the facile, cost-effective, and environment-friendly performance, suggesting that this technology has great potential to be widely applied in leather manufacturing.
研究领域:
化学
·
皮革科学与工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Chunyun Gu,Jiabin Li,Wei Zhou,Jiayi An,Liting Tian,Feng Xiong,Wenbo Fei,Yangfan Feng,Jie Ma
1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP) is an emerging groundwater pollutant, but there is a lack of reported studies on the abiotic natural attenuation of TCP by iron minerals. Furthermore, perturbation by O 2 is common in the shallow subsurface by both natural and artificial processes. In this study, natural magnetite was selected as the reactive iron mineral to investigate its role in the degradation of TCP under O 2 perturbation. The results indicated that the mineral structural Fe(II) on magnetite reacted with dissolved oxygen to generate O 2 − · and HO·. Both O 2 − · and HO· contributed to TCP degradation, with O 2 − · playing a more important role. After 56 days of reaction, 66.7% of TCP was completely dechlorinated. This study revealed that higher magnetite concentrations, smaller magnetite particle sizes, and lower initial TCP concentrations favored TCP degradation. The presence of <10 mg/L natural organic matter (NOM) did not affect TCP degradation. These findings significantly advance our understanding of the abiotic natural attenuation mechanisms facilitated by iron minerals under O 2 perturbation, providing crucial insights for the study of natural attenuation.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Guilin He,Tuqiao Zhang,Qingzhou Zhang,Feilong Dong,Yonglei Wang
Enoxacin (ENO) is widespread in water because it is commonly used as a human and veterinary antibiotic. However, little effort has been dedicated to revealing the transformation mechanisms of ENO destruction using ClO 2 , especially within a water distribution system (WDS). To address this knowledge gap, the kinetics, byproducts, toxicity, and formation potential of halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) associated with ENO destruction using ClO 2 in a pilot-scale PE pipe was explored for the first time. Statistical analyses showed that the destruction efficiency of ENO in the pilot-scale PE pipe was lower than that in deionized water (DI water), and the reactions in DI water followed the second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, pH has a significant effect on the destruction of ENO, and the removal ratio increased at a higher pH. Additionally, increasing the flow rate elevated the ENO removal efficiency; however, the influence of flow velocity was limited to ENO destruction. The ENO removal rates within the diverse pipes exhibited the following order: stainless steel pipe < PE pipe < ductile iron pipe. Nine possible intermediates were identified, and those that were formed by piperazine group cleavage represented the major primary byproducts of the entire destruction process. Additionally, the ENO destruction in a pilot-scale PE pipe had minimal influence on halogenated DBPs and chlorite formation. Finally, the toxicity evaluation illustrated that the presence of ENO increased the potential risk of water quality safety when treated with ClO 2 .
研究领域:
环境科学
·
公共卫生
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2019
·
IF 5.589
Tuqiao Zhang,Guilin He,Feilong Dong,Qingzhou Zhang,Yuan Huang
Chlorine is widely used as a drinking water disinfectant to ensure water security. However, the transformation mechanisms of its degradation of emerging pollutants within the water distribution system (WDS) is insufficiently understood. Thus, the kinetics, degradation byproducts, and toxicity of the chlorination of enoxacin (ENO, a type of emerging pollutant) were explored in a pilot-scale WDS for the first time. It was found that the chlorination rate of ENO was higher in deionized water (DW) than in the pilot-scale WDS, and the degradation followed second-order kinetics in DW. The degradation efficiency was found to be sensitive to pH, and was highest at a pH of 7.4. The chlorination rate of ENO increased with increasing temperature in both DW and WDS. For different pipe materials, the relative performance of ENO chlorination efficiency followed the order of steel pipe > ductile iron pipe > polyethylene (PE) pipe. Seven intermediates were identified during ENO chlorination, and the primary oxidation reaction involved the cleavage of the piperazine group. Finally, it was found that the potential for chlorine toxicity in treated drinking water in the presence of ENO is higher than it is without this pollutant.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
水质工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2018
·
IF 6.578
Yao Wang,Zhi Wang,Jixiao Wang
Enhancing membrane flux, rejection, antimicrobial and chlorine resistance has been the focus of reverse osmosis membrane research. The permselectivity, chlorine resistance and antimicrobial properties of a polyamide (PA) membrane were improved by immobilization of self-synthesized amine functional hydantoin derivative poly(3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin- co -vinylamine) (P(ADMH- co -VAm)). The chlorine resistance and antimicrobial property of the modified membrane could be regenerated due to the reversible transition between hydantoin and N-halamine. The lab-scale virgin and modified membranes were systematically characterized, and their performances were evaluated and compared with some representative commercial membranes. The modified membrane showed similar permselectivity, but higher and regenerable chlorine resistance and antimicrobial property as compared with the commercial membrane e.g., BW30FR. Next, a pilot-scale 0.4-m wide continuous membrane production process was performed to fabricate membrane element. The permselectivity of the modified element was also improved. During the six “chlorination-sterilization” operation cycles, the element exhibited high antimicrobial property with small permselectivity changes. Thus, both the lab-scale and pilot-scale testing results demonstrated the improved performances of the modified membrane.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CORROSION
·
2022
·Vol. 78
·期 12
·1166-1175
·
IF 2.094
Wang Changxuan,Zhang Wenjiao,Wang Yanli
In this paper, in order to improve the corrosion resistance of 316 stainless steel (316 SS) in molten chloride salt, an in situ grown Al 2 O 3 diffusion barrier is prepared through, first, electrodepositing an inner Ni-Al/NiO composite transition layer and an outer Ni layer through double-pulse composite electroplating technique, followed by annealing at 800°C for 12 h under Ar. The obtained Al 2 O 3 /Ni composite coating is dense and shows good adherence to the substrate. Then the corrosion resistance of Al 2 O 3 /Ni composite coating in molten 52MgCl 2 -48NaCl (wt%) is measured through electrochemical technique and immersion tests and the corrosion mechanism is also discussed. The results show that the 316 SS is effectively protected by the Al 2 O 3 /Ni composite coating from the corrosion of molten chloride salt.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
腐蚀与防护
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 5.774
Chaoqun Tan,Kechun Sun,Xinxin Cui,Tianyu Sheng,Tianhu Xu,Haiying Gao
In this study, free active chlorine (HOCl/OCl - , FAC) was employed as an activator of ozone (O 3 ) to remove typical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of aspirin (ASA) and phenacetin (PNT). The combination of FAC and O 3 significantly improved the removal of pollutants. O 3 molecules, hydroxyl radicals ( OH) and reactive chlorine species (RCS) contributed to the removal of target contaminants in O 3 /FAC system. By fitting the pollutant removal pattern with the experiment and model, the contribution of each oxidative species in O 3 /FAC system was measured. The average removal contribution of O 3 , OH, and RCS to ASA/PNT was 10.3%/8.4%, 53.8%/10.5%, and 35.9%/81.1%, respectively. Compared with O 3 alone system, the average mineralization of pollutant in O 3 /FAC system increased from 20.6% to 34.0%. The formation of five typical CX 3 R-type disinfection by-products (DBPs) was evaluated with post-chlorine system. The maximum concentration of total DBPs was achieved at pH 6.0 of 12.5 μM, in which trichloromethane (TCMs) was the main component (accounting for 55.3%). This study provides a new method to remove contaminants based on the combination of O 3 and FAC disinfectants.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
药物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）