JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Shiqian She,Xueqing Shi,Jianfeng Song,Zixuan Huang,Tiantian Zhou,Kun Xiong
Water electrolysis is an important technology for green hydrogen production, but the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) lead to high overall energy consumption. Using the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) instead of OER has been considered an effective route for reducing potential and treating urea-containing wastewater. Here, we introduced Sn into RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti through three methods: electrodeposition, hydrothermal and ion exchange, and constructed a series of NiO-(Sn)-RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti electrodes. The systematic characterization showed that Sn was successfully introduced in the form of rutile SnO 2 , and the elements were evenly distributed. The Sn introduction method significantly affected morphology and electrocatalytic performance of electrodes: NiO-(Sn)-RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti-E prepared by electrodeposition method exhibited a compact nanosheet structure, high surface roughness and abundant exposed active sites, exhibiting the best activity in HER/OER, while NiO-(Sn)-RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti-I prepared by ion exchange method maintained its original morphology, and NiO nanoclusters were evenly dispersed, showing the best performance in UOR. The potential of NiO-(Sn)-RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti-I was only 1.39 V ( vs . RHE) at a current density of 100 mA cm −2 , and it operated stably for more than 132 h. When NiO-(Sn)-RuO 2 -TiO 2 /Ti-I was assembled into a HER‖UOR two-electrode system, the cell voltage at 100 mA cm −2 was only 1.65 V, which was 0.26 V lower than that of the traditional HER‖OER. This work reveals the modulating effect of Sn introduction method on the electrocatalytic performance of multi-component oxides, and provides a scalable solution for the advancement of energy-saving hydrogen production coupled with degradation of urea.
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BMC Chemistry
·
2026
·Vol. 20
·期 1
·72
·
IF 5.1
Zhang Qiuyun,Zou Huixin,Hu Siyu,He Shijian,He Maozhen,Zhang Xiaojuan,Wang Jialu,Zhang Yutao
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant research interest as promising innovative platforms for designing heterojunction photocatalysts. Herein, we report the rational design and preparation of an AgI@Sn-BDC-NH 2 heterojunction composite via a simple and facile in-situ route to degrade organic dyes (RhB). The AgI@Sn-BDC-NH 2 structural, surface, and optical characteristics were thoroughly examined by means of XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDS, UV-Vis DRS, VB-XPS, N 2 physisorption, TG, XPS, PL, transient photocurrent, and EIS techniques. The experimental results confirmed that AgI particles were dispersed on the surface of flower-like Sn-BDC-NH 2 , and the introduction of AgI significantly boosts the photocatalytic performance of the nanocomposites. Under the operating parameters (catalyst dosage of 0.5 g/L, RhB concentration of 30 mg/L, volume of 40 mL, and illumination time of 60 min), the 30-AgI@Sn-BDC-NH 2 with the AgI loading of 30% exhibited the highest degradation efficiency in RhB, reaching 94.7%, with a photocatalytic rate constant of 0.039 min − 1 , which was 3.22 times and 26.0 times that of pure AgI and Sn-BDC-NH 2 , respectively. The enhanced activity can be originated from the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between AgI and Sn-BDC-NH 2 with intimate interfacial contact and the synergistic effects among the components, thereby providing a mesoporous structure and larger relative surface area (27.9 m 2 /g), improving utilization of visible light, more charge transfer channels, and lower electron-hole pair recombination rates. More crucially, it retained 78.1% degradation efficiency after five cycles, confirming excellent stability. Furthermore, trapping analyses suggest that e − , •O 2 − , and h + radicals dominate the degradation reaction pathway, and then a possible mechanism of 30-AgI@Sn-BDC-NH 2 Z-scheme heterojunction was proposed. Overall, this research work highlights the potential of using Sn-MOF-based heterojunction composites as practical photocatalysts for sustainable dye-contaminated wastewater treatment. Graphical The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 7.1
Peng Wu,Yourong Shu,Yongjiang Di,Huichao He,Qian Yang,Wenrong Wang,Hanmei Jiang,Lijian Meng,Haibo Ruan,Sheng Tang,Jingguo Zhang,Tao Han
Cu@Sn core–shell nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for high-density electronic packaging owing to their excellent mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability. However, the intrinsic mismatch in the interdiffusion rates of Cu and Sn inevitably leads to the formation of severe Kirkendall voids, compromising the microstructural integrity and overall device reliability. In this work, a solid Cu@Sn core–shell nanostructure was constructed by introducing trace amounts of P during the Cu–Sn chemical displacement process, which shows an optimized Sn-to-Cu thickness ratio of ∼10%, with a Cu core of 2.65 ± 0.06 μm and an Sn shell of ∼0.29 μm. At the Sn/Cu interface, P selectively enriches on the Cu surface to form an adsorbed layer, suppressing the inward diffusion of Sn, where P promotes the in situ formation of ultrafine Cu3P nanocrystals and exerts a significant interfacial pinning effect on outward Cu diffusion and increases the vacancy formation energy. Notably, thermogravimetric analysis confirms the substantially enhanced oxidation resistance of the solid Cu@Sn nanoparticles (residual mass at 600 °C: 109.66% for Cu@Sn vs 123.54% for bare Cu). When used as soldering precursors, the P-mediated Cu@Sn solid nanoparticles form dense Cu3Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) frameworks after reflow at 300 °C, yielding void-free joints with remelting temperatures above 425 °C. This work not only elucidates the mechanism by which P-mediated interfacial engineering suppresses Kirkendall void formation but also highlights the significant potential of Cu@Sn nanoparticles for high-reliability electronic packaging, offering a promising pathway toward enhanced power density and device reliability.
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CHEMISTRY LETTERS
·
2016
·Vol. 45
·期 9
·1051-1053
·
IF 1.55
Wang Luanjiao,Rao Pinhua,Yao Wei,Zhang Wenqi
CuSn-codoped CdS (CdS:CuSn) quantum dots (QDs) with different Cu(I) and Sn(IV) doping levels have been successfully synthesized by a simple one-pot procedure. It was found that the doping ratio of Cu(I) and Sn(IV) in CdS QDs significantly affected the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs), Stokes shifts, and emission window of as-prepared QDs. Compared to single Cu doping, CuSn codoping further significantly improved the PL QYs of as-prepared QDs (up to 24.6%). The CdS:CuSn QDs may be used as potential emitters in the PL industry.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Qing Li,Ning Liu,Dayu Wang,Lie Ma,Mingzhou Wu,Enna Ha,Junqing Hu,Zhe Zhang,Shuqing He
Silver sulfide (Ag 2 S) quantum dots (QDs), which emit light in the near-infrared II window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm), exhibit unique and remarkable potential in bioluminescence. However, their widespread application in experimental research is currently limited by a relatively low quantum efficiency. Cation exchange reactions have emerged as a remarkably versatile approach for synthesizing nanomaterials with adjustable structures and customizable compositions. In this study, we developed a NIR-II fluorescent probe based on Sn-doped silver sulfide (Sn-Ag 2 S) QDs via a straightforward cation exchange method. The stoichiometric ratios of precursors play a crucial role in tailoring the optical properties of the resultant materials during structural modifications involving cation exchange processes. By optimizing the ratio of Ag and Sn, we obtained ca. 16-fold quantum yields enhancement of Sn-Ag 2 S QDs in the NIR-II range, specifically around strong emission peak at ca. 1200 nm. Following hydrophilic modification, the Sn-Ag 2 S-GSH/MPA QDs exhibited high NIR-II fluorescence signal signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) with a ca. 1.7-fold increase compared to Ag 2 S-GSH/MPA QDs in the femur of mice, showing significant potential for bone imaging. To further investigate the QDs biodistribution mechanisms within osseous microenvironments, we devised a comprehensive multimodal analytical approach incorporating: (1) optical spectral analysis, (2) ultrastructural validation through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and (3) spatial resolution mapping via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). These integrated methodologies consistently demonstrated preferential QDs accumulation within trabecular bone marrow compartments, revealing distinct biodistribution patterns in mineralized tissues.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
材料科学
·
光学成像
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2025
·Vol. 27
·期 37
·19939-19949
·
IF 2.9
Zhangheng Lai,Xiangbin Chen,Qixian Zheng,Zhengmao Luo,Zhongshuo Li,Ning Qi,Zhiquan Chen
Polycrystalline SnSe has been widely explored due to its relatively low thermal conductivity. Yet its thermoelectric performance is limited due to its poor electrical conductivity. In this work, polycrystalline SnSe alloyed with different contents of CuAgSe were fabricated by a high-energy balling and melting method, combined with spark plasma sintering. It is revealed that substitution of Ag and Cu at Sn sites actually enhances the electrical conductivity, especially under Sn-deficient circumstances where the formation energy of AgSn is lowered. When there was excessive addition of CuAgSe, the hole carrier concentration was reduced due to the formation of Agi, which acts as an electron donor. Additionally, partial substitution of Ag and Cu into the Sn vacancies slightly improves the Hall mobility and the density of states effective mass. With increased electrical conductivity while maintaining a stable Seebeck coefficient, the Sn0.99Se sample alloyed with 0.75% CuAgSe attains a maximum power factor of 6.40 μW cm−1 K−2 at 847 K. In addition, a peak zT value of 0.97 at 847 K is achieved, combined with only a marginally decreased thermal conductivity, thereby exhibiting a prominent improvement over that of the pure SnSe sample. The present work opens up a new perspective for optimizing the thermoelectric performance of SnSe compounds with the strategy of tuning the content of Sn and alloying with CuAgSe.
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高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Haozhe Pang,Shimao Shangguan,Ya Chen,Yue Zhang,Siyuan Fan,Lida Shen,Zongjun Tian,Zhidong Liu
Bronze, as a solid self-lubricating material, is widely used in various frictional applications. However, under increasingly common high-frequency and high-load conditions, particularly in the absence of lubricants, bronze layers are prone to rapid wear. Incorporating MoS 2 particles to fabricate solid self-lubricating composite coatings is considered a promising approach to improve overall performance in harsh environments. In this study, a friction-assisted jet electrodeposition process is employed to fabricate Cu-Sn-MoS 2 composite coatings. This technique enhances particle embedding and surface leveling, producing uniform and dense coatings with significantly improved tribological performance. The methodological framework of this study involves the fabrication of Cu-Sn-MoS 2 composite coatings via friction-assisted jet electrodeposition, followed by systematic characterization of their surface morphology, microhardness, adhesion, and tribological behavior. The results show that a MoS 2 content of 5 g/L provides a uniform and compact surface with fine grains, sufficient microhardness and adhesion strength, and a continuous lubricating film formed during wear. The wear mechanism was revealed to explain why the Cu-Sn-MoS 2 coating exhibited a strong performance in mechanical properties and wear resistance. This content achieves the lowest friction coefficient and the best wear resistance among all tested compositions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
表面工程
·
摩擦学
·
电沉积
·
复合涂层
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International Journal of Electrochemical Science
·
2023
·
IF 1.5
Shouhui Chen,Rihui Zhou,Yaqin Chen,Ping Li,Yonghai Song,Li Wang
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks are a class of metal organic frameworks which are very attractive for their pore structures. However, their pore size and the BET surface would shrink when they underwent heat treatment at high temperature. On the other hand, liquid metal in MOFs might flow through the pores and prevent the shrinkage when pyrolysis. As is known that metallic Sn is liquid when the temperature is above 232 °C, flowing Sn might support and maintain the porous structure of MOFs during the pyrolysis. In this work, porous Sn/C-ZnO core-shell structures were prepared as anodes for LIBs via a two-step method. Firstly, SnO 2 particles were encapsulated in a ZIF-8 layer with different thickness. Then Sn/C-ZnO was generated in inert atmosphere at 700 °C. A Sn/C-ZnO composite, with 11.2% of Sn and 21.0% of ZnO in content, had a BET surface of 32.9 m 2 g -1 . Another Sn/C-ZnO composite, with 55.1% of Sn and 1.8% of ZnO in content, had a larger BET surface of 297 m 2 g -1 . Then the two composites were tested as anodes for LIBs. Although the BET surface of the former was significantly less than that of the latter before cycling and the content of Sn in the former was also much lower than that of the latter, the discharge capacity of the former after 50 cycles was 515.6 mAh g -1 at 100 mA g -1 in the potential of 0.01~3.00 V, which was slightly higher than that of the latter.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2021
·
IF 6.901
Shuai Fan,Zihao Fan,Huiyuan Cheng,Manman Feng,Xuemei Wu,Dongwei Pan,Fujun Cui,Gaohong He
A 3D integrated hierarchical porous N-doped Sn/CNT@N C gas diffusion electrode is proposed via phase inversion to synergistically improve electron-proton-gas transfer and efficiency of CO 2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Hierarchical porous structure is tuned by the carbon nanotube additive during phase inversion, which integrates microporous layer and diffusion layer to decrease mass transfer resistance comparing with the 2D layer structure of commercial carbon paper . XPS results show that Sn/CNT@N C 800 contains pyridinic nitrogen and pyrrolic nitrogen with catalytic activity. EIS and LSV curves show that Sn/CNT@N C 800 is beneficial to reduce mass transfer resistance and increase current density after twice hydrophobic treatments. As a result, Sn/CNT@N C 800 shows higher CO 2 RR electrocatalytic activity. The reaction rate and Faraday efficiency of CO at 12 mA cm −2 increase by 40.2% and 40.6%, respectively compared with Sn/carbon paper. The reaction rate and Faraday efficiency of formate are also slightly higher than those of Sn/carbon paper.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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Nature Communications
·
2023
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 16.6
Chen Jianjun,Xiong Shangchao,Liu Haiyan,Shi Jianqiang,Mi Jinxing,Liu Hao,Gong Zhengjun,Oliviero Laetitia,Maugé Françoise,Li Junhua
The spillover of oxygen species is fundamentally important in redox reactions, but the spillover mechanism has been less understood compared to that of hydrogen spillover. Herein Sn is doped into TiO 2 to activate low-temperature (<100 °C) reverse oxygen spillover in Pt/TiO 2 catalyst, leading to CO oxidation activity much higher than that of most oxide-supported Pt catalysts. A combination of near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ Raman/Infrared spectroscopies, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the reverse oxygen spillover is triggered by CO adsorption at Pt 2+ sites, followed by bond cleavage of Ti-O-Sn moieties nearby and the appearance of Pt 4+ species. The O in the catalytically indispensable Pt-O species is energetically more favourable to be originated from Ti-O-Sn. This work clearly depicts the interfacial chemistry of reverse oxygen spillover that is triggered by CO adsorption, and the understanding is helpful for the design of platinum/titania catalysts suitable for reactions of various reactants.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.128
Shukai Ding,Wei Cheng,Longming Zhang,Gaohui Du,Xiaodong Hao,Guanjian Nie,Bingshe Xu,Miao Zhang,Qingmei Su,Christophe A. Serra
Sn@Graphene composites as anode materials in Lithium-ion batteries have attracted intensive interest due to the inherent high capacity. On the other side, the high atomic ratio (Li 4.4 Sn) induces the pulverization of the electrode with cycling. Thus, suppressing pulverization by designing the structure of the materials is an essential key for improving cyclability. Applying the nanotechnologies such as electrospinning, soft/hard nano template strategy, surface modification, multi-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and so on has demonstrated the huge advantage on this aspect. These strategies are generally used for homogeneous dispersing Sn nanomaterials in graphene matrix or constructing the voids in the inner of the materials to obtain the mechanical buffer effect. Unfortunately, these processes induce huge energy consumption and complicated operation. To solve the issue, new nanotechnology for the composites by the bottom-up strategy (Organic Molecule Confinement Reaction (OMCR)) was shown in this report. A 3D organic nanoframes was synthesized as a graphene precursor by low energy nano emulsification and photopolymerization . SnO 2 nanoparticles@3D organic nanoframes as the composites precursor were in-situ formed in the hydrothermal reaction . After the redox process by the calcination , the Sn nanoparticles with nanovoids (~100 nm, uniform size) were homogeneously dispersed in a Two-Dimensional Laminar Matrix of graphene nanosheets (2DLM G ) by the in-situ patterning and confinement effect from the 3D organic nanoframes. The pulverization and crack of the composites were effectively suppressed, which was proved by the electrochemical testing. The Sn nanoparticles@2DLM G not delivered just the high cyclability during 200 cycles, but also firstly achieved a high specific capacity (539 mAh g −1 ) at the low loading Sn (19.58 wt%).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储技术
·
纳米技术
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高影响因子
iScience
·
2022
·
IF 6.107
Yu Liu,Ping-An Chen,Xincan Qiu,Jing Guo,Jiangnan Xia,Huan Wei,Haihong Xie,Shijin Hou,Mai He,Xiao Wang,Zebing Zeng,Lang Jiang,Lei Liao,Yuanyuan Hu
Doping is an important technique for semiconductor materials and devices, yet effective and controllable doping of organic-inorganic halide perovskites is still a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a facile way to dope two-dimensional Sn-based perovskite (PEA) 2 SnI 4 by incorporating SnI 4 in the precursor solutions. It is observed that Sn 4+ produces p-doping effect on the perovskite, which increases the electrical conductivity by 10 5 times. The dopant SnI 4 is also found to improve the film morphology of (PEA) 2 SnI 4 , leading to reduced trap states. This doping technique allows us to improve the room temperature mobility of (PEA) 2 SnI 4 field-effect transistors from 0.25 to 0.68 cm 2 V −1 s −1 thanks to reduced trapping effects in the doped devices. Moreover, the doping technique enables the characterization and improvement of the thermoelectric performance of (PEA) 2 SnI 4 films, which show a high power factor of 3.92 μW m −1 K −2 at doping ratio of 5 mol %.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
半导体物理
·
电子工程
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