Frontiers in Microbiology
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2024
·
IF 4
Yongqing Wan,Siyuan Liu,Yunhao Song,Ruihua Tian,Ruigang Wang,Kaihong Duan,Mandlaa Mandlaa
The enhancement of cellulose degradation is important for improving the quality of corn-stalk silage. However, the rapid drop in pH caused by the propagation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can influence the degradation of cellulose by cellulose-degrading microorganisms (CDMs) during the mixed fermentation process of ensilage. In this study, a CDM (Bacillus methylotrophic 2–4, BM 2–4) was isolated, and its lyophilization condition was studied. Moreover, a slow-release strategy was developed to delay the release of LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum S-1, LP S-1) by embedding technology to provide time for BM 2–4 to degrade cellulose during the corn-stalk ensilage process. The results showed that BM 2–4 had a higher survival rate (89.53%) under the following conditions: cell collection (5,600 r/min in 4.4°C for 9.5-min centrifugation) and lyophilization using cryoprotectants [skim milk (10.4%), peptone (10.4%), and glucose (5.2%)] at −50°C with a vacuum pressure of <10 Pa. Based on the results of the previous study on embedded LP S-1, simultaneous inoculation of embedded LP S-1 and lyophilized BM2-4 at a 2:1 ratio, with an inoculum size of 6% and moisture content of 85%, significantly degraded CF by 3.8% and increased CP by 3.7% (p < 0.05). This treatment did not significantly influence the final pH of corn-stalk silage (p > 0.05) after 7 days of fermentation.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2024
·
IF 5.7
Tao Tang,Fanfan Wang,Houyun Huang,Nengneng Xie,Jie Guo,Xiaoliang Guo,Yuanyuan Duan,Xiaoyue Wang,Qingfang Wang,Jingmao You
This study explores the antipathogenic properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Bacillus velezensis LT1, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Coptis chinensis. The impact of these VOCs on the mycelial growth of Sclerotium rolfsii LC1, the causative agent of southern blight in C. chinensis, was evaluated using a double Petri-dish assay. The biocontrol efficacy of these VOCs was further assessed through leaf inoculation and pot experiments. Antifungal VOCs were collected using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and their components were identified via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results revealed that the VOCs significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and sclerotia germination of S. rolfsii LC1 and disrupted the morphological integrity of fungal mycelia. Under the influence of these VOCs, genes associated with chitin synthesis were upregulated, while those related to cell wall degrading enzymes were downregulated. Notably, 2-dodecanone and 2-undecanone exhibited inhibition rates of 81.67% and 80.08%, respectively. This research provides a novel approach for the prevention and management of southern blight in C. chinensis, highlighting the potential of microbial VOCs in biocontrol strategies.
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Clinical Nutrition ESPEN
·
2025
·
IF 2.6
Chunbo Zhang,Zequn Li,Shougen Cao,Xiaodong Liu,Yulong Tian,Jianfei Xu,Cheng Meng,Gan Liu,Hao Zhong,Peng Zhang,Yanbing Zhou
Background & Aims Intestinal barrier injury is widespread after treatment with antitumour drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), but there is still a lack of prevention and effective management strategies based on fundamental research evidence. The aim of this study is to explore the effects and potential mechanisms of probiotic complexes on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced intestinal barrier damage in rats. METHODS An intestinal barrier injury model was established in male SD rats, aged 2 months, with a body weight ranging from 240 g to 260 g. via the intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (70 mg/kg/d), and the probiotic complex (1 × 10 9 CFU/ml or 1 × 10 8 CFU/ml) was administered via gavage. The body weight, food intake and diarrhoea of the animals were monitored, euthanasia on the 9th day.Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 2 months of age and weighing 240 to 260 grams were selected. The animals were divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 6 rats in each group. A diarrhea and intestinal barrier dysfunction model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-fluorouracil. Specifically, the control group (n = 6) was intraperitoneally injected with normal saline (70 mg/kg), the 5-fluorouracil group (n = 6) was intraperitoneally injected with 5-fluorouracil (70 mg/kg, DBL®, Mayne Pharma Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia), and the low-dose probiotic (PL) group (1×10 8 colony-forming units/mL, n = 6) and the high-dose probiotic (PH) group (1×10 9 colony-forming units/mL, n = 6) were intraperitoneally injected with 5-fluorouracil (70 mg/kg, DBL®, Mayne Pharma Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia) from day 1 to day 5. The rats were gavaged once a day with a probiotic mixture suspended in 2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at a colony-forming unit (CFU) of 1×10 9 colony-forming units/mL/kg or 1×10 8 colony-forming units/mL/kg for 8 days. The rats in the control group and the 5-fluorouracil-treated group were gavaged with 2 mL of PBS daily from day 1 to day 8. The body weight, food intake, and diarrhea of the animals were monitored, and the rats were euthanized on day 9. Tissue samples from the colon and different small intestine segments were collected for histopathological examination. The levels of serum inflammatory factors and the expression levels of tight junction proteins and mucin-2 in ileum tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid detection. Results Compared with the control group, the probiotic complex intervention increased the food intake ( P < 0.05) of the experimental animals, delayed weight loss ( P < 0.05), alleviated diarrhoea ( P < 0.05), and improved the histopathological score of ileal mucosal injury ( P < 0.05). The probiotic complex intervention decreased the levels of IL-1β ( P < 0.05), IL-6 ( P < 0.001), MPO ( P < 0.001), TNF-α ( P < 0.001), and LPS ( P < 0.001) in the jejunum, whereas the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 increased ( P < 0.05). Additionally, MUC-2 and the mucosal barrier proteins occludin and claudin were upregulated at the gene expression level ( P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and isobutyric acid in the colon increased, especially the concentration of butyric acid (P<0.01). It significantly reversed the decrease in Firmicutes and the simultaneous increase in Aspergillus ( P < 0.001) and reduced the enrichment of Akkermansiaceae bacteria ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in butyrate-producing bacteria, including Lactobacillus, acidophilus, Clostridium, UCG-014, Muridae , and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 , in the intervention group. Conclusions Administration of probiotic complexes of Bacillus coagulans and Clostridium casei has the ability to improve intestinal mechanical, chemical, immune, and biological barrier functions and plays a protective role against 5-FU-induced intestinal barrier damage in rats. The potential mechanism needs further clarification.
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ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
·
2025
·Vol. 47
·期 12
·568
·
IF 3.8
Xie Hongguan,Gong Lian,Lei Shiwei,Li Shida,Feng Yuxin,Liao Lin,Wang Yue,Wang Kongxi
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pose a significant threat to the ecological environment, and plant–microbe remediation represents a promising strategy for the treatment of contaminated soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of foliar application of selenite or selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the remediation efficiency of pyrene by Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) and Bacillus subtilis PSL-1. A pot experiment was conducted with foliar selenium treatments at different concentrations (5–15 mg kg −1 ), and the effects were comparatively analyzed in terms of plant physiological parameters (chlorophyll content, biomass, and antioxidant enzyme activity), soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase and catalase), soil pyrene speciation, and microbial community structure. The results showed that low-concentration foliar selenium application (5 mg L −1 ) enhanced antioxidant defense, alleviated oxidative stress, and promoted chlorophyll synthesis and growth of Alfalfa, thereby stimulating soil enzyme activity and enriching pyrene-degrading microorganisms. Consequently, the pyrene degradation rate increased from 62.07% to 67.83–71.91%. In contrast, high selenite concentration (15 mg L −1 ) induced phytotoxicity and weakened the stimulation of soil enzyme and microbial activities. Compared with selenite, SeNPs consistently enhanced the remediation efficiency across all tested concentrations, demonstrating a broader safe concentration range. Overall, foliar selenium application effectively promoted plant–microbe remediation of pyrene-contaminated soil, and SeNPs exhibiting a superior promoting effect and higher application potential than selenite.
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Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Lan Zhang,Yiming Zhou,Minglong Wang,Zhaofeng Li,Caiming Li
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder. Although natural components such as polyphenols and polysaccharides have demonstrated anti-diabetic potential, the in vivo synergistic effects of their combinations remain poorly understood. This study explored the hypoglycemic effects and molecular mechanisms of Bacillus subtilis exopolysaccharides (BS-EPS) and their combination with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. Monotherapy with BS-EPS (200 mg/kg·bw/day) or EGCG (100 mg/kg·bw/day) significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels by 15.3 % and 15.7 %, respectively, while combination therapy showed a superior reduction of 25.4 %. Moreover, the combined treatment significantly improved insulin sensitivity and alleviated hepatic injury. The combined treatment modulated the gut microbiota composition by enriching beneficial bacteria (including Faecalibaculum , Akkermansia , and Parabacteroides ) while enhancing short-chain fatty acid production, particularly acetate. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the combined treatment altered bile acids and glycerophospholipids profiles, while modulating key metabolic pathways including choline metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that the combined intervention of BS-EPS and EGCG may synergistically ameliorate hyperglycemia through gut microbiota-metabolite-pathway interactions, supporting their potential as a dietary intervention for T2DM.
研究领域:
营养生物化学
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微生物组研究
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代谢组学
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糖尿病研究
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功能食品
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Yang Yang,Yu-Xin Zhou,Le-Yao Jia,Xin-Yang Song,Ya-Jie Lai,Si-Yuan Liu,Su-Yan Wang,Pedro Laborda,Xin-Chi Shi
BACKGROUND The spoVF operon, encoding the dipicolinic acid (DPA) synthase, is critical for sporulation in Bacillus subtilis . A recent study suggested that spoVF expression in vegetative cells promotes biofilm formation, yet the detailed regulatory pathways and the underlying metabolic connections remain to be fully elucidated. RESULTS In this study, deletion of spoVF subunits spoVFA and spoVFB severely reduced DPA synthesis, downregulated mreB gene expression, and impaired biofilm formation, with mutant ΔA showing stronger effects than mutant ΔB. Although wild type B. subtilis 168 cells exhibited rod shape, double mutant ΔAΔB cells were spherical. In the MT strain, engineered for enhanced spoVF expression during vegetative growth, the upregulation of key TCA cycle genes (e.g., citC ) and glutamate synthesis genes (e.g., gltA ) was observed. This metabolic reprogramming was accompanied by the promotion of Spo0A phosphorylation. The activated Spo0A~P then inhibited the SinR and AbrB repressors, which led to the activation of the eps and tasA biofilm operons. The MT strain showed superior stress tolerance to high temperature (42 °C), salt, acidic and alkaline pH, and UV-A and UV-B radiation. Additionally, the MT strain exhibited higher nutrient competition ability, and in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against the sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) storage root pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata compared to mutant ΔA, ΔB, and ΔAΔB strains. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidates how the spoVF operon links the central metabolic pathways with B. subtilis cell morphology and biofilm formation, offering a novel target for engineering advanced Bacillus -based biocontrol agents. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.2
Zihan Chi,Ye Feng,Jianlin Wang,Guangmeng Lv,Xiuyu Fang,Teng Teng,Baoming Shi
Corn gluten meal is recognized as a potential source of high-quality plant-derived proteins. The enhancement of its protein quality can be accomplished through the incorporation of keratinase during solid-state fermentation. However, the widespread application of keratinase is constrained by its high production costs. In this study, two Bacillus strains capable of producing keratinase were isolated. Compared to separate fermentation processes, B. subtilis LDJ01 and B. siamensis LDJ02 mixed bacteria solution (SS) fermentation could more efficiently degrade large proteins in the corn gluten-wheat bran mixture (CGW). After fermentation, the small peptide content of the CGW was significantly increased and the SS showed the potential to replace keratinase. Moreover, the addition of SS improved the nutritional value and changed the overall odor of the CGW. Furthermore, the SS could inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria including Pantoea and Pseudomonas in the CGW, while promoting the enrichment of beneficial metabolites such as SCFAs, glutathione, lithocholic acid and lactobionic acid during fermentation. Notably, the fermentation process of the CGW primarily involved changes in amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways. Overall, this study provides a feasible solution for the development of plant-based protein resources.
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BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·Vol. 19
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 2.303
Zhang Ge,Li Shugui,Xu Yingbo,Wang Juan,Wang Fan,Xin Yuhua,Shen Zhong,Zhang Haibo,Ma Ming,Liu Haobao
Background Tobacco stalk (TS), a major agricultural waste abundant in pectin, has resulted in concerns about the need for its reuse. The nicotine in TS is considered a chemical that is to\xic and hazardous to the environment. Results In this study, Bacillus tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33 was isolated from cigar wrappers to produce alkaline pectinase using TS. Subsequently, the medium and fermentation conditions for the production of pectinase by B . tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33 were optimized. The optimal fermentation period, pH of the initial fermentation medium, concentration of TS, and inoculum amount for B . tequilensis CAS-MEI-2-33 were 40 h, 40 g/L, 7.0, and 3%, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the pectinase activity was 1370 U/mL. Then, the enzymatic properties, such as the optimum pH, reaction temperature, temperature stability, and effects of metal ions, were studied. The optimal pH was determined to be 10.0, indicating that the enzyme was an alkaline pectinase. The optimal temperature was 40 °C, and pectinase activity was stable at 40 °C. The Ag + metal ions were shown to remarkably promote enzyme activity. The pectinase was partly purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-100 chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and LC-MS/MS analyses were utilized to analyze the pectinase. Conclusions This study provided a new alkaline pectinase candidate and a new strategy for the use of TS.
研究领域:
生物技术
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酶学
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环境科学
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
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2021
·Vol. 29
·期 4
·6237-6250
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IF 4.223
Chen Xi,Lin Hai,Dong Yingbo,Li Bing,Yin Tingting,Liu Chenjing
The complex mixtures of antibiotics and heavy metals are commonly existed in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. Effective and simultaneous removal of these toxic compounds by microorganisms, especially single strains, remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a novel functional strain SDB4, isolated from duck manure and identified as Bacillus sp., has been shown to possess high removal capabilities for both sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Zn 2+ . The maximum removal efficiency achieved 73.97% for SMX and 84.06% for Zn 2+ within 48 h in the single pollution system. It has great potential for eliminating SMX along with Zn 2+ , 78.45% of SMX and 52.91% of Zn 2+ were removed in the 20 mg·L -1 SMX and 100 mg·L -1 Zn 2+ binary system. Furthermore, the SMX-biotransformation capability of SDB4 was enhanced at low concentrations of Zn 2+ (below 100 mg·L -1 ). The SMX biotransformation and Zn 2+ adsorption data fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, indicating that the two pollutants were in accordance with the same removal rule. N 4 -acetyl-SMX was identified as the main stable transformation product during SMX removal. FTIR analyses revealed that OH, NH 2 , C=O, C-N/N-H, and C-O-C played major roles in the adsorption of Zn 2+ . Our study of the dually functioning strain SDB4 provides a potential application for the simultaneous biological removal of antibiotics and heavy metals.
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Materials Today Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Jian Gou,Yousong Hu,Luxin Xing,Jun Xu,Fengzhi Yue,Lina Zhang,Lei Jia
Traditional luminescent materials for anti-counterfeiting usually adopt encryption of low-level systems with limited security, which seriously hinders their application in preventing counterfeiting and information leakage. Therefore, it is urgent to develop materials for higher-level anti-counterfeiting. In this work, a stimulus-responsive intelligent luminescent material (AC@CDs-Eu-MOFs) was prepared by co-loading green-fluorescence CDs and red-fluorescence Eu-MOFs on Amino clay (AC). 5D security barcodes, which were easy to observe while difficult to clone, were ulteriorly designed based on the nanocomposite owing to the tunable fluorescence by optical stimulation and chemical stimulus. Owing to the large capacity, low cost, and easy authentication, the 5D security barcodes possess enormous potential in optical data storage and multi-dimensional information encryption. In addition, the chemical stimulus-response enables the nanocomposite achievable in detection of Cu 2+ and Bacillus anthracis. Particularly, quantitative determination of copper in environmental water samples could be realized with a detection limit as low as 10.67 nM. Therefore, the material shows potential for detection of environmental pollutants besides advanced anti-counterfeiting.
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BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 3.8
Wenyu Gao,Guanying Shi,Lihua Zhang,Zhaogai Wang,Wei Zong
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT, E.C.2.3.2.2) has great applications in the food industry, but there is no commercially available bacterial GGT on the market. In this paper, response surface methodology was used to optimize the yield of Bacillus licheniformis GGT ( Bl GGT). The enzyme was extracted and used to catalyze the synthesis of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in Toona sinensis (TS). The results showed that the optimal conditions for fermentation of GGT production were: lactose 8 g/L, tryptone: soybean meal (1:1) 15 g/L, MgSO 4 ·7 H 2 O 0.5 g/L, K 2 HPO 4 1 g/L, inoculum volume of 5 % v/v, initial pH 8.0, loading volume of 50 mL, and fermentation temperature of 37.0 ℃. Under this condition, the enzyme activity of GGT reached 918.38 ± 0.012 U/L, which was 19 times higher than the activity under the initial medium conditions. In addition, when the GGT was added to the precursor extract from TS, it was noteworthy that VSCs in TS were regained, with the total amount reaching 30.38 μg/mL. The optimization of the fermentation medium to increase the yield of Bl GGT may also provide valuable data for the large-scale production of GGT. The results of this study provide an effective pathway for the synthesis of unique VSCs in TS.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.6
Yanmei Li,Zixi Chen,Zigan Xu,Jinmei Wu,Dexin Yang,Yeye Yu,Ting Xie,Yong Dai,Shaodong Luan,Hanchao Gao
The study aims to investigate the antibacterial effect and mechanism of rhein against Bacillus cereus using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics combined with non-targeted metabolomics. The results showed that rhein exhibited strong antimicrobial effect against B. cereus , with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.2 μg/mL and 2.4 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, rhein treatment increased membrane permeability, induced reactive oxygen species generation, and disrupted the cell morphology of B. cereus cells. Notably, rhein could effectively inhibit the proliferation of B. cereus in cooked rice and skimmed milk during the storage at 4 °C. Proteomics and metabolomics analyses identified 288 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and 402 differential metabolites (DMs) in rhein-treated B . cereus . These molecules were involved in multiple biological pathways related to primary metabolism, carbon metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis and energy production, as well as the synthesis of secondary metabolites and stress response-related signaling pathways. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that rhein disrupted key cellular processes, including amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and flagellar structure. These disruptions significantly impaired bacterial metabolic functions and motility, ultimately inhibiting bacterial growth and leading to cell death. This research provides valuable understanding into the mechanism of rhein's action against B . cereus and lays theoretical foundations for its potential use as an antibacterial agent in the food industry.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品科学
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蛋白质组学
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代谢组学
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抗菌药物研究
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食品安全
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）