PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2025
·
IF 2
Liang Zhang,Chen Zhao,Zuohui Xu,Yuhuai Shi,Erhai An,Jinhu Liang,Xiong Cao
Al is widely used in solid propellants for its high energy density. (C 6 H 14 N 2 )[NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ]（DAP-4）, a novel energetic material, exhibits excellent detonation performance, thermal stability, oxidizing capacity, and cost efficiency, making it a promising high-energy oxidizer. This study investigated the ignition and combustion properties of DAP-4/nano-Al mixtures. DAP-4 was synthesized via a one-pot molecular self-assembly strategy, and mixtures with varying Al ratios (10%–30%) were prepared through mechanical mixing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the mixed powders retained their original crystalline structures without the formation of new phases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that nano-Al particles adhered effectively to DAP-4 surfaces, with higher Al content increasing the particle coverage. Elemental mapping and EDS were used to further characterize the surface morphology changes. Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry（TG–DSC） indicated good compatibility between DAP-4 and nano-Al, with minimal mutual interference during thermal decomposition. Ignition experiments were conducted in a shock tube under temperatures (2200–3100 K) and pressures (0.1 and 0.5 MPa). The results showed that in the DAP-4/nano-Al mixtures, an increase in the Al fraction caused a decrease in the ignition delay time and an increase in the burn time. Simultaneously, the reaction in the presence of Al changed qualitatively, as is apparent from the changed activation energies. Compared to the combustion of neat DAP-4, both the ignition delay and burn times could be longer or shorter, depending on the Al fraction. This study demonstrated that the addition of nano-Al effectively enhanced DAP-4 combustion. In practice, DAP-4's ignition and combustion can be controlled by adjusting the nano-Al mass fraction.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
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IF 13.3
Wei Huang,Yao-feng Mao,Jie Chen,Jian Wang,Wei Cao,Xing-quan Zhang,Jun Wang
Aluminum/Polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) composites have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable energy density and wide range of applications. Unfortunately, the inert oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 ) on the surface of Al and the interfacial contact area between PTFE and Al seriously impact the combustion reaction kinetics and energy output efficiency. Here, an approach is utilized to significantly enhance the interfacial contact area between Al and PTFE through F 2601 serving as the bridging agent. The ignition, combustion reaction, and energetic performance (pressure and combustion heat) can be adjusted by varying the particle size of Al and PTFE content. The energy release efficiency of bridging Al/PTFE has been improved significantly as PTFE content increases and the particle size of Al decreases. The bridging Al/PTFE with 10 μm Al and nano Al exhibit a bright and wide flame, and a fierce flame propagation process, as well as much high pressure output (167.73 kPa and 199.92 kPa) and heat release (11879 J/g and 12322 J/g). Furthermore, the critical mass ratio (approximately 88/12) of bridging Al/PTFE for self-sustained combustion has been obtained for the first time. The improvement of energy output performance is attributed to the interfacial contact between PTFE and Al and the reaction of fluorine and Al 2 O 3 resulted from bridging Al/PTFE through F 2601 . The prepared bridging Al/PTFE with high energy output characteristics holds great potential in solid propellants, reactive materials, and other high-energy fuels.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
·
2024
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IF 6.1
Qiang Liu,Jiarui Yang,Guoqing Tian,Zhenhui Huang,Liying Shen,Chuyan Hu,Baihan Wang,Kaiyang Wang,Shuang Feng,Feng Ye
Materials with high specific strength and toughness are urgently needed in the fields of electronic packaging, armor, and aerospace. SiC/Al composites show good potential for these applications but the problem of mutual exclusion of strength and toughness still needs to be solved. Herein, we propose a new strategy to simultaneously enhance its strength and toughness from the perspective of structural optimization and interface enhancement. Inspired by the nacre structure, a 3D-(SiC–Si 3 N 4 )/Al co-continuous composite was prepared by freeze-casting combined with the pressure infiltration method. During the process, elongated Si 3 N 4 grains were introduced into the ceramic framework to design the internal lamella wall structure and increase the contact area with the aluminum substrate. Moreover, a favorable interfacial bonding was designed between Si 3 N 4 and Al to improve interface wettability . The reliable microstructure of porous 3D-(SiC–Si 3 N 4 ) preform was tailored through the adjustment of initial solid loading and the α-Si 3 N 4 component. The effects of initial solid loading and the α-Si 3 N 4 component on the microstructure, interfacial wettability, and mechanical properties of the final composites were investigated. The results showed that the SiC–Si 3 N 4 /Al composites possess high flexural strength (769 MPa) and fracture toughness (15.1 MPa m 1/2 ), which is superior to data reported in general literature. Numerous elongated β-Si 3 N 4 grains are produced on the ceramic skeleton, forming an interlocking structure with the aluminum matrix, which increases the contact area with the aluminum substrate. A chemical reaction layer was formed at the interface of the composite, greatly improving the interfacial bonding strength. This work provides a promising design guideline for developing and optimizing high-strength and tough composite.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Lanting Yang,Zhaokang Chen,Lihao Wang,Zhenwei Zhang,Ruihao Wang,Changping Guo
The high sensitivity of high explosive hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) limits its applicability, and the performance optimization brought by the synergistic effect between nanothermite and CL-20 is expected to expand its application prospects. In this study, polydopamine (PDA) was introduced to modify CL-20 (denoted as pCL-20), and a quasi-core/shell pCL-20/polytetrafluoroethylene-aluminum (pCL-20/PTFE-Al) composite was successfully prepared by ultrasonic-assisted composite method. The performance characterization results demonstrate that the composite exhibits significantly better decomposition heat release than the mixed sample, a reduction in combustion time from 408 ms to 268 ms, a more stable combustion flame, and more focused energy release. At the same time, the comparison of composite combustion with different condition variables reflects the combustion advantages of the selected proportional conditions in this study. The characteristic drop height (H 50 ) increased from 24.05 cm to 42.15 cm, the explosive percentage of friction sensitivity reduced from 100 % to 70 %, and the sensitivity of the composite sample decreased significantly when compared to the raw CL-20. It improves the combustion performance while reducing the sensitivity, thereby enhancing the application potential and providing a reference for the high-energy desensitization of energetic materials.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 41
·34768-34780
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IF 4.6
Qiwen Zhang,Yong Fan,Yimin Zhang,Peng Liu,Hong Liu,Zihanyu Zhang,Xiuqiong Fu
Molten salt electrolysis is a promising method for producing metallic vanadium, overcoming the limitations of conventional processes, such as high purity requirements for raw materials and high impurity content. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing soluble vanadium–aluminum alloy anodes in KCl–LiCl molten salt, where vanadium is dissolved as V2+ and V3+. Optimal conditions were identified as 0.3 A cm−2 current density, 500 °C temperature, and 6 h duration. High purity metallic vanadium was prepared under these conditions, and the electrolysis efficiency reached 89.53%. Electrochemical analysis revealed three reduction processes: Al(III) → Al, V(III) → V(II) and V(II) → V. In molten salts, vanadium ions existed in coordination forms as VCl2, VCl3, VCl42−, and VCl63−, while aluminum ions were present as AlCl4−. The process was confirmed as diffusion-controlled, with calculated V(III) diffusion coefficients. Nucleation mechanism analysis demonstrated dual vanadium deposition pathways: instantaneous and progressive nucleation. Fluoride ions were found to enhance reaction kinetics through chloride substitution in aluminum complexes, increasing free chloride availability for vanadium coordination and improving ion mobility. The developed method offers significant advantages in energy efficiency and product quality compared to traditional metallurgical approaches, providing insights for optimization of molten salt electrolysis systems in refractory metal production.
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PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
·
2020
·
IF 2.029
Xingkun Zhu,Nan Zou,Hongchang Pang,Peng Tian,Guiling Ning
A high-efficient composite of flame retardant (CFR) composed of an aluminum hydroxide (ATH) core and an aluminum phosphate (AP) flower-like shell was synthesized by an in-situ growth method, which is low cost and easy-to-handle. It has been demonstrated that flame retardancy and smoke suppression of (ethylene-vinyl acetate) EVA/CFR were enhanced compared to EVA/ATH attributed to the high-efficiency heat barrier and gas isolation of ceramic char residues mainly composed of Al 2 O 3 porcelain agents and AlPO 4 sintering aids. Thus, the novel hierarchical core-shell AlPO 4 @Al(OH) 3 might supersede the ATH as flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
·
2019
·
IF 2.251
Jun Wang,Chengcheng Zeng,Chunhong Zhan,Long Zhang
Nanoenergetic composites composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fuel (Aluminum) have potential applications in the military and civilian fields owing to high energy density and exothermic reaction. Herein, the ignition, energy output and combustion characteristics of Al/PTFE were tuned by employed carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene based on high thermal conductivity. The highest output energy and combustion speed of PTFE/Al with 3 wt% CNTs are 3158 J/g and 397 m/s, respectively, which are higher than that of PTFE/Al (2106 J/g and 260 m/s) and PTFE/Al with graphene (2201 J/g and 286 m/s). The onset reaction temperature and ignition delay time of PTFE/Al with 3 wt% CNTs are reduced by 80 °C and 0.21 ms, respectively. Furthermore, the flame structure of PTFE/Al with graphene is significantly changed from semicircle to spiculate. This work provides efficient approach to improve reactivity and combustion properties and understand the heat transfer in combustion reaction process of PTFE/Al.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2016
·
IF 4.803
Wei Li,Zeng Chen,Chaochao Wei,Wenping Kong,Binghua Xu,Xiyang Jia,Chunli Diao,Shengjun Li
An electrochemical method was developed for the formation of Al-Cu alloys. The electrodeposition of aluminum on Mo and Cu substrates was studied using cyclic voltammetry in molten LiCl-KCl-AlCl 3 (2 wt.%). During the cathodic scan of the cyclic voltammograms, three different Al-Cu alloys were observed before pure Al formed on the Cu substrate. The electrochemical formation processes were studied using square wave voltammetry and open circuit chronopotentiometry. The products of the different reduction processes were identified using XRD. The XRD results indicated that three different Al-Cu intermetallic compounds, Al 4 Cu 9 , AlCu, and Al 2 Cu, were obtained using electrochemical deposition in the molten salt system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 2.1
Wenchao Zhang,Qiang Fu,Qixin Yuan,Han Li,Dong Yue,Yu Feng,Qingguo Chen,Jinghua Yin
Polyimide (PI) film have been synthesized and used extensively in energy transmission, wind power generation, new energy vehicles, lidar, and high-power weapons, et al. Nevertheless, it is still challenge to further improve the breakdown strength and dielectric constant of PI film. After the powders of Al0.5xNb0.5xSi1-xO2 (NASO (x mol%)) have been fabricated, it was analyzed that the effect of doping elements Al3+ and Nb5+ on the surface chemistry and microstructure of the NASO powder. And then a small amount of NASO powder was polymerized in situ with PI matrix material, and the effects of NASO on dielectric properties and breakdown strength of the NASO/PI composites were analyzed. The results showed that the introduction of the doping elements Al3+ and Nb5+ favors could be conductive to the formation of oxygen vacancies on the surface of the NASO particle, which improved the surface activity and chemical reactivity of the NASO particle. The PI matrix can efficiently capture additional charges and enhance the insulating characteristics of the NASO/PI composite by properly doping NASO fillers with specific defect concentrations. In the results the breakdown strength of 1 vol% NASO (1 mol%)/PI composites reaches 334.38 kV/mm, which is a 19.6% higher than that of PI. Because the traps in the fillers capture and suppress the carrier transport to enhance the insulating properties of the composites. This work offers a novel synthesis method to simultaneously produce polymer dielectrics with high insulation and high polarization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电气工程
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2020
·
IF 4.939
Chen Chen,Xu Guan,Hongbo Wang,Shijie Dong,Ping Luo
In this paper, a novel Al–Bi(OH) 3 system hydrogen-generating material is investigated. Hydrolysis experiments show that the hydrolysis properties of the Al–10 wt% Bi(OH) 3 composite are significantly improved by doping with sodium chloride, and the Al–10 wt% Bi(OH) 3 –5 wt% NaCl composite has a low activation energy (10.4 kJ mol −1 ). With the further optimization of milling time, the hydrogen yield of Al–10 wt% Bi(OH) 3 –5 wt% NaCl composite reaches 1000 mL g −1 in 1 min. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis are applied to characterize the composite and explore the hydrolysis mechanism. The characterization results show that the activation of aluminum mainly comes from three factors: (1) The formation of alumina during ball milling plays an important role in preventing the agglomeration between Al–Bi, Al–Al and Bi–Bi; (2) Bismuth generated during ball milling can form micro-galvanic cell with aluminum to promote the corrosion of aluminum; (3) Sodium chloride as a grinding aid contributes to crush aluminum powder , and chloride ions facilitate the corrosion of aluminum in the hydrolysis process . In addition, the drying method and initial water temperature have a great influence on by-products. The composite is expected to be used in mobile emergency fuel cell due to its rapid hydrogen production capacity.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Dongqing Kong,Haodong Fan,Xuefei Ding,Dandan Wang,Shuang Tian,Haoyu Hu,Dongfeng Du,Yanpeng Li,Xiuli Gao,Han Hu,Qingzhong Xue,Zifeng Yan,Hao Ren,Wei Xing
The urgent need for large-scale, low-cost energy storage has driven a new wave of research focusing on innovative batteries. Due to the high capacity and the low-cost of elemental Al, aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are expected as promising candidates for future energy storage. However, further development of AIBs is restricted by the performance of existing carbon-based cathodes and metal chalcogenide cathode materials. In this work, we deposited polythiophene (Pth) on a graphene oxide (Pth@GO) composite and used it as an AIB cathode material. This Pth@GO composite possesses high exposure of Pth active sites, high conductivity, and high structure stability while providing a very high discharge capacity (up to 130 mAh g–1) and outstanding cyclic stability (maintaining above 100 mAh g–1 after 4000 cycles). First principles calculations and experimental results show that the charge is stored on Pth@GO through an electrostatic attraction between AlCl4– and β-hydrogen (Cβ–H) sites in polythiophene.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Lu Kang,Qingning Li,Ketong Luo,Shengkui Zhong,Dongliang Yan
Nonaqueous rechargeable Al batteries (RABs) have attracted significant research interest due to the extremely abundant reserves, high theoretical capacities, and low-cost. However, the commonly used nonaqueous RAB ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes are highly air-sensitive and high-cost, which seriously limits their commercial application. Herein, AlCl3–guanidine hydrochloride (AlCl3–GdnHCl), a new low-cost and environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) with only 1/40 of the cost of [EMIm]AlxCly is introduced into applications for nonaqueous RABs. The battery displays a discharge capacity of 128 mAh g–1 at 0.1 A g–1, which is significantly higher than that of 88 mAh g–1 in [EMIC]AlxCly electrolyte. It can reach 124.6 mAh g–1 at 1 A g–1 with the Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% for 1000 cycles. According to the mechanism studies, during the charge–discharge cycle, the fast deposition/dissolution reaction of Al took place at the anode side, while intercalation/deintercalation reaction of [AlCl2(Gdn)n]+ ions and chloroaluminate anions [AlxCly]− (i.e., Al2Cl7– and AlCl4–) occurred at the graphite cathode side. With such significant electrochemical behaviors, the AlCl3–GdnHCl DES possesses great potential for use in high-performance storage devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）