Advanced Science
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 14
·2206833
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IF 15.1
Xieming Xu,Fang Wang,Weiwei Xu,Hao Lu,Lingfei Lv,Hongyuan Sha,Xiaoming Jiang,Shaofan Wu,Shuaihua Wang
Semiconductor-based X-ray detectors with low detectable thresholds become critical in medical radiography applications. However, their performance is generally limited by intrinsic defects or unresolved issues of materials, and developing a novel scintillation semiconductor for low-dose X-ray detection is a highly urgent objective. Herein, a high-quality rare-earth iodate Tm(IO 3 ) 3 single crystal grown through low-cost solution processing is reported with a wide bandgap of 4.1 eV and a large atomic number of 53.2. The roles of I O and Tm O groups for charge transport in the Tm(IO 3 ) 3 are revealed with the structural difference between the [101] and [ 1 ¯ 01 ] $[{\bar{1}}01]$ crystal orientations. Based on anisotropic responses of material properties and detection performances, it is found that the [ 1 ¯ 01 ${\bar{1}}01$ ] orientation, the path with fewer I O groups, achieves a high resistivity of 1.02 × 10 11 Ω cm. Consequently, a single-crystal detector exhibits a low dark current and small baseline drifting due to the wide bandgap, high resistivity and less ion migration of Tm(IO 3 ) 3 , resulting in a low detection limit of 85.2 nGy air s −1 . An excellent X-ray imaging performance with a high sensitivity of 4406.6 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 is also shown in the Tm(IO 3 ) 3 device. These findings provide a new material design perspective for high-performance X-ray imaging applications.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2023
·
IF 6
Ningning Zhang,Tian Pang,Rui Han,Zhanglei Zhu,Zhen Li
Surface roughness has a significant effect on mineral flotation. In this study, the surface roughness of quartz was altered using HF etching and their values before and after acid etching were quantified using AFM. Anionic flotation experiments with CaCl 2 as activator and sodium oleate (NaOL) as collector, and cationic flotation experiments with dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DTAC) as collector were carried out for both the raw and acid-etched samples. The results showed that acid etching is beneficial to increase the surface roughness of quartz. The rougher quartz particle has higher recovery and quicker flotation rate during anionic flotation, while lower recovery and slower flotation rate during cationic flotation. The role of surface roughness in the discrepancy of these two flotations was investigated in terms of surface chemistry by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV spectrophotometer, surface force tensiometer, and zeta potential analyzer. The rougher sample was confirmed to have more unsaturated interfacial active sites, adsorbed more Ca 2+ and NaOL, and exhibited higher hydrophobicity in anionic flotation. Differently, the rougher sample was verified to have less interfacial negative charge, adsorbed less DTAC, and exhibited weaker hydrophobicity in cationic flotation. Taken together, the surface roughness altered by acid etching has different effects on the adsorption capacity of NaOL and DTAC, thus affecting the wettability and floatability of quartz particles inconsistently in anionic and cationic flotation.
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Nano Energy
·
2023
·
IF 17.6
Taotao Zhan,Haiyang Zou,Hengfei Zhang,Peng He,Zhanlei Liu,Junshuai Chen,Maogang He,Ying Zhang,Zhong Lin Wang
It is highly desirable to measure fluid pressure and its pulsations through portable, handheld instruments and test kits, which allow a rapid, low-cost, and reliable quantification about liquid status, especially for cheaper, faster, and smarter point-of-care testing (POCT). Here, we proposed a portable self-powered smart fluid pressure sensor based on a liquid piston triboelectric nanogenerator (LP-TENG). By analyzing the characteristic signals due to the triboelectrification effect, electrostatic induction, and theory of the ideal gas equation , the developed sensor is able to determine the fluid’s pressure and flowing status quantitatively (e.g., moving direction, flow rate, blockages, pipe bursts, leakage, etc.). Here, a simply fabricated device has the highest accuracy of 0.4 kPa with a pressure range from 0 kPa to 30 kPa, which is superior to most commercial sensors. Furthermore, the electric performance can reach a resolution ratio of 10 mmHg, which is adequate to accurately identify the blood pressure (BP) level. Consequently, the self-powered LP-TENG is capable of real-time monitoring the fluid status, which can fit the need for diagnosing and detecting the BP level as a reliable POCT device in healthcare products , as well as other broad potential applications in manufacturing, transportation, and civil service.
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ACS Applied Electronic Materials
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
Hai Jiang,Mei Qin,Cheng Zhang,Zhiwei Weng,Jiabo Zhang,Xuan Weng
The implementation of tactile functions in array sensors has created an urgent need for high-performance force sensors with both high linearity and sensitivity so as to ensure the uniformity and accuracy of acquisition of multiple sensing units in the array sensors. In addition, it still remains challenging to fabricate exquisite geometric constructions for integrating highly sensitive materials, extraordinary sensitivity, high stretchability, wide sensing range, and flexibility into a single type of pressure/strain sensor. Herein, a sensitive flexible sensor was fabricated that was composed of mixed-dimensional MXene-based nanocomposites as piezoresistive layers and Ecoflex layers as the encapsulation. The resultant sensors with MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-ANF (aramid nanofiber)-BP (black phosphorus)-gold (Au) nanocomposites exhibited excellent electrical conductivity, ultrahigh press sensitivity of 0.4986 kPa–1 (0–1 kPa), reliable linearity (R2 = 0.998), rapid response time of 12 ms, excellent durability over 4000 cycles, and ultrahigh tensile sensitivity of 9188.583. An 8 × 8 pixel electronic skin was fabricated by the as-prepared mixed-dimensional MXene-based sensors and tested in the identification of sliding movements and surface shape, and the good performance shows great potential applications in the fields of wearable devices, human–machine interaction, and robotics.
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Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2023
·Vol. 10
·期 8
·2370-2379
·
IF 7
Yanli Ruan,Hang Xu,Haikuo Lei,Wenjuan Xue,Tianyu Wang,Shidong Song,Yangyang Yu,Gui-Rong Zhang,Donghai Mei
Zn–air batteries (ZABs) have been widely studied due to their high theoretical energy density, low cost, and high safety. However, the lack of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts toward both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) hinders their large-scale application. Herein, a dendritic NiS2@Co–N–C/CNF nanoarchitecture is proposed, which was fabricated by high-temperature carbonization of Co-MOFs and a subsequent simple hydrothermal composite method using NiS2 nanosheets. The catalyst is reasonably designed to integrate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR)/oxygen evolution reaction (OER) active sites on the surface of carbon nanofibers. Through the synergy between NiS2 and Co–N–C/CNF and the unique branch–leaf porous structure, the catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and stability. In an alkaline electrolyte, the OER overpotential of NiS2@Co–N–C/CNF is 300 mV at 10 mA cm−2. The ORR half-wave potential (E1/2) of NiS2@Co–N–C/CNF is 0.8 V. In addition, the superior catalytic activity of NiS2@Co–N–C/CNF could be transferred to a ZAB, which exhibits a maximum peak power density of 181 mW cm−2 along with an ultra-long cycling stability for 1050 and 600 h at discharging current densities of 5 and 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The performance is significantly higher than that of commercial precious metal Pt/C + IrO2 mixed catalysts. The peak power density of solid state ZAB (SSZAB) integrated with NiS2@Co–N–C/CNF is 76 mW cm−2, and it can still maintain excellent cycling stability under different bending states. More impressively, four in-series SSZABs (NiS2@Co–N–C/CNFs) can charge smartphones, indicating their potential feasibility in the field of wearable electronics.
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SURFACE ENGINEERING
·
2023
·
IF 2.8
Hao Liu,Yuelan Di,Haidou Wang,Yuncai Zhao
Metal components in microelectromechanical systems are prone to failure and corrosion due to droplet adhesion in wet environments. Several multi-level structures on the micro-nano scale may induce effective superhydrophobicity to prevent such adhesion. This study proposes a hybrid manufacturing process to generate ‘frame-cone’ textures on the surfaces of metals by combining ultra-fast laser etching and electrodeposition. Periodically distributed frame recesses and pits were coated with nano-submicron Ni coatings with conical shapes, and the pit depth and cone height were controlled by tuning the laser scanning time and current density, respectively. The surface adhesion force was reduced to 22.8 μN, and the static contact angle was maintained at 156.7° using the hybrid process, while the adhesion forces of laser etched samples with the same depth were 164.7 μN. The multi-level ‘frame-cone’ structure stored more air and reduced the contact areas between the bottoms of the pits and droplets. The hybrid process of ultra-fast laser etching and electrodeposition aided in improving the superhydrophobicity, with less damage to the substrate.
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Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 6
·2445
·
IF 3.4
Run Shi,Yuehan Hao,Deping Chen,Wenxin Liu
Reactive magnesia cement is considered an eco-efficient binder due to its low synthesis temperature and CO2absorption properties. However, the hydration of pure MgO–H2O mixtures cannot produce strong Mg(OH)2pastes. In this study, nesquehonite (Nes, MgCO3·3H2O) was added to the MgO–H2O system to improve its strength properties, and its hydration products and pore structure were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the hydration product changed from small plate-like Mg(OH)2crystals to interlaced sheet-like crystals after the addition of a small amount of Nes. The porosity increased from 36.3% to 64.6%, and the total pore surface area increased from 4.6 to 118.5 m2/g. At the same time, most of the pores decreased in size from the micron scale to the nanometer scale, which indicated that Nes had a positive effect on improving the pore structure and enhancing the compressive strength. Combined with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and a simultaneous thermal analyzer (TG/DSC), the hydration product of the sample after Nes addition could be described as xMgCO3·Mg(OH)2·yH2O. When Nes was added at 7.87 and 14.35 wt%, the x-values in the chemical formula of the hydration products were 0.025 and 0.048, respectively. These small x-values resulted in lattice and property parameters of the hydration products that were similar to those of Mg(OH)2.Keywords:nesquehonite;reactive magnesia;Mg(OH)2;magnesium carbonate hydroxide;pore structure;nanopore
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TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2023
·
IF 4.5
Hao LEI,Yan LI,Meng-wei GUO,Qi-bo ZHANG
Smooth Ag substrate achieved in-situ conversion to form nanoporous architecture that is assembled by highly dispersed nanoparticles (NPs) with a mean size of 21.88 nm by applying a redox potential signal in an alkaline solution with an appropriate pH range. The detailed phase constitution and microstructure evolution process of the Ag substrate induced by the electrochemical redox tuning approach were systemically investigated. Under the action of controllable redox potentials, the smooth Ag substrate is firstly electrochemically oxidized to form Ag 2 O with an expansion on the unit volume, followed by electrochemical reduction back to metallic Ag, causing the cell volume to shrink. The expansion and contraction of the unit volume during the highly reversible electrochemical process lead to in-situ formation of the highly porous Ag architectures. The fabricated Ag NPs-packed electrode exhibits as an excellent surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance, and the measured Raman spectrum of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) reaches a detection limit of 5.44×10 −10 mol/L.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 26
·8971-8981
·
IF 6.4
Zheng Yuan,Jun Yan,Feng Gao,Jue Cheng,Junying Zhang
It is a challenge to develop polyurea with high-performance and multifunctionality because the integration of functions often comes at the expense of mechanical properties. This work synthesized a novel diisocyanate with a pyrene side chain, followed by reacting with poly(propylene oxide) diamine to prepare polyurea elastomers (PPU-x). Herein, thanks to the strong π–π stacking effect between pyrene groups and the anchoring effect of the amino group, the maximum tensile strength of PPU-x reached 41.4 MPa. The large conjugate structure of pyrene groups also gave PPU-x outstanding fluorescence and UV shielding performance. More noteworthy is the fact that graphene can be well dispersed in PPU-x with such high polarity via π–π interactions, which caused the dielectric constant of graphene-modified PPU-x nanocomposites to be three times that of PPU-0.3. Furthermore, this nanocomposite was used to make a triboelectric nanogenerator. Under the action of 0.5 N, the output voltage can reach 80 V, which is expected to be used to monitor weak signals of the human body. This work opens up a new strategy for the development of high-performance polyurea and its graphene-modified multifunctional polyurea nanomaterials with wide potential applications.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Xiaoya Zang,He Li,Yubao Zhang,Yong Chen,Yong He,Nengyou Wu,Xuebing Zhou,Deqing Liang
To enhance the CO 2 separation efficiency of hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) technology, the kinetic process of hydrate formation from synthesized CH 4 /CO 2 /N 2 gas mixtures in the presence of cyclopentane (CP) and tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) and gas separation efficiency were studied at an initial pressure of 7.0 MPa and temperatures ranging from 275.1 to 290.1 K. The crystallographic properties of the mixed hydrates were also evaluated by Raman, powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) and cryo-scanning electron microscop(cryo-SEM). Results showed that the combination of CP and TBAB tended to inhibit the separation efficiency compared with pure CP. The maximum CH 4 recovery was 1.37 and the CO 2 split ratio was 0.791 when using CP and TBAB solution. The order of CO 2 split ratio in the different systems followed the order SDS > CP > TBAB/CP > CP/SDS > TBAB. Meanwhile, the adsorption capacity and gas consumption also decreased with an increase in TBAB concentration. Raman and XRD tests revealed that sI, sII, and semi-clathrate hydrates were found to coexist after hydrate formation and no other types of hydrates was formed. CH 4 could only enter the small cages (5 12 ) of the hydrate. SEM images showed that the hydrate crystals were ellipsoid-shaped with different sizes and stacked together to form a globular structure, suggesting that the specific surface area of the hydrate crystals enhanced with the increasing of TBAB concentration. These findings can be used to evaluate the feasibility of applying TBAB and CP in HBGS technology.
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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology
·
2023
·
IF 11.8
Haoyong Yu,Yangge Zhu,Liang Lu,Xiaoxing Hu,Songqing Li
This study aims to investigate the effect of a cationic-anionic mixed collector (dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/sodium oleate (DTAB/NaOL) on the selective separation of apatite, dolomite, and potassium feldspar. Herein, several experimental methods, including flotation experiments, zeta-potential detection, microcalorimetry detection, XPS analysis and FTIR measurements, were used. The flotation tests showed that dolomite and potassium feldspar can be successfully removed from apatite simultaneously when the molar ratio of DTAB to NaOL was 2:1 with pH 4.5. Zeta-potential and microcalorimetry detection suggested that NaOL and DTAB were adsorbed on the surface of dolomite and potassium feldspar respectively, and part of NaOL and DTAB formed co-adsorption on the surface of potassium feldspar to enhance the floatability of potassium feldspar. The XPS and FTIR spectra analysis demonstrated that the cationic collector, DTAB, was first adsorbed on the surface of potassium feldspar through electrostatic attraction in the DTAB/NaOL mixture system. Subsequently, the anionic NaOL collector and cationic DTAB collector form an electron neutralisation complex, thereby resulting in co-adsorption on the surface of potassium feldspar. NaOL was chemically reacted and adsorbed on dolomite surface, but almost no collector was adsorbed on apatite surface. Finally, the adsorption models of different collectors on mineral surface were obtained.
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Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 11
·4010
·
IF 3.4
Su Zhang,Baoyu Huang,Zenghao Jiang,Junfan Qian,Jiawei Cao,Qiuxia Feng,Jianwei Zhang,Xiaogan Li
Au modified TiO2/In2O3hollow nanospheres were synthesized by the hydrolysis method using the carbon nanospheres as a sacrificial template. Compared to pure In2O3, pure TiO2, and TiO2/In2O3based sensors, the Au/TiO2/In2O3nanosphere-based chemiresistive-type sensor exhibited excellent sensing performances to formaldehyde at room temperature under ultraviolet light (UV-LED) activation. The response of the Au/TiO2/In2O3nanocomposite-based sensor to 1 ppm formaldehyde was about 5.6, which is higher than that of In2O3(1.6), TiO2(2.1), and TiO2/In2O3(3.8). The response time and recovery time of the Au/TiO2/In2O3nanocomposite sensor were 18 s and 42 s, respectively. The detectable formaldehyde concentration could go down as low as 60 ppb. In situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to analyze the chemical reactions on the surface of the sensor activated by UV light. The improvement in the sensing properties of the Au/TiO2/In2O3nanocomposites could be attributed to the nanoheterojunctions and electronic/chemical sensitization of the Au nanoparticles.Keywords:Au modified TiO2/In2O3hollow nanospheres;room temperature formaldehyde sensors;UV activation;in situ DRIFTS
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