INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Wenchen Ren,Huanxi Wang,Qianlin Zhang,Mengchi Chen,Zhongrui Li,Huan Guo,Jing Bai,Xiaomin Dai,Santosh Kumar Verma,Yunhua Xu
In this paper, petal sheet layered Co-Al bimetallic hydroxides were prepared using the hydrothermal method using methanol as a solvent. Pt/Co-Al-O catalysts were produced after the impregnation method and H 2 reduction. This catalyst was applied to the dehydrogenation reaction process of methylcyclohexane to toluene. A fixed-bed reaction device carried out comparative tests of this series of catalysts, and the effect of Co addition on the performance of Pt/Co-Al-O catalysts was investigated in detail. Among them, the Pt/Co 3 -Al 1 -O catalyst showed the best performance with high toluene selectivity throughout the dehydrogenation process. The MCH conversion started to be greater than 90% at 330 °C, and the hydrogenolysis rate was 262.7 mmol/g Pt /min. The conversion gradually increased with the reaction temperature, and the conversion could reach 99.5% at 410 °C. The appropriate introduction of Co element can reduce the excessive strong acidic sites of Al 2 O 3 itself and retain a certain number of weak acidic sites, while the bimetallic hydroxide carrier improves the dispersibility of the active component, reduces its particle size, and forms a certain strong interaction between the carrier and Pt. The final conversion of the catalyst decreased by about 2% in the 100 h stability test at 380 °C, which indicated that the Pt/Co 3 –Al 1 –O catalyst had strong coking resistance and good stability. These results indicate that the Pt/Co–Al–O series catalysts have potential industrial applications in hydrogen energy utilization.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Huibin Liu,Xiao Chen,Shiyao Liu,Yan Du,Wenjun Zhu,Zhengwen Hu,Marc Armbrüster,Changhai Liang
Using the low-temperature molten salt strategy, Al–Ni intermetallic compound catalysts (AlNi, Al3Ni2, and AlNi3) with efficiently separated nickel sites are successfully prepared by reducing the oxides of stoichiometric mixtures of the corresponding elements. Applying these materials as catalysts in the semihydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene suggests that the AlNi3-derived catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance, achieving a remarkable styrene selectivity of 88% at a high conversion of phenylacetylene (99%). In conjunction with reaction kinetics, in situ infrared (IR) measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electron-rich Ni active center, created through electron transfer from Al atoms, plays a pivotal role in reducing the surface adsorption energy of styrene and thus enhancing the semihydrogenation selectivity. In addition, the magnetic AlNi3-derived catalysts exhibit excellent stability and can be easily separated by using a magnet.
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2024
·
IF 3.9
Xiaoyu Yan,Xiaoqing Xu,Yuhan Sun,Xiuyi Li,Jiale Xu,Renjie Ji,Rui Huang,Chunyi Li
Compared with propane dehydrogenation (PDH) technology, oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane is an effective way to break through the thermodynamic constraints, which has changed the endothermic reaction into exothermic. Meanwhile, coking in PDH was significantly reduced by the presence of an oxidant in ODH of propane. Therefore, ODH of propane has attracted wide interest and has been studied in recent years. However, the contradiction between the conversion of propane and the selectivity of propene was the intrinsic problem of ODH of propane that required further study. In this work, a novel aluminum/potassium-doped mixed metal oxide catalyst Mo 1 V 0.5 Al 0.02 K 0.03 O x was synthesized using a simple co-impregnation method, whose selectivity for propene (83.2 %) and conversion of propane (12.7 %) at 300 °C were the best among all other alkali metal/alkaline-earth metal-doped catalysts. The further discussion illustrated that doping potassium and alumina could synergistically adjust the density of acid sites on the catalyst, establishing an equilibrium between high propane conversion and the ideal propene selectivity. After modification, the density of Brønsted acid decreased, leading to an enhancement in the selectivity of propene. Simultaneously, the addition of steam in the feed gas promotes propene to oxygenates and improves the conversion of propane under the condition of constant contact time.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yunlong Yao,Peng Zhang,Yao Wang,Zhou Du,Zhichao Sun,Ying-Ya Liu,Anjie Wang
This study investigates the catalytic hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to value-added products, especially tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and furfuryl alcohol. A series of Ni-Fe-Al composite catalysts were synthesized through co-precipitation and subsequent hydrogen reduction. Among these, the Ni 5 Fe 1 Al 2 catalyst demonstrated extraordinary catalytic performance, achieving complete furfural conversion and 92.9 % tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol selectivity under mild conditions (50 °C, 0.5 MPa H 2 ). Comprehensive characterization using XRD, TEM, and XPS revealed that the optimized Ni 5 Fe 1 Al 2 –400 catalyst possessed high dispersion and abundant oxygen vacancies. The addition of pyridine in the feed had a great impact on the hydrogenation rate of furfuryl alcohol but much less on that of furfural. With pyridine in the feed, the main product shifted from tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol to furfuryl alcohol, while maintaining complete furfural conversion and achieving 97.5 % furfuryl alcohol selectivity at 50 °C. The Ni 5 Fe 1 Al 2 –400 deactivated in the 50-h run and can be regenerated by simple in-situ reduction, demonstrating excellent regenerability. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of efficient catalysts for selective biomass conversion.
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LANGMUIR
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Yi Tian,Wenbin Shi,Ping Yang,Xiao Zhang
Carbon dots (CDs) with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are expected to be used in sensors (e.g., metal ions and antibiotics). In this paper, aluminum-doped green-emitting CDs (M-Al-CDs) were prepared by a one-step solvothermal route using m-phenylenediamine. Al doping resulted in sample M-Al-CDs with enhanced green emission with a PLQY of 75.4% and related narrow photoluminescence (PL) spectra with a full width at half-maximum of 57 nm. The PLQYs of CDs increased by 2.3 times after Al doping. This phenomenon is ascribed to Al as a network former that can enter the carbon frameworks of CDs to affect the microstructure and PL. Highly crystalline CDs were created after Al addition, suggesting that the number of surface defects decreased and the radiation recombination efficiency increased. In addition, positive Al ions possess powerful coordination ability with the negative functional groups on the surface of CDs to further decrease nonradiational recombination, in which the Fourier transform infrared spectra of samples confirmed such interaction. Furthermore, these CDs also revealed excellent photo- and thermostability even after being stored at room temperature for 240 days. Sample M-Al-CDs exhibited a static quenching response to Cu2+ ions and oxytetracycline with detection limits of 0.1 and 1.0 μM, respectively. The specific detectability of M-Al-CDs for Cu2+ ions and oxytetracycline is related to the formation of stable complexes between M-Al-CDs and Cu2+ ions as well as to the interaction between Al ions and oxytetracycline. These results indicate an effective approach for the application of CDs as sensors.
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PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2025
·
IF 2
Liang Zhang,Chen Zhao,Zuohui Xu,Yuhuai Shi,Erhai An,Jinhu Liang,Xiong Cao
Al is widely used in solid propellants for its high energy density. (C 6 H 14 N 2 )[NH 4 (ClO 4 ) 3 ]（DAP-4）, a novel energetic material, exhibits excellent detonation performance, thermal stability, oxidizing capacity, and cost efficiency, making it a promising high-energy oxidizer. This study investigated the ignition and combustion properties of DAP-4/nano-Al mixtures. DAP-4 was synthesized via a one-pot molecular self-assembly strategy, and mixtures with varying Al ratios (10%–30%) were prepared through mechanical mixing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the mixed powders retained their original crystalline structures without the formation of new phases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that nano-Al particles adhered effectively to DAP-4 surfaces, with higher Al content increasing the particle coverage. Elemental mapping and EDS were used to further characterize the surface morphology changes. Thermogravimetry-Differential Scanning Calorimetry（TG–DSC） indicated good compatibility between DAP-4 and nano-Al, with minimal mutual interference during thermal decomposition. Ignition experiments were conducted in a shock tube under temperatures (2200–3100 K) and pressures (0.1 and 0.5 MPa). The results showed that in the DAP-4/nano-Al mixtures, an increase in the Al fraction caused a decrease in the ignition delay time and an increase in the burn time. Simultaneously, the reaction in the presence of Al changed qualitatively, as is apparent from the changed activation energies. Compared to the combustion of neat DAP-4, both the ignition delay and burn times could be longer or shorter, depending on the Al fraction. This study demonstrated that the addition of nano-Al effectively enhanced DAP-4 combustion. In practice, DAP-4's ignition and combustion can be controlled by adjusting the nano-Al mass fraction.
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ChemistrySelect
·
2025
·Vol. 10
·期 33
·e03600
·
IF 2
Jiaqin Wang,Fang Li,Yasi Wang,Wei Huang
Graphical The Al-doped ZnO catalyst has a lower work function, which is conducive to promoting the dissociation of CH x O* to form CH x *; it also facilitates the generation of Zn x+ and oxygen vacancies, which further promotes the generation of C 2+ OH. The direct conversion of syngas into C 2+ OH has attracted significant attention as a potential pathway for energy conversion. However, this process typically requires the use of precious metals or the collaborative action of multi-component catalysts, making it relatively complex. In this paper, simple and economical Al-doped ZnO catalysts were employed for the synthesis of C 2+ OH. The results show that the work function, Zn x+, and the relative content of oxygen vacancies are linearly related to C 2+ OH/ROH. When the doping amount was 7 mol%, the catalyst had the highest C 2+ OH/ROH (82.6 wt%), corresponding to the lowest work function value, the highest Zn x+ content, and the relative content of oxygen vacancies. We reveal that the successful synthesis of C 2+ OH depends not only on the low work function of the Al-doped ZnO but also on the existence of the oxygen vacancies and Zn x+ sites. Specifically, the low work function induced by Al doping facilitates electron transfer in the reaction, facilitating the dissociation of CH x O* into CH x *. Meanwhile, the presence of oxygen vacancies enhances the dissociative adsorption capacity of CO and facilitates the formation of CH x * species. The Zn x+ sites serve as active centers for carbon chain growth, promoting C–C coupling through the insertion of CO or CH x O* into CH x *, thereby achieving chain elongation.
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MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Qiang Liu,Jiarui Yang,Guoqing Tian,Zhenhui Huang,Liying Shen,Chuyan Hu,Baihan Wang,Kaiyang Wang,Shuang Feng,Feng Ye
Materials with high specific strength and toughness are urgently needed in the fields of electronic packaging, armor, and aerospace. SiC/Al composites show good potential for these applications but the problem of mutual exclusion of strength and toughness still needs to be solved. Herein, we propose a new strategy to simultaneously enhance its strength and toughness from the perspective of structural optimization and interface enhancement. Inspired by the nacre structure, a 3D-(SiC–Si 3 N 4 )/Al co-continuous composite was prepared by freeze-casting combined with the pressure infiltration method. During the process, elongated Si 3 N 4 grains were introduced into the ceramic framework to design the internal lamella wall structure and increase the contact area with the aluminum substrate. Moreover, a favorable interfacial bonding was designed between Si 3 N 4 and Al to improve interface wettability . The reliable microstructure of porous 3D-(SiC–Si 3 N 4 ) preform was tailored through the adjustment of initial solid loading and the α-Si 3 N 4 component. The effects of initial solid loading and the α-Si 3 N 4 component on the microstructure, interfacial wettability, and mechanical properties of the final composites were investigated. The results showed that the SiC–Si 3 N 4 /Al composites possess high flexural strength (769 MPa) and fracture toughness (15.1 MPa m 1/2 ), which is superior to data reported in general literature. Numerous elongated β-Si 3 N 4 grains are produced on the ceramic skeleton, forming an interlocking structure with the aluminum matrix, which increases the contact area with the aluminum substrate. A chemical reaction layer was formed at the interface of the composite, greatly improving the interfacial bonding strength. This work provides a promising design guideline for developing and optimizing high-strength and tough composite.
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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
·
2024
·
IF 4.3
Shiqi Chen,Liu Yang,Jun Shen
This study evaluated electron shielding capabilities of various materials using Geant4 Monte Carlo software. By analyzing materials with different atomic numbers, we designed and tested composite films and coatings for radiation protection. Under 1.2 MeV electron irradiation, these materials reduced the dose deposited in electronic components by over 70 %. The fabricated composite films (W–Al) reduced the actual total dose by 100 % with a 30.67 % mass increase, closely matching the simulation result of 75.36 %. The composite coatings (W–Al) reduced the dose by 89.2 % with a 33 % mass increase, matching the simulation result of 70 %. Cascade collision simulations revealed that higher PKA energies lead to longer times to reach the thermal peak, more peak defects, and more stable defect pairs. This is due to the displacement threshold energy of the atoms in aluminum and tungsten. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our composite films and coatings in enhancing electron shielding performance and validate our design methods.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Wei Huang,Yao-feng Mao,Jie Chen,Jian Wang,Wei Cao,Xing-quan Zhang,Jun Wang
Aluminum/Polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) composites have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable energy density and wide range of applications. Unfortunately, the inert oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 ) on the surface of Al and the interfacial contact area between PTFE and Al seriously impact the combustion reaction kinetics and energy output efficiency. Here, an approach is utilized to significantly enhance the interfacial contact area between Al and PTFE through F 2601 serving as the bridging agent. The ignition, combustion reaction, and energetic performance (pressure and combustion heat) can be adjusted by varying the particle size of Al and PTFE content. The energy release efficiency of bridging Al/PTFE has been improved significantly as PTFE content increases and the particle size of Al decreases. The bridging Al/PTFE with 10 μm Al and nano Al exhibit a bright and wide flame, and a fierce flame propagation process, as well as much high pressure output (167.73 kPa and 199.92 kPa) and heat release (11879 J/g and 12322 J/g). Furthermore, the critical mass ratio (approximately 88/12) of bridging Al/PTFE for self-sustained combustion has been obtained for the first time. The improvement of energy output performance is attributed to the interfacial contact between PTFE and Al and the reaction of fluorine and Al 2 O 3 resulted from bridging Al/PTFE through F 2601 . The prepared bridging Al/PTFE with high energy output characteristics holds great potential in solid propellants, reactive materials, and other high-energy fuels.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Lanting Yang,Zhaokang Chen,Lihao Wang,Zhenwei Zhang,Ruihao Wang,Changping Guo
The high sensitivity of high explosive hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) limits its applicability, and the performance optimization brought by the synergistic effect between nanothermite and CL-20 is expected to expand its application prospects. In this study, polydopamine (PDA) was introduced to modify CL-20 (denoted as pCL-20), and a quasi-core/shell pCL-20/polytetrafluoroethylene-aluminum (pCL-20/PTFE-Al) composite was successfully prepared by ultrasonic-assisted composite method. The performance characterization results demonstrate that the composite exhibits significantly better decomposition heat release than the mixed sample, a reduction in combustion time from 408 ms to 268 ms, a more stable combustion flame, and more focused energy release. At the same time, the comparison of composite combustion with different condition variables reflects the combustion advantages of the selected proportional conditions in this study. The characteristic drop height (H 50 ) increased from 24.05 cm to 42.15 cm, the explosive percentage of friction sensitivity reduced from 100 % to 70 %, and the sensitivity of the composite sample decreased significantly when compared to the raw CL-20. It improves the combustion performance while reducing the sensitivity, thereby enhancing the application potential and providing a reference for the high-energy desensitization of energetic materials.
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RSC Advances
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 41
·34768-34780
·
IF 4.6
Qiwen Zhang,Yong Fan,Yimin Zhang,Peng Liu,Hong Liu,Zihanyu Zhang,Xiuqiong Fu
Molten salt electrolysis is a promising method for producing metallic vanadium, overcoming the limitations of conventional processes, such as high purity requirements for raw materials and high impurity content. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing soluble vanadium–aluminum alloy anodes in KCl–LiCl molten salt, where vanadium is dissolved as V2+ and V3+. Optimal conditions were identified as 0.3 A cm−2 current density, 500 °C temperature, and 6 h duration. High purity metallic vanadium was prepared under these conditions, and the electrolysis efficiency reached 89.53%. Electrochemical analysis revealed three reduction processes: Al(III) → Al, V(III) → V(II) and V(II) → V. In molten salts, vanadium ions existed in coordination forms as VCl2, VCl3, VCl42−, and VCl63−, while aluminum ions were present as AlCl4−. The process was confirmed as diffusion-controlled, with calculated V(III) diffusion coefficients. Nucleation mechanism analysis demonstrated dual vanadium deposition pathways: instantaneous and progressive nucleation. Fluoride ions were found to enhance reaction kinetics through chloride substitution in aluminum complexes, increasing free chloride availability for vanadium coordination and improving ion mobility. The developed method offers significant advantages in energy efficiency and product quality compared to traditional metallurgical approaches, providing insights for optimization of molten salt electrolysis systems in refractory metal production.
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