Journal of Environmental Sciences
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2014
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IF 1.922
Kunyang Chen,Lizhong Zhu,Kun Yang
In order to efficiently remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor air, one-dimensional titanate nanotubes (TiNTs) were hydrothermally treated to prepare TiO 2 nanocrystals with different crystalline phases, shapes and sizes. The influences of various acids such as CH 3 COOH, HNO 3 , HCl , HF and H 2 SO 4 used in the treatment were separately compared to optimize the performance of the TiO 2 nanocrystals. Compared with the strong and corrosive inorganic acids , CH 3 COOH was not only safer and more environmentally friendly, but also more efficient in promoting the photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO 2 . It was observed that the anatase TiO 2 synthesized in 15 mol/L CH 3 COOH solution exhibited the highest photodegradation rate of gaseous toluene (94%), exceeding that of P25 (44%) by a factor of more than two. The improved photocatalytic activity was attributed to the small crystallite size and surface modification by CH 3 COOH. The influence of relative humidity (20%–80%) on the performance of TiO 2 nanocrystals was also studied. The anatase TiO 2 synthesized in 15 mol/L CH 3 COOH solution was more tolerant to moisture than the other TiO 2 nanocrystals and P25.
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BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
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2014
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IF 6.451
Chunjing Zhang,Shihui Si,Zhengpeng Yang
Combining the surface modification and molecular imprinting technique, a novel photoelectrochemical sensing platform with excellent photochemical catalysis and molecular recognition capabilities was established for the detection of uric acid based on the magnetic immobilization of Fe 3 O 4 @C nanoparticles onto magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) and modification of molecularly imprinted TiO 2 film on Fe 3 O 4 @C. The developed biosensor was highly sensitive to uric acid in solutions, with a linear range from 0.3 to 34 µM and a limit of detection of 0.02 μM. Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited outstanding selectivity while used in coexisting systems containing various interferents with high concentration. The practical application of the biosensor was also realized for the selective detection of uric acid in spiked samples. The study made a successful attempt in the development of highly selective and sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor for urine monitoring.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
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2014
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IF 2.93
Weijia Han,Chen Zang,Zongyu Huang,Han Zhang,Long Ren,Xiang Qi,Jianxin Zhong
A novel graphene-based three-dimensional (3D) aerogel embedded with two types of functional nanomaterials had been prepared by a facile one-pot hydrothermal process. During the hydrothermal reaction , graphene, TiO 2 nanoparticles and MoS 2 nanosheets were self-assembled into the 3D interconnected networks aerogel, where the uniformly dispersed TiO 2 nanoparticles were densely anchored onto the graphene nanosheets and decorated with the ultrathin MoS 2 nanosheets. The UV–vis DRS and PL spectra measurement shows that the MoS 2 /P25/graphene aerogel exhibits enhanced light absorption and efficient charge separation properties. As a new photocatalyst , the photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photoelectrochemical test and photodegradation methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation , an improvement of photocurrent was observed, as 6 times higher for MoS 2 /P25/graphene aerogel (37.45 mA/cm 2 ) than pure P25 at +0.6 V, and the fastest photodegradation of MoS 2 /P25/graphene aerogel was found within 15 min. The improved photocatalytic activity is attributed to the porous structure , good electrical conductivity and the maximization of accessible sites of the unique 3D graphene aerogel, the increasing active adsorption sites and photocatalytic reaction centers for the introduction of MoS 2 nanosheets, and the positive synergetic effect between the three components in this hybrid. This work demonstrates that the as-prepared MoS 2 /P25/graphene aerogel may have a great potential application in photoelectrochemical hydrogen production and pollution removal.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2013
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IF 2.206
Shi-Ming Wang,Lin Liu,Wei-Lin Chen,Zhong-Min Su,En-Bo Wang,Chao Li
A new H3PW12O40 (PW12)-based interfacial layer for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been fabricated by the LBL method. The features of the interfacial layer were tested by IR and UV–vis spectroscopies and AFM. The cells were systemically tested by the photocurrent–voltage (J–V) curve, dark-current measurement, open-circuit voltage decay (OCVD), and monochromatic incident photon-to-photocurrent conversion efficiency (IPCE) techniques. The PW12-based interfacial layer was found to accelerate electron transfer and retard recombination, eventually leading to an efficient increase in energy conversion efficiency. The investigations indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of a (PW12/TiO2)3-based DSSC is significantly enhanced by 54% at 100 mW cm–2 compared with a DSSC with no treatment and by 20% compared with a TiCl4-treatment DSSC. Polyoxometalate was first introduced into the interfacial layer in modifying the photoanode to accelerate electron transfer and retard recombination to improve DSSC efficiency in this work.
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Nano Energy
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2015
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IF 10.325
Guisheng Li,Zichao Lian,Wenchao Wang,Dieqing Zhang,Hexing Li
Size-controllable g-C 3 N 4 quantum dots (QDs) were in-situ synthesized and grafted onto single-crystalline TiO 2 nanotube arrays (TiO 2 -NTAs) based on nanotube-confinement effect. This photoelectrocatalyst exhibited high activity in synergetic H 2 evolution and organic pollutant degradation. The g-C 3 N 4 QDs, together with TiO 2 -NTAs due to multiple light reflections, promoted light harvesting owing to the narrow energy band gap and upconversion from quantum size effect of g-C 3 N 4 QDs. Meanwhile, the single-crystal TiO 2 in-situ formed during the g-C 3 N 4 synthesis process favored the photoelectron transfer, and the g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 heterojunctions further promoted separation of photoelectrons from holes. Moreover, the strong g-C 3 N 4 –TiO 2 interaction and the confinement effect of TiO 2 nanotubes efficiently inhibited self-gathering and leaching of g-C 3 N 4 QDs, leading to excellent stability in photoelectrocatalysis .
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MATERIALS & DESIGN
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2015
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IF 3.501
Xuan Zhang,Yingqi Chen,Huili Lei,Sheng Zhao,Fei Han,Xia Xiang,Yuancong Zhao,Nan Huang,Guojiang Wan
Titanium dioxide film has received a great deal of attention, because of its excellent potentials and implications, in a variety of fields. Practically, the film is required to be well mechanically blended with the substrate (e.g. good compliance or flexibility) together with its surface properties to accomplish multiple functions. In this work, phytic acid (PA) layer template-assisted deposition of thin TiO 2 film was implemented on titanium substrate to produce a good combination of surface properties and bending strength . Relatively smooth, homogenous and thin (ca. 800 nm) anatase TiO 2 films were obtained on the PA pre-templated Ti substrate. Significantly enhanced photoluminescence was observed on the PA template-deposited TiO 2 as compared to the direct deposited TiO 2 . This is correlated with its higher carrier density in the space charge layer as disclosed by the Mott–Schottky investigation. Likewise, the prepared TiO 2 films are super-hydrophilic (with water contact angle less than 5°), which is credited to the higher polar contribution of surface energy. Moreover, the PA template-deposited TiO 2 film withstood plastic deformation up to 180° angle bending without failure. This template-assisted deposition of TiO 2 film via surface-immobilized organic layer on rigid substrate suggests a promising route to enhance both its mechanical and physical performances.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2015
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IF 6.723
Xiaosong Guo,Yulu Chen,Ming Su,Dong Li,Guicun Li,Chengdong Li,Yu Tian,Chuncheng Hao,Qingquan Lei
Titanium dioxide and Nb-doped titanium dioxide microspheres with the same size were fabricated by a simple sol–gel method, and the formation mechanism of Nb-doped titanium dioxide microspheres was proposed. Titanium dioxide and Nb-doped titanium dioxide microspheres were adopted as dispersed materials for electrorheological (ER) fluids to investigate the influence of the charge increase introduced by Nb doping on the ER activity. The results showed that Nb doping could effectively enhance the ER performance. Combining with the analysis of dielectric spectroscopy, it was found that the interface polarization of Nb-doped TiO2 ER fluid was larger than that of TiO2 ER fluid, which might be caused by more surface charges in Nb-TiO2 microspheres due to Nb5+ doping and resulting in enhancement of electric field force and strengthening of fibrous structure. In addition, by comparing and analyzing the permittivity curves of Nb-TiO2/LDPE solid composite and Nb-TiO2/silicone-oil fluid composite, it could be concluded that the enhancement of permittivity at low frequency resulted from the increase of the order degree of dispersed particles in ER fluid rather than from the quasi-dc (QDC) behavior. Moreover, the absolute value of slope of permittivity curves (K) at 0.01 Hz could be utilized as the standard for judging the ability to maintain the chainlike structure. The relationships between polarizability of dispersed particles, dielectric spectrum, parameter K, and ER properties were discussed in detail.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
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2014
·Vol. 22
·期 4
·2891-2899
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IF 2.757
Luo Zhuanxi,Qiu Zhaozheng,Chen Zheng,Du Laing Gijs,Liu Aifen,Yan Changzhou
Increased application of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO 2 and nano-ZnO) raises concerns related to their environmental impacts. The effects that such nanoparticles have on environmental processes and the bacteria that carry them out are largely unknown. In this study, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) enrichment cultures, grown from surface sediments taken from an estuary wetland in Fujian Province, China, were spiked with nano-TiO 2 and nano-ZnO (with an average size of 32 and 43 nm, respectively) at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations (≤2 mg L −1 ) to determine their impacts on ammonia oxidation and the mechanisms involved. Results showed that higher nano-TiO 2 concentrations significantly inhibited ammonia oxidation in enrichment cultures. It is noteworthy that the average ammonia oxidation rate was significantly correlated to the Shannon index, the Simpson’s index, and AOB abundance. This suggested that ammonia oxidation inhibition primarily resulted from a reduction of AOB biodiversity and abundance. However, AOB biodiversity and abundance as well as the average ammonia oxidation rate were not inhibited by nano-ZnO at predicted environmentally relevant concentrations. Accordingly, an insignificant correlation was established between biodiversity and abundance of the AOB amoA gene and the average ammonia oxidation rate under nano-ZnO treatments. AOB present in samples belonged to the β- Proteobacteria class with an affinity close to Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas genera. This suggested that identified impacts of nano-TiO 2 and nano-ZnO on ammonia oxidation processes can be extrapolated to some extent to natural aquatic environments. Complex impacts on AOB may result from different nanomaterials present in aquatic environments at various ambient conditions. Further investigation on how and to what extent different nanomaterials influence AOB diversity and abundance and their subsequent ammonia oxidation processes is therefore required.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2014
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IF 4.058
Xiaming Feng,Weiyi Xing,Lei Song,Yuan Hu,Kim Meow Liew
Titanium dioxide/graphene hybrids were synthesized by a facile in situ solvothermal route and introduced to enhance the properties of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicated that TiO 2 nanoparticles were homogeneously anchored on the graphene oxide nanosheets and the reduction of graphene oxide occurred simultaneously during the one-pot solvothermal process. With the incorporation of 2.0 wt% graphene/TiO 2 hybrids, a 3.5 °C increment in the glass transition temperature and a 50% increase in the storage modulus were observed compared to neat PVC. The improvement of the temperature of maximum mass loss rate and reduction of maximum mass loss rate were also observed from thermogravimetric analysis, indicating the enhanced thermal stability of PVC composites. Moreover, the reduced peak heat release rate and HCl release rate obtained from microscale combustion calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis-infrared spectrometry indicated the superior fire safety of PVC composites. The changes of the fire behavior were primarily attributed to the synergistic effects of graphene/TiO 2 hybrids: the adsorption and barrier effect of fillers slow down the thermal degradation of polymer, and restrain the heat transfer and the flammable or toxic gaseous products release.
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RSC Advances
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2014
·Vol. 4
·期 75
·40019-40028
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IF 3.708
Wei Zhong,Ying Yu,Chun Du,Wei Li,Yinzhen Wang,Guannan He,Yuandong Xie,Qinyu He
Buoyant photocatalysts which are able to remove organic pollutants under all lighting and weather conditions are in demand for the treatment of large volumes of organic wastewater. Buoyant carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO2/polytetrafluoroethylene (NCT/PTFE) flakes which meet these requirements were prepared by the high-energy ball-milling of NCT powder and PTFE. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared composite flakes were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area determination, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as well as electrical conductivity and density measurements. The density of the composite flakes was 0.93 g cm−3, slightly lower than that of water, rendering them buoyant. And the used-and- regenerated (by UV-vis irradiation for 8 h) flakes are also buoyant. Adsorption in the dark and photodegradation experiments indicated that the as-prepared flakes have high dark adsorption and high photocatalytic properties. The 6 h photodegradation ratio of methylene orange (20 mg L−1, 100 mL, as a model dye) is 96.6%, and a close degradation ratio of 97% can be obtained by three-cycle dark adsorption with minor stirring (1 cycle includes 8 h dark adsorption followed by 8 h regeneration by UV-vis irradiation per cycle). The high adsorption and good photocatalytic properties can be mainly attributed to the large BET surface area resulting from the small NCT particle size. The as-prepared flakes have the potential for use in organic pollutant adsorption at any time and can be regenerated through light irradiation when sunlight is available. This kind of environmental protection material has great practical significance due to its low cost, simple preparation, thermal durability, highly efficient organic pollutant removal, large-volume treatment capacity, recyclability, and the possibility of working at any time.
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COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2014
·Vol. 292
·期 12
·3085-3093
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IF 2.41
Huang Haibin,Chen Qinhui,He Junhui,Zheng Longhui,Chen Baoling,Lin Jinhuo
Janus materials with anisotropic chemical structures and physical properties have attracted increasing attention due to their diversified potential applications. In this paper, titanium dioxide/3-(trimethoxysilyl) propylmethacrylate (TiO 2 /MPS) was obtained by swelling assisted with extrusion of PS@TiO 2 . Then, the phenolic resin (PF) was coated on the surface of MPS lobe. Finally, TiO 2 /C Janus composite particles were obtained by sintering at the atmosphere of nitrogen. The middle objects during reactive process and the final product were systematically characterized. Results showed that the Janus porous particles of TiO 2 /C were snowman-like structure, in which the average diameter of the carbon lobe was 178 nm and that of TiO 2 lobe was 226 nm. When used as photocatalysts for Rhodamine B degradation in aqueous solution under UV irradiation, the resulted Janus product exhibited more efficient photocatalytic activity than TiO 2 hollow microspheres.
Schematic illustration of swelling polymerization approach to synthesize TiO 2 /C Janus composite particles and its photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B
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RSC Advances
·
2014
·Vol. 4
·期 25
·12944-12949
·
IF 3.708
Yamin Feng,Jianhui Zhu,Jian Jiang,Wenwu Wang,Gaoxiang Meng,Fei Wu,Yongli Gao,Xintang Huang
We herein present a useful and novel strategy to redesign photoanodes by building smart TiO2 nanorod networks in and on a film of P25 nanoparticles (NPs) to optimize the comprehensive performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). By using a doctor-blade method followed by a facile hydrothermal treatment, an interesting hierarchical double-layered film consisting of P25 NPs and TiO2 nanorods (NRs) was fabricated on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. In our strategy, P25 NPs (underlayer) with a large surface area can potentially enable a large amount of dye absorption while TiO2 NRs (overlayer) as the scattering part would effectively strengthen the light harvesting ability. Moreover, TiO2 NRs inserted into the P25 NP film also provide conducting networks for fast photogenerated electron transport. As demonstrated in photoanodes for DSSCs, this hierarchical double-layered photoanode indeed exhibits superior DSSC performance to that of a pure P25 NP film; the photovoltaic conversion efficiency increases up to 8.62% under illumination of one sun (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm−2), which is significantly better than 6.12% for the pure P25 NP photoanode. This work highlights the significance of the rational design of photoanode electrodes for enhanced energy conversion applications.
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