Nanoscale
·
2016
·Vol. 8
·期 40
·17516-17523
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IF 7.76
Xinzheng Yue,Shasha Yi,Runwei Wang,Zongtao Zhang,Shilun Qiu
Semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution from water is of great importance for solar-to-chemical conversion processes to boost and promote the future hydrogen economy. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that p-Cu3P coupled with n-TiO2 forms a novel hybrid structure which accelerates electron–hole pair separation and transfer for improved photocatalytic H2-evolution activity. The rate of H2 evolution of the optimized Cu3P/TiO2 (7940 μmol h−1 g−1) is 11 times higher than that of bare TiO2, with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 4.6%. This work may provide more insight into the synthesis of novel phosphide-based hybrid materials with high photocatalytic H2-evolution activity and sufficient stability for solar-to-chemical conversion and utilization.
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Scientific Reports
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 1
·1-9
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IF 4.259
Xu Nuoxin,Zhang Qilong,Yang Hui,Xia Yuting,Jiang Yongchang
Novel three-dimensional hierarchical flower-like TiO 2 /carbon (TiO 2 /C) nanostructures were in-situ synthesized via a solvothermal method involving calcination of organic precursor under inert atmosphere. The composite films comprised of P (VDF-HFP) and as-prepared hierarchical flower-like TiO 2 /C were fabricated by a solution casting and hot-pressing approach. The results reveal that loading the fillers with a small amount of carbon is an effective way to improve the dielectric constant and suppress the dielectric loss. In addition, TiO 2 /C particles with higher carbon contents exhibit superiority in promoting the dielectric constants of composites when compared with their noncarbon counterparts. For instance, the highest dielectric constant (330.6) of the TiO 2 /C composites is 10 times over that of noncarbon-TiO 2 -filled ones at the same filler volume fraction, and 32 times over that of pristine P (VDF-HFP). The enhancement in the dielectric constant can be attributed to the formation of a large network, which is composed of local micro-capacitors with carbon particles as electrodes and TiO 2 as the dielectric in between.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2017
·Vol. 43
·期 8
·4719-4730
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IF 1.369
Bao Lina,Wang Hong,Zhou Changqing,Cui Lu,Xin Baifu
The synthesis of high activity TiO 2 –CTAB–SiC composite possessing the microwave absorption capacity has been reported. Herein, the commercial Silicon carbide (SiC) particles were used as the microwave absorbent and supporter. TiO 2 nanopowders were loaded on the surface of SiC modified by hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) via the hydrothermal route. The as-prepared TiO 2 –CTAB–SiC composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and fluorescence emission (PL). Its photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B in the microwave discharge electrodeless lamp (MDEL) system. The experimental results showed that TiO 2 –CTAB–SiC composite exhibited obviously higher photocatalytic activity in the MDEL system compared with pure TiO 2 nanopowders. Their reusability and separation performance were evaluated by recycling experiments. The reasons for the improvement in photocatalytic performance were discussed in detail.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2017
·
IF 6.065
Qilin Yu,Honggang Wang,Qi Peng,Ye Li,Zhe Liu,Mingchun Li
TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) are well-known nanomaterials (NMs), widely used in cosmetics, solar cells, photo-catalysts and additives. Anatase and rutile are the two main crystalline phases of TiO 2 NPs and have distinct electrical and optical properties. However, their relative toxicity to organisms is a current topic of debate. In this study, we synthesize both anatase NPs (TiO 2 -A) and rutile NPs (TiO 2 -R) with similar particle sizes (20–40 nm), surface areas (51–52 m 2 /g) and Zeta potentials (−13.4 to −13.7 mV), and investigate their toxicity to macrophages. Contrary to previous findings, TiO 2 -A show a lower percentage cell deaths compared to TiO 2 -R (10% vs 20% at 50 mg/L), indicating a lower toxicity compared to TiO 2 -R. The macrophages treated with TiO 2 -A and TiO 2 -R have similar levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the autophagy marker LC3, implying that our observed difference in toxicity is not attributed to oxidative damage and autophagy. Interestingly, TiO 2 -A cause less severe necrosis and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), but more severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Adsorption assays further reveal that TiO 2 -A and TiO 2 -R have a higher affinity to proteins and phospholipids, respectively. This study demonstrates an important role of crystal phase-related surface affinity to different biomolecules in nanotoxicity.
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RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 78
·74376-74383
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IF 3.289
Maoqin Qiu,Yuan Tian,Zhangxian Chen,Zeheng Yang,Wenming Li,Kai Wang,Lei Wang,Kun Wang,Weixin Zhang
Self-doping by Ti3+ and introducing oxygen vacancies in TiO2 is an important and effective strategy to extend its optical absorption from the UV into the visible region. In this paper, we report the synthesis of a series of Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 nanocrystals via a hydrothermal method using TiCl3 and (NH4)2TiF6 as the source of Ti3+ and Ti4+, respectively. The oxidation of Ti3+ can be inhibited by (NH4)2TiF6 based on Le Chatelier's principle. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microcopy, respectively. The results indicate that Ti3+ is localized in the bulk of the as-prepared TiO2 nanocrystals, rather than on the surface. In comparison with pristine TiO2, the Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 nanocrystals exhibit an enhanced photocatalytic activity of 86.3% towards the photodegradation of methylene blue solution under simulated solar light irradiation and 99% under natural solar irradiation. It is found that the molar ratio of Ti4+/Ti3+ used during the synthesis has significant effects on the photocatalytic activity of Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 photocatalysts, since the electronic structures of the resulting Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 nanocrystals can be finely tuned by changing the ratios. The significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity should be due to the self-doping of Ti3+ in TiO2 nanocrystals, which not only increases the optical absorption in the visible light region, but also helps to spatially separate the photogenerated charge carriers.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2016
·
IF 8.328
Dan Du,Wen Shi,Lingzhi Wang,Jinlong Zhang
Herein, we demonstrate the yolk-shell structured Fe 3 O 4 @void@TiO 2 sphere as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the photo-Fenton-like degradation of tetracycline (TC). The composite was synthesized by first successively coating amorphous SiO 2 and TiO 2 shells around a Fe 3 O 4 core via the sol-gel strategy to form Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @TiO 2 , then crystallizing TiO 2 and removing SiO 2 through calcination and the ultrasonic ammonia-etching treatment, respectively. The particles are monodisperse and uniform in size (ca. 180 nm), where the diameter of the core is ca. 100 nm and the thickness of the shell is ca. 10 nm. This composite possesses anatase TiO 2 shell with high crystallinity, superparamagnetic core with a saturation magnetization value of 28.71 emu/g and high specific surface area of 101 m 2 g −1 . It shows extremely high activity towards the degradation of TC (40 mg/L) in a wide pH range as demonstrated by almost 100% elimination efficiency at pH = 3 and ca. 75% at pH = 9 within 6 min. Moreover, benefitting from the superparamagnetism of the core, this composite could be magnetically recovered and reapplied in the TC degradation without significant loss of activity after 5 recycling (ca. 10%). The degradation curve can be well fitted by pseudo-first order model, where a kinetic constant of 0.51 min −1 is achieved, much higher than those of Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 (0.24 min −1 ), hollow TiO 2 (0.17 min −1 ), Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @TiO 2 (0.14 min −1 ) and Fe 3 O 4 (0.11 min −1 ). The high activity is attributed to the efficient enrichment and confinement of reactants (TC and hydroxyl radicals) in the nanocavity of the yolk-shell structure, and the efficient reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ by the photo-generated electrons from the TiO 2 shell.
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ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
·
2016
·
IF 4.556
Guanshu Li,Hongbo Zhang,Chunsheng Wei,Yingying Huang,Xuekai Dou,Yidi Wang,Jun Wang,Youtao Song
(5.0%)Er 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 /Pt-(TiO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ) powder, as a high effective sonocatalyst, was prepared using sol-gel and calcination method. Then it was characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). In order to evaluate the sonocatalytic activity of the prepared (5.0%)Er 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 /Pt-(TiO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ) powder, the sonocatalytic decomposition of ametryn was studied. In addition, some influencing factors such as different Ti/Ta molar ratios on the sonocatalytic activity of the prepared (5.0%)Er 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 /Pt-(TiO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ) powder, catalyst added amount with ultrasonic irradiation time and used times on the sonocatalytic decomposition efficiency were examined by using ion chromatogram determination. The experimental results showed that the best sonocatalytic decomposition ratio of ametryn were 77.50% based on the N atom calculation and 95.00% based on the S atom calculation, respectively, when the conditions of 10.00 mg/L initial concentration, 1.00 g/L prepared (5.0%)Er 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 /Pt-(TiO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ) powder (Ti/Ta = 1.00:0.25 heat-treated at 550 °C for 3.0 h) added amount, 150 min ultrasonic irradiation (40 kHz frequency and 300 W output power), 100 mL total volume and 25–28 °C temperature were adopted. Therefore, the (5.0%)Er 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 /Pt-(TiO 2 -Ta 2 O 5 ) composite nanoparticles could be considered as an effective sonocatalyst for decomposition of ametryn in aqueous solution.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2017
·
IF 3.133
Jingyi Bai,Xiaolu Sun,Gui Han,Guowang Diao
A new double-shell hollow structured material with high light harvesting and dye loading level for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were synthesized via a one-pot hydrothermal method . When coated with TiO 2 shell, a hybrid double-shell CeO 2 @TiO 2 hollow sphere (D-CeO 2 @TiO 2 ) was performed as scattering layer in dye-sensitized solar cells, which further increase conversion efficiency from 5.27% of bare TiO 2 electrode to 7.95%. The enhancement is due to the high dye loading capacity of double shell CeO 2 hollow spheres core and high electron transport capacity of TiO 2 shell. Our work provides a feasible strategy for preparing multi-shell hollow spheres as scattering layers for high performance solar cells.
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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
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2017
·
IF 2.059
Shaishai Shen,Jinan Niu,Shitai Shen,Lu Zhou,Hui Chen,Shenghui Zhang,Yihan Ling,Zhangsheng Liu,Peizhong Feng,Xuemei Ou,Yinghuai Qiang
A new approach was developed to adjust N doping amount in anatase single crystals with well-faceted shape and micron size, using a novel liquid dopant from the chemical recycling of the wasted supernatant solution in our previous experiments. The dependence of microstructure and property evolution on N doping amount was investigated systematically. The results show that all prepared N-doped samples are pure anatase with the morphology of truncated octahedral bipyramid including both {001} and {110} reactive facets. With the increase of N doping, the single crystals become angular and the thickness decreases, the aggregation of crystals increases, the photo-absorption capacity in visible region is enhanced and the absorption band edge is gradually red-shifted. The photocatalytic efficiency of the samples for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) or phenol under visible light irradiation gradually increases, but when the volume of dopant increases to 2 ml, the photoactivity of TiO 2 decreases. The optimal volume of N dopant is 1 ml and A(6:1) shows the highest photodegradation rate. The effective N doping of wasted supernatant is mainly due to the previously formation of Ti-N linkage, and hence a N doping mechanism is proposed. This work provides a new opportunity for in-situ modification of anatase single crystals with well-faceted shape and micron size, and hence, a basis for development of some advanced materials , for example porous single crystals.
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APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2016
·
IF 3.15
Ya Liu,Yidan Shi,Xiang Liu,Hexing Li
In this paper, novel photocatalyst Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /RGO composites were successfully fabricated by a facile solvothermal method. During this process, TiO 2 was coupled with Bi 2 S 3 to generate Bi 2 S 3 sensitized TiO 2 nanoparticles, and graphene oxide (GO) was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (RGO), which was uniformly covered with plenty of Bi 2 S 3 and TiO 2 . The as-prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), specific surface areas (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results confirmed that Bi 2 S 3 could act as an optical filter, which could be activated under visible light. And the introduction of Bi 2 S 3 could improve the response of TiO 2 nanoparticles for visible light. In addition, the Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 in Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /RGO composites had more uniform dispersion on the surface of graphene with less agglomeration in comparison with the Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 . Graphene can provide conductive electron channels for separation of the electrons and inhibit the recombination of electrons and holes. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /RGO composites was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The Bi 2 S 3 /TiO 2 /RGO composites showed the highest photocatalytic activity among the referred photocatalysts, with about 3-fold increase in photocatalytic efficiency over TiO 2 nanoparticles. The mechanism of high photocatalytic activity was also discussed.
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2016
·
IF 4.712
Xiao-Na Wei,Hui-Long Wang
Highly selective enrichment of trace phosphorylated proteins or peptides from complex biological samples is of profound significance for the discovery of disease biomarkers in biological systems. In this study, a novel affinity material has been synthesized to improve the enrichment specificity for phosphopeptides by using PAAS as coupling molecule. In the resulting materials, highly abundant titanium is available for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides, with plenty of carboxylate groups that can inhibit nonspecific adsorption. The enrichment results demonstrated that the hydrophilic PAA-Ti/TiO 2 composite possesses excellent selectivity for phosphopeptides even at a very low molar ratio of phosphopeptides/non-phosphopeptides (1:1000), extreme sensitivity (the detection limit was at the fmol level), and high recovery of phosphopeptides (as high as 78%). Moreover, the as-prepared nanocomposite provides effective enrichment of phosphopeptides from real samples (mouse liver), showing great potential in the detection of low-abundance phosphopeptides in biological samples.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL
·
2016
·
IF 3.958
Zhiwei Li,Guodong Jiang,Zihao Zhang,Ye Wu,Yinhui Han
Photocatalysts Phosphorus-Doped g-C 3 N 4 (P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 ) were successfully prepared by a two-step method using melamine and phosphonitrilic chloride trimer (Cl 6 N 3 P 3 ). Then, the Phosphorus-doped g-C 3 N 4 sheets coated with TiO 2 nanoparticles (P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 ) were prepared by solvent-thermal method. The as-prepared P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composites showed enhanced light absorption and photocatalytic properties in visible light region. The morphology of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets and square flake TiO 2 nanoparticles were analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) proved that the P-C bonds were generated in P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 . Photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed that the phosphorus doping improved the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes in P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 , UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) indicated that the P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 heterostructure enhanced the absorption of visible light. The photocatalytic activity of the P(x%)-g-C 3 N 4 was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. The result indicated that the P(0.1%)-g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composite present considerably high photocatalytic degradation activities on MB, and the degradation of MB by P(0.1%)-g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 were 5.1 times and 2.9 times as high as that of g-C 3 N 4 and P25, respectively. At the end of article, a possible photocatalytic mechanism was discussed based on the experimental results.
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