APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES
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2025
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IF 1.8
Tao Gao,Xiang Gong,Jiali Liu,Sheng Hu,Wei Yu,Yuhong Liu,Jiwei Liang
A method for regulating the rutile and anatase ratio of TiO 2 products by adding tartaric acid is reported. By this method, TiO 2 with a specific anatase/rutile ratio exhibited excellent selective adsorption performance of 68 Ge and 68 Ga. Experiment shows that Tartaric acid assist synthesized TiO 2 enabled strong 68 Ge adsorption but negligible adsorption of 68 Ga. Meanwhile, the TiO 2 adsorption exhibited significant acid resistance, with minimal Ti 4+ leaching. In addition, the 68 Ga elution efficiency and 68 Ge breakthrough of radioactivity experiments demonstrated that synthesized TiO 2 achieved an initial 68 Ga elution efficiency of 75%, which remained about 65% after 200 elution cycles. Furthermore, over the four-month observation period, the 68 Ge breakthrough of the TiO 2 adsorbent did not exhibit a significant increase, remaining below 1×10 -5 . Generally, the synthesized TiO 2 adsorbent exhibits potential as a 68 Ge/ 68 Ga generator column adsorbent with outstanding acid-resistant, radiation-resistant, efficient 68 Ga elution and low 68 Ge breakthrough for long-term.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Xianxian Sheng,Meesam Ali,Longbin Zhang,Mudassir Habib,Qian Sui,Shuguang Lyu
The efficient and eco-friendly remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and groundwater through advanced oxidation remains a critical challenge. In this study, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) and sulfurized nano zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) were utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS), demonstrating significant potential for fluoranthene (FLT) degradation. PMS/S-nZVI system outperformed PMS/nZVI system, achieving higher efficiency with lower reagent dosages. Dissolved Fe(II) analysis indicated enhanced Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling in PMS/S-nZVI system, driven by the synergistic role of elemental sulfur. Both systems generated reactive species (SO 4 − •, O 2 − •, and HO•), with SO 4 − • identified as the dominant contributor to FLT degradation. Water quality variations significantly impacted FLT removal, with PMS/S-nZVI system exhibiting greater adaptability to diverse conditions compared to PMS/nZVI system. FLT degradation was more effective under acidic conditions. The high concentrations of HCO 3 − , Br − , and HA, and the presence of surfactants such as Tween-80 significantly hindered degradation. In contrast, low concentrations of Cl − and HA enhanced the process. Simulated real groundwater experiments revealed that pre-conditioning the solution pH to 5.0 achieved FLT removal efficiencies of 89.9 % and 91.8 % for PMS/nZVI and PMS/S-nZVI systems, respectively, with oxidant dosages increased by fivefold. In water-soil coupled slurry experiments, a water-soil ratio of 15:1, a reaction time of 6 h, and neutral post-reaction pH resulted in FLT degradation exceeding 90 %. This study highlights the potential of PMS-based advanced oxidation processes, particularly PMS/S-nZVI system, as an effective and adaptable approach for the remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil and groundwater.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Shichao Cai,Jiawei Zhao,Yurou Tan,Zhongkuan Wu,Bo Chen,Feng He
In this study, we synthesized microscale sulfidated zerovalent iron (S-mZVI) with controllable mackinawite (FeS) content up to nearly 100 wt % and investigated the roles of FeS and Fe0 for arsenite (As(III)) sequestration under aerobic conditions. Batch experiments show that FeS and Fe0 contents determine the kinetics and longevity of As removal by S-mZVI, respectively. The Fe0/FeS galvanic cell accelerates the consumption of Fe0 by dissolved oxygen (DO) while preserving FeS to preferentially remove As as sulfide, which is protected from oxidation by Fe0. In column studies, mZVI and S0 were mixed in sand to form S-mZVI in situ. Results of sequential extraction of reacted S-mZVI particles from different column zones and run stages further indicate that As formed as sulfide by S-mZVI, which was then oxidized by DO after Fe0 depletion to form As-iron (hydr)oxides. X-ray absorption near-edge structure characterization confirmed that As sulfide is mainly in the form of realgar (As4S4). S-mZVI (2 wt % of column sand) reduces total As from 2 mg/L to 10 μg/L, up to 300 bed volumes, with a residence time of 70 min. In situ synthesis and cost advantages make S-mZVI a promising method to address As contamination issues worldwide.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 10.8
Lihang Ma,Yi-bo Hu,Shuhan Li,Ting Du,Xinran Xiong,Yuanhuan Wu,Xiao-yan Li,Ming-Lai Fu,Baoling Yuan
Nanoscale zerovalent iron synthesized using borohydride (B-NZVI) has been widely applied in environmental remediation in recent decades. However, the contribution of boron in enhancing the inherent reactivity of B-NZVI and its effectiveness in removing hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] have not been well recognized and quantified. To the best of our knowledge, herein, a core–shell structure of B-NZVI featuring an Fe–B alloy shell beneath the iron oxide shell is demonstrated for the first time. Alloyed boron can reduce H+, contributing to more than 35.6% of H2 generation during acid digestion of B-NZVIs. In addition, alloyed B provides electrons for Fe3+ reduction during Cr(VI) removal, preventing in situ passivation of the reactive particle surface. Meanwhile, the amorphous oxide shell of B-NZVI exhibits an increased defect density, promoting the release of Fe2+ outside the shell to reduce Cr(VI), forming layer-structured precipitates and intense Fe–O bonds. Consequently, the surface-area-normalized capacity and surface reaction rate of B-NZVI are 6.5 and 6.9 times higher than those of crystalline NZVI, respectively. This study reveals the importance of alloyed B in Cr(VI) removal using B-NZVI and presents a comprehensive approach for investigating electron pathways and mechanisms involved in B-NZVIs for contaminant removal.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Lin Wang,Nuo Peng,Yuqian Lin,Yizhe Ding,Qiya Sun,Qian Ping,Yongmei Li
In this study, a novel riboflavin-mediated nanoscale zero-valent iron/peracetic acid system (RF/nZVI/PAA) was constructed to increase the removal of norfloxacin. Under the optimal conditions (PAA=10 mg/L, nZVI=20 mg/L, RF= 1 mg/L, and initial pH =4), complete norfloxacin removal was achieved within 30 min, accompanied by a 70 % mineralization rate. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with quenching experiments quantitatively identified hydroxyl radical, carbon-centered radical, and singlet oxygen as the predominant reactive oxidative species (ROS) responsible for norfloxacin removal, with contributions of 42 %, 44 %, and 10 %, respectively. In contrast, direct oxidation with PAA and adsorption onto nZVI demonstrated negligible contributions to norfloxacin removal in the system (only 4 %). Electrochemical characterization revealed that RF functioned as a pivotal catalytic mediator for ROS generation in the system, owing to its exceptional electron transfer capability. Seventeen transformation products (TPs) were identified during the degradation of norfloxacin via radical-mediated piperazine cleavage, nucleophilic piperazine oxidation, defluorination, and quinoline group oxidation. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the piperazine ring and fluorinated benzene moiety in nofloxacin serve as primary electron-donating sites vulnerable to radical/nucleophilic attacks, whereas the quinolone groups exhibit electrophilic susceptibility. Toxicity assessment revealed that the majority of TPs exhibited reduced toxicity compared to the parent norfloxacin after treatment. Furthermore, nZVI showed high reusability, sustaining a norfloxacin removal efficiency of 86 % over seven cycles. Therefore, this study not only elucidates the fundamental mechanisms underlying riboflavin-mediated advanced oxidation processes but also offers a promising technology for the efficient removal of emerging organic contaminants in (waste)water.
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Nature Water
·
2025
·
IF 24.1
Wang Huaqing,Cheng Cheng,Zhao Bo,Liu Banghai,Cao Zhenyu,Cai Shichao,Yu Minda,Zhao Ying,Gu Baohua,Wang Zhenyu,Xi Beidou,He Feng
The valorization of chlorinated organic pollutants in water, such as 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), into value-added products, such as ethylene, offers a sustainable remediation strategy but is limited by low efficiency and selectivity. Here we present a bioinspired system, consisting of cobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) cofactor and microscale zero-valent iron (mZVI), that dechlorinates 1,2-DCA to ethylene with a rate constant of 0.066 h −1 and near-100% selectivity. mZVI creates a moderately reducing environment that reduces cob(III)alamin (the original B 12 species) to cob(II)alamin, which forms an organocobalt–1,2-DCA complex and drives proton-independent dihaloelimination, avoiding unwanted hydrogenation and ethylene over-reduction. The strategy is effective for various chlorinated alkanes, alkenes and aromatics, high concentrations of 1,2-DCA in wastewater and mixed pollutants in groundwater. Mechanochemically anchoring B 12 onto mZVI enables assembly in a column reactor for continuous 1,2-DCA removal, achieving a more than tenfold reduction in costs compared with conventional redox processes. This work demonstrates a cost-effective approach to pollutant remediation and resource recovery through the rational modulation of B 12 redox chemistry.
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ACS Nano
·
2025
·
IF 16
Jicheng Wang,Shilei Ding,Bei Ding,Zhipeng Hou,Licong Peng,Yilan Jiang,Fengshan Zheng,Zhaochu Luo,Yu Ye,Jinbo Yang,Yanglong Hou,Rui Wu
Exchange bias (EB) effects play a crucial role in modern magnetic memory technology. Recently, the van der Waals heterostructures have shown potential for investigating mechanisms of the EB effect owing to their tunable physical properties and flexibility in fabrication. However, due to low magnetic ordering temperatures for most van der Waals magnets, establishing EB in van der Waals antiferromagnet/ferromagnet heterostructures at room temperature is challenging. In this study, we fabricate (Fe0.56Co0.44)5GeTe2 (FCGT)/Fe3GaTe2 (FGaT) heterostructures with magnetic ordering temperatures of each component well above room temperature to achieve a room-temperature EB effect. It is found that the sign and magnitude of the EB field can be efficiently controlled by manipulating the Néel order of FCGT. The manipulation of the Néel order shows significant magnetic field dependence. A strong preset field induces a switch in the Néel order of FCGT, which aligns the interfacial magnetization at the FCGT/FGaT interface, leading to robust EB, as revealed by both transport measurements and macrospin model calculations. Our findings demonstrate the intrinsic manipulation and switchability of room-temperature EB in all-van der Waals heterostructures and further emphasize the potential of two-dimensional spintronic devices.
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Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Yin Lin,Xuan Li,Yao Yang,Xueliang Zhang,Yajuan Li
Dendrite growth, corrosion and side reactions have always been stumbling blocks for the commercialization of aqueous zinc-metal batteries. In order to carry forward the advantages of low-budget of aqueous zinc-metal batteries (AZMBs), it is necessary to improve the utilization rate of Zn anode, that is, to modify the thinnest possible Zn anode to enhance its cycling performance. To address this goal, the ultrathin (20 μm) zinc foil was modified by acid etching with sulfamic acid. The Zn anode prepared by this method has the improved wettability between the electrode and the electrolyte, which facilitates the transport of zinc ions across the interface. In addition, this method can significantly improve the ratio of I (002) /I (100) on the surface of Zn anode, which can induce zinc ions to deposit along the horizontal direction and greatly reduce the anomalous formation of zinc dendrites. It is demonstrated that SAZ@Zn//SAZ@Zn symmetric cell stably cycles for 2428 h at a current density of 1 mA cm -2 , and the SAZ@Zn//K 0.54 V 2 O 5 full cell maintains a high discharge specific capacity of 205.1 mAh g -1 after 2340 cycles at a large current density of 5 A g -1 . More importantly, the SAZ@Zn//K 0.54 V 2 O 5 pouch cell maintains 96.5 % capacity retention rate (relative to the initial capacity) at a current of 5 A g -1 for 1500 cycles. The outstanding performance of the strategy indicates that the ultra-thin Zn anode has an important application in the energy storage of AZMBs.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 7.1
Yuxin Chen,Xin Kong,Xumiao Mao,Xiaojun Fan,Jin Yuan
Anaerobic digestion (AD) operated at transitional temperature is a promising technology for treating de-oiled food waste (FW). However, under such conditions, the metabolic activity of methanogens will be significantly negatively affected compared to conventional mesophilic or thermophilic conditions, which limits its practical application. In this study, the AD of cellulose at 45 °C were investigated, and the synergistic effects of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) on enhancing methanogenesis were explored. The results indicated that the combination of ZVI and Fe 3 O 4 played a crucial role in promoting cellulose methanogenesis during AD at 45 °C. Specifically, the methane yield reached 300.1 mL/g VS, representing a 58 % increase compared to the control group. Further analysis revealed that ZVI + Fe 3 O 4 enhanced the levels of coenzyme F420 and acetate kinase. Firmicutes and Methanosarcina were the dominant microbial groups involved in normal methanogenesis at 45 °C, and a positive correlation between these two groups was observed. Metagenomic sequencing further demonstrated that the combination of ZVI and Fe 3 O 4 synergistically increased the abundance of genes associated with both acetate cleavage and CO 2 reduction methanogenic pathways. The dominant pathways achieved a dynamic equilibrium, functioning according to the available substrates at different stages within the reactor. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results indicated that coupling ZVI and Fe 3 O 4 could effectively reduce carbon emissions and fossil resource depletion. The study provided theoretical evidence for the application of AD in treating cellulose-based substrates at transitional temperatures.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Yiming Zhang,Changhui Shao,Jinglin Yu,Yuedong Yang,Shujun Wang
Starch-unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) complexes have been shown to present additional functionalities compared to starch-saturated FA complexes. However, little information is available regarding the effects of complexing time on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their functionalities. The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of complexing time (0.5 h, 3 h and 6 h) on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their potentially antioxidant protection towards the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. Our results showed that 3 h of complexing time was more favorable for the formation of starch-UFA complexes than 0.5 h and 6 h. Moreover, the complexes formed with a complexing time of 3 h presented higher degree of long- and short-range order. All the complexes, especially those prepared with 3 h of complexing time, showed the promising antioxidant protective effects on the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. The antioxidant protection and slow digestion of complexes followed by slow release of UFAs were largely related to their crystalline structure. Our study showed clearly that the complexing time had great effect on the formation of starch-UFA complexes with desirable functional properties.
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LANGMUIR
·
2012
·
IF 4.186
Yan-Yan Fu,Cheng-Xiong Yang,Xiu-Ping Yan
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites have great potential for enhancing adsorption separation of the molecules with different polarities. However, the elution and separation of polar compounds on such MOFs packed columns using nonpolar solvents is difficult due to too strong interaction between polar compounds and the open metal sites. Here, we report the control of the coordination status of the open metal sites in MOFs by adjusting the content of methanol (MeOH) in the mobile phase for fast and high-resolution separation of polar compounds. To this end, high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of nitroaniline, aminophenol and naphthol isomers, sulfadimidine, and sulfanilamide on the column packed with MIL-101(Cr) possessing open metal sites was performed. The interaction between the open metal sites of MIL-101(Cr) and the polar analytes was adjusted by adding an appropriate amount of MeOH to the mobile phase to achieve the effective separation of the polar analytes due to the competition of MeOH with the analytes for the open metal sites. Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed the interaction between MeOH and the open metal sites of MIL-101(Cr). Thermodynamic parameters were measured to evaluate the effect of the content of MeOH in the mobile phase on the separation of polar analytes on MIL-101(Cr) packed column. This approach provides reproducible and high performance separation of polar compounds on the open metal sites-containing MOFs.
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ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
·
2025
·Vol. 47
·期 5
·1-19
·
IF 3.8
Li Junjie,Yin Haitao,Meng Liang,Li Li,Gao Haibo,Chu Chaohui,Wang Fenghua,Deng Huan,Hou Jingwen
The increasing contamination of global groundwater by organic chlorine solvents poses a major threat to environmental and human health; however, there is a lack of structurally stable and effective materials for removing organic chlorine pollutants. In this study, biochar-based composite microspheres embedded with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and soybean oil were prepared and their effects on 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) removal and the microbial community in simulated groundwater system were investigated. The composite microspheres achieved a remarkable 85.79% removal rate of 1,1,1-TCA after 360 h in groundwater, which was 1.63 times higher than that of ZVI + biochar microspheres (52.69%) and 1.33 times higher than that of soybean oil + biochar microspheres (64.50%). The composite microspheres also significantly reduced the oxidation–reduction potential to − 248.52 mV and maintained a neutral pH range of 6.8–7.2, thereby creating favorable conditions for long-term reductive dechlorination. The surface morphology of the composite was stable during degradation, reflecting its potential for long-term usage. The rich network structure of microspheres and the micropore structure of the biochar were conducive to the capturing of pollutants, safety of microorganisms, and slow release of organic carbon. 16S rDNA sequencing demonstrated that the composite significantly affected the diversity and stability of the microbial community, especially promoting the growth and interaction of dechlorinating and fermentative microorganisms in the groundwater and composite microspheres. The preliminary removal mechanisms included biochar-induced adsorption and ZVI-induced chemical reduction in the early stage and biochemical coupling of dechlorination in the middle and last stages. The biochar-based composite microspheres significantly enhanced the effectiveness and consistency of 1,1,1-TCA removal, potentially being applied to in situ enhanced reductive dechlorination of organochlorine solvents in site groundwater. Moreover, considering the abundant porous structure and easy availability of biochar, it can effectively promote the sustainability and cost-efficiency of the microspheres during application. Graphical abstract
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）