JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2024
·
IF 12.2
Peng Fan,Xuechen Wu,Jianrong Zeng,Lina Li,Kun Qian,Hejie Qin,Xiaohong Guan
Despite the importance of surface iron (hydr)oxides (Fe-(hydr)oxides) for the decontamination performance of zerovalent iron (ZVI) -based technologies has been well recognized, controversial understandings of their exact roles still exist due to the complex species distribution of Fe-(hydr)oxides. Herein, we re-structured the surface of ZVI using eight distinct Fe-(hydr)oxides and analyzed their species-specific effects on the performance of ZVI for Se(IV) under well-controlled conditions. The kinetics-relevant performance indicators (Se(IV) removal rates, Fe 2+ release rates, and the utilization ratio of ZVI) under the effect of each Fe-(hydr)oxide roughly followed the order: δ-FeOOH > Fe 5 HO 8 ·4H 2 O > α-FeOOH > β-FeOOH > γ-FeOOH > γ-Fe 2 O 3 > Fe 3 O 4 > α-Fe 2 O 3 . Multiple linear regression analysis shows that the large pore volume and size (instead of specific surface area), low open-circuit potential, and low electrochemical impedance are key positive properties for kinetics-relevant performance. Besides, for electron efficiency of ZVI, only Fe 3 O 4 increased the value to 50.0%, due to the contribution of its ferrous components, while others did not change it (∼20%). Additional experiments with commercial ZVI covered by individual Fe-(hydr)oxides confirmed the observed species-specific trends. All these results not only provide new basis for mechanism explanation but also have practical implications for the production or modification of ZVI.
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Scientific Reports
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 3.8
Hainan Lu,Peng Li,Qingqing Li,Fang Liu,Dong Zhou,Shenfa Huang,Jie Yang,Zhiheng Li
Biochar-supported ZVI have received increasing attention for their potential to remove nitrobenzene in groundwater and soil. However, the capacity of this material to enhance the biological reduction of nitrobenzene and alter microbial communities in anaerobic groundwater have not been explored. In this study, the nitrobenzene removal performance and mechanism of modified biochar-supported zerovalent iron (ZVI) composites were explored in anaerobic soil. The results showed that the 700 °C biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene and inhibited its release from soil to the aqueous phase. NaOH-700-Fe50 had the highest removal rate of nitrobenzene, reaching 64.4%. However, the 300 °C biochar composite inhibited the removal of nitrobenzene. Microbial degradation rather than ZVI-mediated reduction was the main nitrobenzene removal pathway. The biochar composites changed the richness and diversity of microbial communities. ZVI enhanced the symbiotic relationship between microbial genera and weakened competition between soil microbial genera. In summary, the 700 °C modified biochar composite enhanced the removal of nitrobenzene by increasing microbial community richness and diversity, by upregulating functional genes, and by promoting electron transfer. Overall, the modified biochar-supported ZVI composites could be used for soil remediation, and NaOH-700-Fe50 is a promising composite material for the on-site remediation of nitrobenzene-contaminated groundwater.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Cong Chang,Shenghai Yang,Hong Liu,Junjie Qu,Jiaqi Qi,Jie Dai,Wei Jin,Tianxi Huang,Xinbing Xia,Changhong Wang,Yongming Chen
Methanesulfonic acid (MSA, CH 3 SO 3 H) emerges as a sustainable and stable medium for membrane-assisted electrodeposition in bismuth (Bi) recovery. The incorporation of calcium lignosulfonate (CL) within the MSA-based system markedly improves the electrodeposition quality and efficiency of Bi, although the exact electrochemical mechanism and kinetics of CL's influence remains unclear and warrant further investigation. Our study focuses on the impact of CL on the electrochemical behavior through quantum chemical calculations, molecular dynamics simulations, electrochemical analyses and in-situ electrochemical optical microscopy. Within the primary solvation shell, Bi 3+ associates closely with water and CH 3 SO 3 − ions, while CL is embedded in the secondary shell, forming a complex interaction network with Bi 3+ , H 2 O, and CH 3 SO 3 − , culminating in a solvation complex of Bi(CH 3 SO 3 )1.68·0.02CL·6·72H 2 O. This complex disrupts intra-solution hydrogen bonding, reduces water activity and undesirable side reactions, and thus promotes the electrodeposition efficiency. At the cathode's double electric layer, de-solvated Bi(CH 3 SO 3 ) 2 + · n H 2 O ions are preferentially discharged and reduced. The pronounced physical adsorption of CL at the interface facilitates a three-dimensional electro-crystallization nucleation and growth process, yielding a uniform, smooth, and compact Bi deposit. Our findings not only extend the electrochemical understanding but also provide practical insights for optimizing Bi recovery in the CL-MSA system, with implications for the electrochemical recovery of other metals like lead and tin.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Xue-Chen Pei,Fa-Wen Yin,Meng-Ling Jin,Xin-Miao Wang,Hui-Lin Liu,Liang Song,Bei-Wei Zhu,Da-Yong Zhou
Water-soluble copper (CuSO 4 ), oil-soluble copper and different amount of water were added to demetallized and dehydrated Antarctic krill oil (AKO) for accelerated storage. The results showed that water-soluble copper (100 μmol/kg oil) could not significantly promote the oxidation of dehydrated AKO. While water-soluble copper (100 μmol/kg oil) exhibited stronger prooxidative property than oil-soluble copper (100 μmol/kg oil) in AKOs adding water. Meantime, with prolonged storage time of AKO adding water, the size of reverse micelle increased, the electronegativity and surface tension of the oil-water interface decreased, and adding water-soluble copper ions aggravated the above changes. Therefore, it was speculated that Cu 2+ is adsorbed to the oil-water interface by the action of electric charge to promote the oxidation of phospholipids containing unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and free UFAs present at the interface by initiating the free radical chain reaction, thereby accelerating the oxidation of AKO.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Manzi Hu,Jingnan Lu,Hebao Mei,Honglie Ding,Kezhou Cai,Hui Zhou,Baocai Xu
Benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP), known for its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, is a marker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aimed to investigate the effect of partially replacing sodium chloride with different calcium salts (calcium chloride, calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, and calcium lactate) on BaP formation in barbecued pork sausages. The results revealed that all four calcium salts inhibited BaP formation in barbecued pork sausages ( P < 0.05). Specifically, calcium gluconate showed the most significant effect on BaP inhibition, with an inhibition rate of 61.82 %. Furthermore, calcium salts were found to inhibit lipid oxidation in barbecued pork sausages while promoting the Maillard reaction. Further validation experiments used resveratrol and sodium sulfite as lipid oxidation and Maillard reaction inhibitors, respectively. These results indicated that lipid oxidation is the primary pathway for BaP production in barbecued pork sausage and that the addition of calcium salts can effectively block this process.
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ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
·
2024
·Vol. 196
·期 5
·1-17
·
IF 2.9
Hei Erping,He Mingjiang,Zhang Enze,Yu Hua,Chen Kun,Qin Yusheng,Zeng Xiangzhong,Zhou Zijun,Fan Hongzhu,Shangguan Yuxian,Wang Luying
Soil in mining wastelands is seriously polluted with heavy metals. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is widely used for remediation of heavy metal–polluted soil because of its excellent adsorption properties; however, the remediation process is affected by complex environmental conditions, such as acid rain and freeze-thaw cycles. In this study, the effects of different pH values and freeze-thaw cycles on remediation of antimony (Sb)- and arsenic (As)-contaminated soil by ZVI were investigated in laboratory simulation experiments. The stability and potential human health risks associated with the remediated soil were evaluated. The results showed that ZVI has a significant stabilizing effect on Sb and As in both acidic and alkaline soils contaminated with dual levels of Sb and As, and the freeze-thaw process in different pH value solution systems further enhances the ability of ZVI to stabilize Sb and As, especially in acidic soils. However, it should be noted that apart from the pH=1.0 solution environment, ZVI’s ability to stabilize As is attenuated under other circumstances, potentially leading to leaching of its unstable form and thereby increasing contamination risks. This indicates that the F1 (2% ZVI+pH=1 solution+freeze-thaw cycle) processing exhibits superior effectiveness. After F1 treatment, the bioavailability of Sb and As in both soils also significantly decreased during the gastric and intestinal stages (about 60.00%), the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of Sb and As in alkaline soils are eliminated for children and adults, with a decrease ranging from 60.00% to 70.00%, while in acidic soil, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of As to adults and children is acceptable, but Sb still poses non-carcinogenic risks to children, despite reductions of about 65.00%. These findings demonstrate that soil pH is a crucial factor influencing the efficacy of ZVI in stabilizing Sb and As contaminants during freeze-thaw cycles. This provides a solid theoretical foundation for utilizing ZVI in the remediation of Sb- and As-contaminated soils, emphasizing the significance of considering both pH levels and freeze-thaw conditions to ensure effective and safe treatment.
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Weiting Chen,Bing Li,Weizhao Yin,Weilong Zeng,Ping Li,Jinhua Wu
Zero-valent iron (ZVI), as an effective medium, is widely used to eliminate heavy metal ions in filter tanks. However, it will react with Cr(VI) to generate Fe–Cr precipitates with low conductivity on its surface, resulting in slow iron corrosion and low Cr(VI) removal efficiency. In this study, three oxidants (KMnO 4 , NaClO, and Na 2 S 2 O 8 ) were employed to promote iron corrosion in ZVI systems for enhanced Cr(VI) removal at a concentration of 5 mg/L through batch tests and column experiments. The ZVI/KMnO 4 , ZVI/NaClO, and ZVI/Na 2 S 2 O 8 systems achieved significantly higher Cr(VI) removal rates of 31.5%, 52.8%, and 65.9% than the ZVI system (9.8%). Solid phase characterization confirmed that these improvements were attributed to promoted iron corrosion and secondary mineral formation (e.g., lepidocrocite, ferrihydrite, and magnetite) by oxidants. Those minerals offered more reaction sites for Cr(VI) reduction, adsorption, and sequestration. Cycle experiments indicated that ZVI/oxidant systems could stably remove Cr(VI). In long-term column experiment, the ZVI/NaClO column showed a much longer life-span and exhibited a 34.8 times higher Cr(VI) removal capacity than that of the ZVI column. These findings demonstrated that ZVI in combination with a reasonable amount of oxidants was a promising method for removing Cr(VI) in practical filter tanks and provided a new insight to enhance Cr(VI) removal.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Xiaohui Ju,Roshan Velluvakandy,Xianghua Wu,Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo,Zbyněk Heger,Kamila Bendíčková,Jan Frič,Martin Pumera
Soft microrobots, compared with their rigid counterparts, offer superior adaptability in dynamic and confined biological environments. Here, magnetically-guided liquid metal microrobots composed of gallium-indium alloys embedded with Fe nanoparticles are introduced. The unique combination of magnetic maneuverability, high surface tension, intrinsic radiopacity, and deformability allows liquid metal-based microbots to overcome limitations of both hard microrobots and fragile droplet-based systems. Under magnetic actuation, liquid metal-based magnetic microrobots exhibit controllable rolling and upstream locomotion resembling neutrophil-like navigation, enabling precise maneuvering even against physiological flow. Bridging in vitro with in vivo experiments, quail egg chorioallantoic membrane models are used to demonstrate guided transport of these microrobots through blood vessels, accumulation at tumor xenografts, and migration within subcutaneous tissues. Moreover, their strong X-ray visibility enables real-time fluoroscopic tracking, validated in porcine heart vasculature. Importantly, liquid metal-based magnetic microbots can cross endothelial barriers in a vascular flow-on-a-chip platform, while maintaining endothelial biocompatibility. By integrating deformability, magnetic steerability, and imaging visibility, liquid metal-based microrobots establish a powerful platform for minimally invasive transvascular navigation. This work highlights the potential of liquid metal-based magnetic microrobots for targeted drug delivery, image-guided therapy, and intelligent biomedical interventions.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Yiming Zhang,Changhui Shao,Jinglin Yu,Yuedong Yang,Shujun Wang
Starch-unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) complexes have been shown to present additional functionalities compared to starch-saturated FA complexes. However, little information is available regarding the effects of complexing time on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their functionalities. The aim of the present study was to understand the effects of complexing time (0.5 h, 3 h and 6 h) on the formation of starch-UFA complexes and their potentially antioxidant protection towards the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. Our results showed that 3 h of complexing time was more favorable for the formation of starch-UFA complexes than 0.5 h and 6 h. Moreover, the complexes formed with a complexing time of 3 h presented higher degree of long- and short-range order. All the complexes, especially those prepared with 3 h of complexing time, showed the promising antioxidant protective effects on the encapsulated UFAs and slow-digesting properties. The antioxidant protection and slow digestion of complexes followed by slow release of UFAs were largely related to their crystalline structure. Our study showed clearly that the complexing time had great effect on the formation of starch-UFA complexes with desirable functional properties.
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Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 6
·120376
·
IF 7.2
Weichao Xu,He Zhao,Feng Hua
Phenolics and nitrogenous heterocyclic (NHC) compounds are the primary recalcitrant pollutants in coal chemical wastewater (CCW), posing challenges to conventional biological treatment processes. This study systematically evaluated the enhanced anaerobic removal of five representative phenolic and NHC compounds (phenol, o-cresol, hydroquinone, quinoline, and pyridine) using zero-valent iron (ZVI), cementite (Fe 3 C), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), and ferrous chloride in semi-continuous reactors. The results showed that ZVI and Fe 3 C provided the strongest enhancement, increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) degradation capacity of anaerobic sludge by 33.9 % and 28.8 %, respectively. Phenol degradation was improved by 21.5 % and 18.3 %, o-cresol by 46.3 % and 33.3 %, and hydroquinone by 40.1 % and 46.5 %, respectively. In contrast, Fe 3 O 4 supplementation moderately improved COD, phenol, and hydroquinone degradation, whereas Fe 2 O 3 provided a slight but statistically significant improvement in COD removal. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that ZVI and Fe 3 C increased species diversity, richness, and evenness within the sludge community. They also raised the relative abundance of aromatic degraders such as Syntrophus , Sphingomonas , Bacillus , Chryseobacterium , and Thermomonas , while concurrently increasing the predicted abundance of functional genes associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolic pathways. In contrast, Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 2 O 3 favored different degraders like Longilinea , Comamonas, and Ottowia. Conductive Fe 3 O 4 also stimulated electroactive genera such as Brooklawnia and Geobacter . This study elucidates how iron additives influence microbial structure and function. ZVI and Fe 3 C are identified as optimal for enhancing anaerobic CCW treatment by enriching key degraders and functional metabolic pathways.
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 7.1
Yuxin Chen,Xin Kong,Xumiao Mao,Xiaojun Fan,Jin Yuan
Anaerobic digestion (AD) operated at transitional temperature is a promising technology for treating de-oiled food waste (FW). However, under such conditions, the metabolic activity of methanogens will be significantly negatively affected compared to conventional mesophilic or thermophilic conditions, which limits its practical application. In this study, the AD of cellulose at 45 °C were investigated, and the synergistic effects of zero-valent iron (ZVI) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) on enhancing methanogenesis were explored. The results indicated that the combination of ZVI and Fe 3 O 4 played a crucial role in promoting cellulose methanogenesis during AD at 45 °C. Specifically, the methane yield reached 300.1 mL/g VS, representing a 58 % increase compared to the control group. Further analysis revealed that ZVI + Fe 3 O 4 enhanced the levels of coenzyme F420 and acetate kinase. Firmicutes and Methanosarcina were the dominant microbial groups involved in normal methanogenesis at 45 °C, and a positive correlation between these two groups was observed. Metagenomic sequencing further demonstrated that the combination of ZVI and Fe 3 O 4 synergistically increased the abundance of genes associated with both acetate cleavage and CO 2 reduction methanogenic pathways. The dominant pathways achieved a dynamic equilibrium, functioning according to the available substrates at different stages within the reactor. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) results indicated that coupling ZVI and Fe 3 O 4 could effectively reduce carbon emissions and fossil resource depletion. The study provided theoretical evidence for the application of AD in treating cellulose-based substrates at transitional temperatures.
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JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
·
2025
·Vol. 151
·期 7
·04025032
·
IF 1.6
Li-Zhi Huang,Yantong Ji,Jingjing Lin,Yitao Dai,Ivan P. Pozdnyakov,Bingbing Hu
Efficient trichloroethylene (TCE) dechlorination is crucial for mitigating water pollution. This study demonstrates that stainless-steel anode corrosion products (SSACP) effectively reduce TCE. Comparing with zero valent iron, green rust, and iron anode corrosion product, SSACP [44 mM Fe(II)] followed higher pseudo-first-order kinetics with a TCE reduction rate constant of 8.21 h−1 in 24 h with a TCE concentration of ∼15 μM. SSACP mainly consists of amorphous metal hydroxide, including Fe, Cr, and Ni. The TCE reduction rate increases significantly with pH value and SSACP dosage. Due to the presence of Ni, the electron transfer efficiency is greatly improved, which is the key for rapid dehalogenation of TCE. Meanwhile, ferrous hydroxide has coagulation and precipitation to control the dissolution of metal elements. The SSACP system showed excellent TCE removal efficiency in groundwater remediation.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）