APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
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2026
·
IF 4.8
Youwei Wu,Ning Zhou,Tingyan Peng,Weixin Ma,Lili Qiu,Fei Xue,Zhifeng Dai,Yubing Xiong
Poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) offer many inherent advantages in material design, owing to their tunable structure, polarity, and versatile functionalization capability. These properties make PILs highly promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis, especially carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) conversion and utilization. In this work, a triazine-functionalized isocyanate monomer and an amino-functionalized imidazolium-based PIL were designed and synthesized. Through the addition polymerization, a family of novel urea- and triazine-functionalized porous PIL heterogeneous catalysts (denoted as p-PIL-x) were prepared. The resulting materials were thoroughly characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and CO 2 adsorption measurements. The catalysis evaluation revealed that p-PIL-x promotes efficient CO 2 conversion via intramolecular synergy among the urea, triazine, and imidazole motifs, all of which are rich in nitrogen species. Under optimized conditions (0.1 MPa, 80 °C, 24 h), the catalyst achieved a cyclic carbonate yield of 94.33% with 99% selectivity. The reaction mechanism was further elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and in situ FT-IR measurement, which highlighted the cooperative role of hydrogen-bond donors and bromide ions in activating both the epoxide substrate and CO 2 . The synthesized p-PIL-x catalyst exhibits excellent heterogeneity, stability, and recyclability, offering a promising platform for the development of multifunctional heterogeneous catalysts toward efficient and sustainable CO 2 conversion.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
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2026
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IF 5.2
Yixin Wei,Jiaying Chen,Yaowu Cai,Qiankun Shi,Guosheng Shao,Ruohan Hou,Peng Zhang
Abstract Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, their practical application remains limited by safety concerns and poor compatibility with high-voltage cathodes, arising from interfacial instability, dendrite growth, and uneven ion transport at the electrode–electrolyte interface. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) improve safety but still suffer from low Li+ transference numbers and insufficient interfacial stability. Herein, a synergistic polymer, ionic liquid, and inorganic composite electrolyte (FALET) is developed to regulate ion transport and interfacial chemistry. The polymer/ionic liquid matrix facilitates Li+ transport, while EMIMTFSI also participates in interfacial electrochemical processes during Li plating/stripping. TiO2 nanofibers further regulate TFSI– anions and promote lithium salt dissociation through Lewis acid interactions. The resulting cooperative regulation of ion transport and interfacial chemistry homogenizes Li+ flux, promotes the formation of a dense inorganic rich SEI, and suppresses dendrite growth. The FALET electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 6.52 × 10–4 S cm–1, a Li+ transference number of 0.31, and a stability window of 5.01 V. It enables stable Li||Li cycling over 2700 h and a Coulombic efficiency of 96% in Li||Cu cells. Full cells further demonstrate stable cycling, high-voltage compatibility, and enhanced safety with improved flame retardancy and thermal stability. This work provides an effective strategy for developing safe and high-voltage-compatible solid polymer electrolytes.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
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IF 5.2
Guangchao Zhai,Yifan Zhang,Zhi Li,Qingguo Zhang,Zheng Xing
Abstract Conductive polymer hydrogels that integrate mechanical robustness, self-healing, adhesion, ionic conductivity, and long-term stability are highly desirable for flexible electronics. Herein, a machine learning (ML)-guided strategy was developed to design multifunctional polyacrylamide/chitosan dual-network hydrogels incorporating 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) and sorbitol. An exploratory ML screening of 31 literature-derived additives prioritized imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) as promising candidates within the investigated chemical space. The optimized hydrogel exhibited a tensile stress of 0.16 MPa, an elongation at break of 688.6%, a tensile-strength recovery of 92.7% after 30 min, an ionic conductivity of 3.2 S m–1, and a broad-range gauge factor (GF) of 4.277. In situ characterizations, component-removal experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provided complementary evidence that hydrogen bonding, Al3+-mediated coordination, electrostatic interactions, and interfacial interactions collectively contribute to the polymer network and ion-transport behavior. The hydrogel enabled reliable human motion monitoring, handwriting recognition, human-machine interaction (HMI), and flexible supercapacitors with 85% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. This work provides a data-driven polymer-network design strategy for multifunctional conductive hydrogels toward flexible electronic applications.
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ACS Applied Energy Materials
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2026
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IF 5.5
Fuwei Sun,Yao Li,Ziang Huang,Weigang Liu,Chao Liu,Rui Wang,Pengcheng Li,Chen Wang,Bo-Qing Xu,Guangtao Li
Abstract Au/TiO2 is a promising photocatalyst for CO2 reduction, yet its performance is often limited by inefficient light utilization and insufficient local CO2 availability. Here, we present an integrated photocatalytic platform by embedding Au/TiO2 nanoparticles within imidazolium poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) nanocone arrays. The nanocone architecture provides broadband light harvesting with > 99% absorptivity, while the imidazolium PIL enriches CO2 near the catalytic sites, enabling synergistic enhancement of CO2 photoreduction. The intrinsic counter-anion exchangeability of the PIL further enables programmable regulation of the overall catalytic activity and product formation selectivity. By optimizing the counter anion and water supply, the system selectively produces CO (124.89 μmol·g–1·h–1, 94.2% selectivity) or CH4 (137.75 μmol·g–1·h–1, 100% selectivity). Metalloporphyrin counter anions additionally enable C2 product formation, while functional catalytic anions allow cascade conversion of CO2 into polymeric products. This work demonstrates an integrated strategy that couples light management, substrate enrichment, and reaction programmability for efficient and versatile solar-driven CO2 conversion.
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 3.6
Lang Yu,Yongheng Cui,Zhiliang Lu,Yingjie Zhou,Feng Yan
Utilizing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a renewable C1 building block to produce value-added chemicals represents a key strategy for developing greener and more sustainable chemical processes. Herein, a series of ionic liquids (ILs) with excellent CO 2 activation capabilities was designed and combined with copper(I) chloride to form a synergistic catalytic system. This system efficiently promoted the carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohols with CO 2 under mild conditions, such as at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Among the explored ILs, tetramethyl guanidinium 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate ([TMGH] 3 [2,4-DHBA]) was the most effective catalyst, achieving a conversion of 68.9% for the model substrate 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol within 12 h. The superior performance of [TMGH] 3 [2,4-DHBA] is attributed to the presence of multiple CO 2 -philic sites on its anionic scaffold, which significantly enhances the cooperative activation of CO 2 . Furthermore, theoretical simulations revealed that the structural features of the anion play a decisive role in CO 2 adsorption and activation, exhibiting a positive correlation with the overall catalytic activity. This work systematically elucidates, from both experimental and theoretical perspectives, the catalytic mechanism of ILs with different cation–anion combinations in CO 2 transformation reactions, providing critical insights for the rational design of highly efficient and mild catalytic systems for CO 2 utilization. Graphical A synergistic catalytic system combining ionic liquids (ILs) with copper(I) chloride efficiently converts CO 2 into valuable chemicals under mild conditions. The most effective IL, featuring a multi-site CO 2 -philic anion, achieves high conversion by enhancing cooperative CO 2 activation, as validated by experimental and theoretical insights.
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APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
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2026
·Vol. 40
·期 6
·e70586
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IF 4.3
Jianwei Liu,Menghan Cao,Zhijian Sun,Yuanfang Li,Jiayi Xie,Hongben Zhang,Tao Xie,Yunxiu Zhang,Lihua Wei,Peiyan Bi,Yean Zhu,Fengtian Wu,Shuangshuang Hou,Jianguo Ma
Efficient extraction of uranium from seawater supports the development of nuclear energy. To improve the utilization of the adsorbent binding sites, four poly (ionic liquid)s were synthesized using vinylimidazolium-based ionic liquids as binding sites and divinylbenzene to modulate material distance, designated as P-VEIM-Br, P-VEIM-OAc, P-VEIM-C 3 H 7 COO, and P-VEIM-TFA. The results indicate that P-VEIM-OAc exhibits enhanced uranium adsorption at the pH range of 7.0–10.0 with uranium removal efficiency exceeding 90% at an initial concentration of 10 mg L −1 . The test experiments demonstrated that the maximum uranium adsorption capacity of P-VEIM-OAc is 989 mg g −1 (298 K, pH = 8.0). Mechanistic investigations using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and zeta potential measurements revealed that the high adsorption performance arises from electrostatic attraction, π–π stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding. In addition, P-VEIM-OAc showed excellent selectivity for uranium in simulated seawater and retained its performance over five cycles. This strategy provides favorable technical support for improving uranium extraction from real seawater.
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Journal of Energy Storage
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2026
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IF 10.7
Han Wang,Yan Wang,Shixiong Sun,Ming Li,Junwei Lang,Jianmin Zhang
Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered commercially promising for lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to their high lithium-salt solubility, flexibility, electrochemical stability, and interfacial compatibility. Nevertheless, their practical application is hindered by the high crystallinity of PEO, which leads to low ionic conductivity of PEO at room temperature. In this work, a dicationic ionic liquid, Butyl-3-dimethylpyrrolidine bis[(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide] (C 4 PyTFSI), is incorporated as a functional filler into PEO-LiTFSI matrix to form a composite SPE. The C 4 Py 2+ boosts ion conductivity by both disrupting PEO crystallinity via spatial hindrance and promoting Li + ion dissociation through charge shielding. The optimized electrolyte with 5wt%C 4 PyTFSI exhibit a high lithium-ion transference number ( t Li + ) of 0.61, a wide electrochemical stability window of up to 4.5 V , and superior lithium plating/stripping stability exceeding 550 h at 0.1 mA cm −2 . Consequently, the LFP|SPE-5|Li cell delivered excellent rate performance at 30 °C, specific discharge capacities of 162, 154.6, 152.1, 147.6, and 130.2 mAh g −1 were achieved at 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.3C, 0.5C, and 1.0C, respectively. At 40 °C, the cell maintained robust performance with capacities of 159.1, 158.4, 157.1, 154.6, and 147 mAh g −1 at the same rates. Moreover, the cell exhibited remarkable cycling stability, retaining 95% of its capacity after 100 cycles at 0.5C and 30 °C, and maintaining 80% even after 120 cycles under the more demanding conditions of 1C and 40 °C. This work provides new insights into the application of PEO-based SPEs in LMBs.
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Acta Biomaterialia
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2026
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IF 10.4
Jingyu He,Ziqiao Zhong,Zijian Peng,Lu Gan,Wenhao Wang,Yuzhen Jin,Guanlin Wang,Chuanbin Wu,Lijun Hu,Xuejuan Zhang,Ying Huang
Vaginal progesterone administration represents the preferred route for luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology due to the uterine first-pass effect. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by poor aqueous solubility and low transmucosal penetration. This study aimed to develop an ionic liquid-based foam-to-gel system (IL-FOAM) for enhanced vaginal delivery of progesterone. The IL-FOAM was formulated using choline oleate to improve drug solubility, propellants for foam formation, and Poloxamer 407 (P407) to enable temperature- and pH-responsive gelation. Key findings demonstrated that choline oleate increased progesterone solubility by 1031-fold. The IL-FOAM exhibited rapid foam expansion, uniform ejection, and complete foam-to-gel transition under vaginal physiological conditions. Using a 3D-printed vaginal model, the system achieved complete vaginal coverage within minutes and maintained gel retention for up to 24 h. Ex vivo studies revealed that the mucosal penetration ratio of IL-FOAM was approximately 3-fold higher than that of the commercial product Crinone®. In Sprague-Dawley rats, IL-FOAM demonstrated superior uterine targeting efficiency (85.96%) compared to intramuscular injection (5.43%), with favourable safety profiles in both in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In conclusion, the dual-responsive IL-FOAM offers a promising strategy for vaginal progesterone delivery with enhanced solubility, prolonged retention, and improved uterine targeting, providing new insights for luteal phase support in assisted reproductive technology. Statement of significance Existing luteal support for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is challenged by the poor solubility and retention of vaginal progesterone. We presented an ionic liquid-based foam-to-gel system (IL-FOAM) to address these limitations. This formulation strategy leverages ionic liquids to enhance drug solubility and permeation, while the foam mechanism ensures extensive distribution and prolonged retention. Our study demonstrates that IL-FOAM significantly improves uterine bioavailability, offering a potent and sustained therapeutic option that overcomes the drawbacks of current formulations for infertility treatment. Download: Download high-res image (301KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Yuxuan Liao,Deyi Han,Shujuan Yang,Yong Zhang,Haichuan Zhang
A novel one-step dissolution–acetylation process using [BMIM]Cl is developed for fabricating high-performance RC ultrafiltration membranes. • The optimized RC membrane exhibits a high pure water flux of 293.81 L·m −2 ·h −1 and excellent surface hydrophilicity of 17.79°. • The acetylation results in a denser, more uniform membrane matrix, enhancing both mechanical strength and selectivity. • This strategy has solved the performance and processing issues of the cellulose ultrafiltration membrane. Cellulose-based ultrafiltration (UF) membranes often suffer from limited solubility and poor processability, which hinder the precise control of membrane morphology and performance. Herein, a single-step dissolution-acetylation protocol employing the ionic liquid [BMIM]Cl is introduced to fabricate regenerated cellulose (RC) ultrafiltration membranes with tunable degrees of substitution and optimized microstructure. By systematically varying the acetylation time and acetic anhydride concentration, a series of membranes with substitution degrees from 12.4% to 30.3% were obtained. The RC 20-36 h membrane (30.3% substitution) demonstrated a pure water flux of 293.81 L·m −2 ·h −1 , bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of 83.44%, and flux recovery ratio of 89.59%. Surface hydrophilicity was enhanced (contact angle 17.79°), and tensile stress reached 1059 kPa owing to acetylation-induced disruption of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and increased chain rigidity. Uniform acetyl group distribution minimized structural defects and established a finely porous network that balances high permeability with selectivity and fouling resistance. This one-step approach integrates cellulose dissolution and functional modification in a single solvent, offering a sustainable and efficient route to high-performance UF membranes. Download: Download high-res image (353KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2026
·
IF 5.8
Xin Li,Wenpo Li,Rong Wang,Chunliu Xu,Lei Guo,Jawza A. Almutairi,Hanan Alghibiwi,Bochuan Tan
[N₁₈₈₈][NTf₂] serves as a bifunctional electrolyte additive for Mg–air batteries. • [N₁₈₈₈][NTf₂] forms a hydrophobic, MgF₂-containing interfacial layer on Mg. • DFT and MD simulations reveal preferential and stable adsorption on Mg(0001). • The protective effect is concentration-dependent, with an optimum at 1 mM. • The cell delivers 1853.3 Wh·kg⁻¹ and a discharge duration of 123.3 h. Mg-air batteries are limited by severe self-corrosion of the magnesium anode and accumulation of discharge products, leading to reduced anode utilization and discharge voltage. This study introduces the ionic liquid [N₁₈₈₈][NTf₂] as a bifunctional electrolyte additive to regulate the magnesium/electrolyte interface. The long alkyl chain of [N₁₈₈₈]⁺ forms a hydrophobic barrier, restricting water access to the magnesium surface and inhibiting magnesium self-corrosion; [NTf₂]⁻ coordinates with Mg²⁺, slowing the accumulation of discharge products. This complementary cation-anion regulation achieves a balance between inhibiting corrosion and maintaining effective dissolution of the magnesium anode. The full cell achieved a discharge voltage of 1.45 V and a specific energy of 1853.3 Wh·kg⁻¹ at 5 mA·cm⁻²; at 10 mA·cm⁻², the discharge time reached 123.3 h, approximately seven times that of the blank electrolyte. This work provides an ion-specific interface regulation strategy for improving magnesium anode utilization and the discharge performance of MABs. Download: Download high-res image (331KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Materials Au
·
2025
·
IF 6.5
Yimei Tang,Rong Wang,Qian Bai,Haoyuan Wang,Tian Tian,Benquan Hu,Jian Zhang,Maofang He,Yuzhen Zhang,Suya Gao,Yun Zhang
To solve the bioavailability of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reduce their clinical risks, this study combined density functional theory (DFT) calculations with experiments and investigated the mechanism of in vitro transdermal absorption of choline ketoprofen gel and the pharmacokinetics of choline ketoprofen in rats. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the in vitro transdermal effect of ketoprofen in rats and the concentration of ketoprofen in the plasma of rats, which were administered choline ketoprofen by gavage. After the transdermal treatment, the rat skin was subjected to Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and observe changes in skin structure. The results indicate that choline ketoprofen gel is superior to ketoprofen gel in terms of transdermal ability. Its transdermal rate is 1.4–2.2 times that of ketoprofen gel. The results show that the interaction force between choline ketoprofen and phospholipids is approximately 2.5 times that between ketoprofen and phospholipids, causing edema in epidermal cells and the dermis, which enlarges the intercellular space and then enhances the transdermal absorption capacity of ketoprofen. Compared with the ketoprofen suspension, the peak concentration of ketoprofen increased from 7.708 to 39.495 mg·L–1 (p < 0.05) for ketoprofen choline, and the relative bioavailability was 479.86%. It can be seen that the drug ionic liquid pathway can improve the absorption of drugs by the body and can better exhibit the dual functions of ionic liquids (penetration enhancers, surfactants, etc.) and drugs. These preliminary research results can lay the foundation for in-depth research on ketoprofen ionic liquid gels.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
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2025
·
IF 4.7
Dan Gu,Yangyang Wang,Chi Cao,Haiping Xu,Yuan Zhang,Haiming Cheng,Huiyan Wang
Low-dimensional lead-free metal halide materials have garnered significant attention from researchers due to their unique optical properties. Manganese(II)-based metal halides have emerged as promising candidates for use in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and scintillator applications. This work introduces two instances of manganese bromide compound crystals characterized by zero-dimensional structures, which have been synthesized utilizing pyridinium-based ionic liquids as organic ligands, designated as (C 10 H 16 N) 2 MnBr 4 (CP1, C 10 H 16 N = 1‑butyl‑3-methylpyridine cation) and (C 10 H 16 N) 2 MnBr 4 (CP2, C 10 H 16 N = 1‑butyl‑4-methylpyridine cation). Upon excitation with ultraviolet (UV) light, the CP1 and CP2 crystals exhibited green photoluminescence, with quantum yields of photoluminescence (PLQY) measured at 47.59 % for CP1 and 68.31 % for CP2, respectively. The zero-dimensional manganese bromide compound CP2, which has been synthesized utilizing pyridine-based ionic liquids, demonstrates potential as an X-ray imaging scintillator. It exhibits a light yield of 17,337 photons/MeV and a detection limit of 343 nGy air /s. The spatial resolution of the CP2@PVDF flexible film is as high as 8.3 lp/mm. This work demonstrates that pyridine-based ionic liquids, when used as organic ligands, provide innovative design concepts for the synthesis of novel manganese-based halides.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）