POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 1
·e70059
·
IF 3.4
Qinqin Luo,Yulin Sun
To achieve effective flame retardancy and improved toughness in epoxy resin (EP) without compromising strength and modulus, a new derivative containing phosphaphenanthrene and phenyl propyl ether groups (HPMD) has been developed and used as an additive. The structure of HPMD has been fully characterized, and the properties of HPMD and modified EP have been thoroughly studied. The phenyl propyl ether group in HPMD can undergo Claisen type rearrangement to form benzopyran during heat treatment and subsequently polymerize by curing via the CC bond in the benzopyran. The unique rigid and flexible structures of HPMD allow it to disperse in the EP matrix through melting. Dynamic mechanical analysis suggests that HPMD has a high degree of interpenetration in the EP matrix, resulting in a single-phase structure for the epoxy resins containing HPMD. Notably, incorporating only 4 wt% HPMD content into the polymer matrix yields a flame-retarded, toughened, and strengthened EP. EP containing 4 wt% HPMD (EP4; phosphorus content of only 0.33%) displays a limiting oxygen index value of 31.1% and exhibits a UL94 V-0 rating. Compared with that of EP, the combustion of EP4 exhibits a decrease in the peak of heat release rate, maximum average heat rate emission, average heat release rate, and total heat release, along with an increase in the char yield, further indicating that HPMD effectively retards the combustion of EP. Moreover, EP4 displays improvements in tensile strength, elongation at break, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength of 18.4%, 9.7%, 14.9%, 19.1%, and 26.7%, respectively, compared with unmodified EP. Analysis of HPMD's flame-retardant action suggests that it exhibits flame-retardant activity simultaneously in the gas and condensed phases. Significant progress has been demonstrated toward the development of a meltable epoxy resin additive that combines flame-retardant, toughening, and strengthening functions while avoiding phase separation from the epoxy resin.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 1
·e6289
·
IF 3.1
Zhigang Yuan,Mingming Sun,Xugang Zhang,Mehdi Derradji,Bin Zhang,Jianhui Li,Ming Zhao,Caizhao Liu,Shuangle Xue,Bo Liu
In this work, this study aimed to overcome the inherent disadvantage of low thermal stability and brittleness of epoxy resins. A novel modifiers containing alkynyl- and allyla- groups, (E)-1-(4-(allyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-(3-ethynylphenyl)methanimine (MNEM) was prepared and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR), and selected to improve the thermal stability and toughness of bisphenol A-type epoxy resin (E51). The blend resins were produced by blending with different contents of MNEM into E51 resin, named E-MNEM resins. Meanwhile, the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and micromorphology of E-MNEM blends were analyzed in details. It was found that the thermal stability of E-MNEM resins was improved by increasing the proportion of MNEM. Compared with E-0MNEM resin, when the MNEM concentration reached 40 wt%, the char yield ( Y c ) increased from 14.95 to 29.62%, reflecting a 98.1% improvement. In addition, an appropriate concentration of MNEM could be conductive to improving the mechanical properties. An improvement of 25.5 and 7.1% in elongation and tensile strength along with the maximum value of 17.6 kJ/m 2 for the impact strength was achieved by the cured E-MNEM resins containing 20 wt% of MNEM. Finally, the fracture surface morphology of the E-MNEM resins was analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 3
·e6329
·
IF 3.1
Xiaohui Wang,Xinmei Li
In dealing with the oil–water separation process, improving the oil–water selectivity of the membrane surface and increasing the porosity within the membrane are effective means to achieve durable and efficient oil–water separation. Therefore, polystyrene/polyacrylonitrile-polyvinylidene fluoride/Polydimethylsiloxane Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (PS/PAN-PVDF/PDMS@Fe 3 O 4 ) composite membranes with superhydrophobicity and lipophilicity were prepared by electrospinning technique. By controlling the filling concentration of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, a stable superhydrophobic and lipophilic rough structure was constructed, and micro–nano multilayer rough voids existed inside the membrane. The results showed that the composite fiber membrane exhibited exceptional superhydrophobicity (156.2°), thermal stability (338°C), mechanical properties (tensile strength of 3.0 MPa, elongation of 33.9%), and oil adsorption capacity (30–100 g/g). Moreover, even under corrosive environments, this composite fiber membrane maintained its superhydrophobic properties (above 152°) and achieved high oil–water separation efficiency (above 97%). Remarkably, after 40 cycles, the composite membrane could sustain a separation flux of 5000 L m −2 h −1 . Consequently, the composite fiber membrane manufactured using this strategy exhibits promising potential for applications in oil–water separation.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 1
·e6277
·
IF 3.1
Anqi Ming,Xiaoxiao Li,Jun Sun,Yanyan Liu,Xingyou Tian,Hua Wang,Lin Chen,Yuxiang Cao,Yun Yuan
The cationic water-soluble polymers, which are widely used in many areas such as papermaking and separation process, are typically synthesized through polymerization of cationic monomers represented by quaternary ammonium salt. In this work, the polymerization reaction kinetics of three typical quaternary ammonium salt cationic monomers including acryloyl oxygen ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC), methyl acryloyl oxygen ethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), and methyl acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) was examined by using the dilatometer method. The results showed that the polymerization rate of all three monomers increased with the increase of initiation temperature, monomer concentration, and initiator concentration. Under the same conditions, the polymerization activity of the three monomers followed the order: DAC > DMC > MAPTAC. The activation energies for the polymerization reaction under the specified conditions were E aDAC = 138.97 kJ/mol, E aDMC = 141.24 kJ/mol, and E aMAPTAC = 226.97 kJ/mol, respectively. The polymerization rate equations were R pDAC = k 1 [ M ] 4.25 [ I ] 0.51 , R pDMC = k 2 [ M ] 3.77 [ I ] 0.50 , and R pMAPTAC = k 3 [ M ] 3.30 [ I ] 0.49 . The polymerization activity of the monomers may be influenced by electronic effects and steric hindrance of the monomer structure. This work has provided a theoretical and experimental foundation for the actual work of structural design and preparation of cationic water-soluble polymers.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 3
·e70140
·
IF 3.4
Xianning Wang,Runqi Zhang,Lujia Xuan,Mengmeng Yu,Jianqing Mao,Gang Cheng,Jieqiong Yan,Hongzhen Wang
Covalent adaptable networks offer a viable approach for producing recyclable rubber materials. Nevertheless, the intricate synthesis process and insufficient mechanical strength limit their commercialization applications. In this study, the reinforced, thermal-healing, and recyclable chitosan/ethylene propylene diene rubber (CEF-CS) was synthesized using a solid-phase blending process via the Diels-Alder (D-A) reaction. Furfural modified chitosan (F-CS) was included as a reinforcing filler and dynamic cross-linking point into the network formed via the D-A reaction. The influence of F-CS content on the mechanical, thermomechanical, and thermal repair characteristics of CEF-CS composites was examined. The results showed that the CEF-CS composites exhibited certain mechanical strength and dependable repair capabilities. As the F-CS content increased, the tensile strength of CEF-CS composites initially rose and subsequently declined, reaching a peak of 5.1 MPa, which was 5.1 times more than the control without F-CS. The first healing efficiency of tensile strength exceeded 70%, whereas the second healing efficiency was above 60%. Moreover, the simple preparation procedure and enhanced mechanical strength facilitate the commercial utilization of recyclable rubber materials, which is crucial for addressing the environmental pollution issue associated with rubber materials.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·e70110
·
IF 3.4
Bingqian Wang,Ting Huo,Wan Xu,Xiaojian Ou,Yuanjun Sun,Yanjun Cui,Yongsheng Xiang,Zhenbin Chen
The porous thermosensitive imprinted polymer of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP was prepared in a short time with the aid of a microwave. The structure and morphology of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP were characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, and BET. The thermosensitive block PDEA- b -P(DEA- co -AM) was introduced into the imprinted polymer preparation system. N-MAM and AA were selected as functional monomers, and stable HIPE Pickering emulsions were prepared under high-speed stirring, combined with multi-field coupling technology. The synthesis process of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP was studied, and the dosages of template ion, functional monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as microwave power, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time, were optimized. Under optimal technological conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP reached 0.20 mmol L −1 at 33°C, and adsorption equilibrium was reached within 240 min. Theoretical studies showed that the adsorption of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP conformed to the quasi-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. When MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP was applied to a diluted platinum group catalyst leaching solution, its adsorption capacity for MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP to Ru was 0.23 mmol L −1 , and the purity of platinum group metals increased from 53.72% to 76.43% after one adsorption/desorption cycle. After 11 reuses, the adsorption capacity maintained 70.06% of the original capacity, indicating that MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP had good potential in industrial applications.
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 8
·e70314
·
IF 3.4
Jingyi Bai,Le Liu,Haoting Yang,Yan Wang,Xu Ji,Zirong Luo,Na Kong,Jizhen Zhang,Pengfei Zhao,Yanqiu Shao,Jinlong Tao
Acid coagulation is a widely adopted method in the production of natural rubber (NR). However, it poses several environmental and performance-related challenges, including the use of hazardous reagents, substantial wastewater generation, and deterioration of mechanical properties. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel approach using superabsorbent polymer (SAP) with dual functionality: rapid absorption of bulk water alongside selective removal of nonrubber components. Using SAP, the dry rubber content of fresh natural rubber latex (NRL) was enhanced to 62.7%, yielding concentrated natural rubber (CNR). High-performance NR (CNR) was subsequently obtained through film casting and heat drying. Compared to acid-coagulated natural rubber (ANR), the CNR method significantly reduces wastewater generation associated with acid coagulants and lowers energy consumption by eliminating the need for mechanical dewatering. Importantly, this approach preserves a greater amount of intrinsic proteins and lipids, as well as the relatively intact network structure of NR, which contributes to the superior tensile strength of 22.80 MPa for vulcanized CNR. Furthermore, the enhanced thermal-oxidative aging resistance of CNR is attributed to its higher gel content and preserved structural integrity, making it a promising material for advanced rubber applications. This strategy not only streamlines the coagulation process but also enhances the mechanical properties of the resulting NR, offering a more sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional acid-based methods.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 9
·e70329
·
IF 3.4
Yang Luo,Jun-Peng Wang,Yan Song,Jiahui Ma,Hanjun Gong,Guo Liang Li
Achieving spontaneous contact of damaged interfaces under stimulus-free conditions is a prerequisite and major challenge for intrinsic autonomous self-healing polymers. This study presents an intrinsic self-healing polymer system based on polythioctic acid. Under alkaline conditions, its segments transition from an opaque semicrystalline state to a transparent elastomer with high mobility, enabling spontaneous contact and repair of fractured scratch surfaces. When subjected to damage, the material demonstrates self-healing anticorrosion performance, with the impedance magnitude of the scratched coating at 0.01 Hz increasing from 2.3 × 10 5 Ω·cm 2 at 0 h to 1.4 × 10 7 Ω·cm 2 after 120 h of exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl without any external stimulus. Furthermore, the material demonstrates outstanding sustainability in terms of recyclability under mild conditions after its service life. This smart polymer design strategy provides a feasible approach for developing intrinsic self-healing polymer systems requiring no external intervention.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 8
·e70303
·
IF 3.4
Shenghua Xu,Weihong Guo
This study develops a sequential surface functionalization strategy for strontium-substituted hydroxyapatite-graft-poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) (Sr10-HA- g -PBLG) porous microspheres to enable in situ scaffold assembly. Hydrazine hydrate-mediated aminolysis and alkaline hydrolysis introduced surface amino (2.87 × 10 −2 mol/g) and carboxyl (1.76 × 10 −2 mol/g) groups, respectively, while preserving structural integrity (verified by FT-IR/XRD/SEM). Subsequent EDC/NHS-activated grafting of 3-amino-1,2-propanediol (AP) achieved 90% efficiency, followed by NaIO 4 oxidation to generate aldehyde functionalities (2.65 × 10 −3 mol/g). Through dynamic imine crosslinking between aldehyde- and amino-functionalized microspheres, 3D scaffolds were formed in situ. The scaffolds exhibited hierarchical porosity (pore size: 40–60 μm, porosity: 85.4% ± 2.3%), exceptional hydration capacity (613.6% ± 24.1% water retention), and enhanced mechanical properties (storage modulus > 13,000 Pa, compressive strength: 0.53 ± 0.02 MPa, tensile strength: 0.068 ± 0.02 MPa). Controlled degradation in PBS (pH = 7.4) showed 46.24% mass loss over 31 weeks. This interfacial engineering approach provides a versatile platform for designing polymer-ceramic hybrids with tailorable surface reactivity and structural adaptability. Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured in vitro, and the dual-fluorescence tracking strategy revealed spatially coordinated cellular colonization patterns, demonstrating porous microsphere scaffold's potential for precision-controlled 3D cell delivery in tissue engineering applications.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 8
·e70306
·
IF 3.4
Caifang Hu,Jianjie Jiang,Xianfei Hu,Wei Wei,Jingcheng Liu,Xiaojie Li
Hyperbranched epoxy resins are efficient toughening modifiers for epoxy thermosets. However, enhancing the mechanical/thermomechanical properties while improving the toughness of the epoxy thermosets remains a challenge. Herein, a new hyperbranched epoxy resin containing a flexible siloxane skeleton (HBPSER) was synthesized for improving the comprehensive performance of epoxy thermosets. Specifically, the phenolic hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched precursor (HBPS) was first synthesized using 1,3-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (A 2 -type monomer) and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (CB 2 -type monomer), followed by the surface modification with epichlorohydrin to afford the HBPSER. The HBPSER was then utilized for modification of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) thermosets. Compared to the neat DGEBA thermoset, the 8 wt% HBPSER-modified epoxy thermoset showed a 139.6%, 99.6%, 88%, 268.2%, 22.8%, and 2.8% increase in impact strength, elongation at break, critical stress intensity factor ( K IC ), critical crack propagation energy release rate ( G IC ), tensile strength, and glass transition temperature ( T g ), respectively. In addition, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss were reduced by 41.3% and 51.6%, respectively. Moreover, the flame retardancy of the epoxy thermosets was also improved with the addition of HBPSER. This comprehensive modification performance was caused by the synergistic effects of intramolecular cavities, rigid phenyl units, and flexible siloxane segments in HBPSER.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 1
·e6269
·
IF 3.1
Mirza Nadeem Ahmad,Muhammad Naveed Anjum,Muhammad Fayyaz Farid,Atta-ul Haq,Akbar Ali,Muhammad Fayyazur Rehman,Mohammed A. Assiri,Muhammad Safwan Akram
Water pollution is growing at an alarming rate, particularly due to the colored wastewater released by the various industries into aquifers and fresh water sources, and in some extreme cases, they have reached the water table. Faisalabad, a city in Pakistan where there is an industrial cluster of textiles dyeing and manufacturers, water table has become undrinkable. The presence of hazardous dyes and chemicals imposes serious health issues on humans, animals, and plants. The treatment of such toxic dye effluents is crucial and could be done by efficient degradation methods such as photocatalysis. The current study presents synthesis of poly( o -methylaniline)/zinc oxide/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (POMA/ZnO/rGO NC) using a chemical oxidative polymerization process and explores its properties as a photocatalyst by demonstrating degradation of three dyes. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence emission spectroscopy (PL), Brunauer Emmett–Teller analysis (BET), and UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–visible). Further, the photocatalytic activity of POMA/ZnO/rGO NC was evaluated and compared by degrading the direct yellow 12 (DY 12), congo red (CR), and malachite green (MG) dyes in aqueous media under UV irradiation. The results indicated that after 110 min, POMA/ZnO/rGO composite degraded the dyes by 92% (DY 12), 86.1% (CR), and 82.1% (MG), respectively. Moreover, kinetic studies of the photocatalyst were also performed along with reusability test, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and degradation mechanism.
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 4
·e6405
·
IF 3.1
Runrun Chi,Xiao Yang,Ziwei Yang,Hangbin Xia,Huili Li,Luqi Pan,Jiahui Hao,Dongxue Yan,Xiaoqin Si,Changcan Shi,Jie Sun,Wenzhong Li
Oxaliplatin (OXA) is widely utilized in clinical cancer treatment, however its effectiveness is hindered by drug resistance and severe side effects resulting from non-targeted delivery and lack of response to the tumor environment. In this research, thiol modified OXA and oligo hyaluronic acid (oHA) were used to developed a redox-responsive OXA-SS-oHA nanoparticle delivery system. The nanoparticles could release oxaliplatin prodrug OXA-SH through the cleavage of disulfide bonds in response of the abundant GSH in the tumor environment. OXA-SS-oHA nanoparticles were stable in aqueous solution for 7 days, and in vitro release experiments showed that the cumulative release of OXA in the absence of GSH was 21%, while in the presence of 10 mM concentration of GSH, the cumulative release was 47%. Additionally, OXA-SS-oHA demonstrated greater efficacy in inducing cell death in GSH-positive cells (MKN45) when compared to GSH-negative cells (L929). This study provides a novel strategy for the construction of GSH-stimulated responsive targeted drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
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高影响因子
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