JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2020
·Vol. 167
·期 8
·082504
·
IF 3.721
Zhiwei Wang,Juanjian Ru,Yixin Hua,Ding Wang,Jiaojiao Bu
High-pure Sn powders (99.99 wt%) with controllable morphologies are prepared by electrodeposition at various temperatures (313–353 K) in choline chloride-ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent (ChCl-EG DES). The electrochemical behavior of Sn(II)/Sn on nickel electrode has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Results demonstrate that the reduction of Sn(II) ions in ChCl-EG DES is a quasi-reversible process controlled by diffusion. The diffusion coefficients of Sn(II) ions are in the range of 0.893–3.189 × 10−7 cm2·s−1 at 313–353 K. Besides, the current efficiency and corresponding energy consumption during the electrodeposition of Sn powders at 353 K are calculated about 87.78% and 289.02 kW·h·t−1, respectively. The morphologies of Sn powders are gradually transformed from dendritic (27–43 μm) to tower cone-shaped and pagoda-shaped (40–155 μm) with the increasing of reaction temperature. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of the as-prepared Sn electrodeposits as anodes for lithium ion batteries are also discussed. The Sn electrode obtained at 313 K in ChCl-EG DES, with uniform morphology and the finest size, shows a high discharge capacity of 1050 mA·h·g−1 at 0.1 A·g−1.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Jiangwen Xu,Hongyi Li,Jinxu Song,Haotian Li,Wenyuan Zhou,Jinshu Wang
Chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is a critical electrochemical process in the chlor-alkali industry and water treatment, yet conventional ruthenium (Ru)-based electrodes suffer from severe structural instability under operating conditions. This study proposes an orbital-engineered self-regulating strategy by tailoring the electronic configuration of RuO2 through tin (Sn) doping. The resulting Sn/RuO2 nanocatalyst achieves exceptional stability over 800 h at an industrial current density of 1 A cm–2, significantly surpassing RuO2 catalyst (∼100 h), while maintaining good activity and selectivity (97.9%). Both experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the orbital hybridization improves p–d coupling between Ru 4d and Sn 5s/5p states by incorporating Sn. This specific orbital interaction triggers a concerted electron density redistribution, which weakens the Ru–O bond by modulating its π* orbital occupancy, lowering the energy barrier for chlorine intermediate adsorption, while simultaneously enhances the antibonding orbital of the Sn–O bond, strengthening its covalent character and effectively anchoring the lattice oxygen against anodic dissolution. The Ru–O–Sn bridge serves as an efficient electron feedback channel that establishes a favorable electronic structure for sustained catalysis, which suppresses Ru overoxidation and maintains stable electronic states throughout prolonged electrolysis. This work establishes an orbital engineering paradigm for designing high-performance nanocatalysts, demonstrating that deliberate modulation of electronic orbitals via strategic doping offers a practical route to simultaneously achieve high activity and exceptional durability under demanding industrial conditions.
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Energy Materials
·
2026
·
IF 25.5
Wendong Zhu,Qiuxiang Wang,Haoming Xing,Jing Zhang,Yuanyuan Wang,Yuhong Xu,Jiaxing Xiong,Rong Xuan,Wenwu Xu,Da Chen,Xiaohui Liu,Like Huang,Yuejin Zhu,Changlei Wang
Solution-processed SnO 2 nanoparticles are promising nonfullerene electron transport materials, yet their performance in low-bandgap (LBG) tin-lead perovskite solar cells (Sn-Pb PSCs) is hindered by inadequate charge transport and interface energy misalignment. To address these issues, we developed a SnO 2 -graphene quantum dot (GQD) electron transport layer (ETL) by functionalizing solution-processed SnO 2 with GQDs. Both theory calculations and experiments indicate the electron-bridging role of GQDs in perovskite/GQD-SnO 2 heterojunction, greatly facilitating directional charge transfer. Moreover, GQDs play a dual role by passivating defects on both SnO 2 and perovskite surfaces, while optimizing the energy level alignment at this critical interface. Consequently, the optimized LBG Sn-Pb PSCs exhibit significantly enhanced voltage and fill factor, achieving a champion efficiency of 23.38% with robust stability under ISOS-L-1 and ISOS-D-2 protocols. When integrated into all-perovskite tandem solar cells, the optimized device delivers a promising efficiency of 29.40%. This work enables the first viable inorganic ETL for realizing high-performance Sn-Pb PSC and its tandem applications.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 7.1
Qingqing Xu,Qian Zou,Lei Zheng,Dongming Lan,Menglei Yan,Weifei Wang,Yonghua Wang
A rapid, reduced-error sn -2 fatty acid determination method is vital. • A separation-free method for sn -2 fatty acid composition was built. • Validation for new method was done by comparison with conventional method. Positional distribution of fatty acids determines the nutritional value of edible oils, and can be reflected by the sn -2 fatty acid composition. Traditional determination methods generally involve three steps: hydrolysis, separation, and gas chromatography analysis. The separation process is complex and consumes large amounts of organic solvents. To address this issue, we developed a separation-free method. In this approach, triacylglycerol oils were first hydrolyzed by a sn -1,3 regioselective lipase, which retains the first step of the traditional method. The fatty acids originally esterified at the sn -2 position are retained and form 2-monoacylglycerol, and the 2-monoacylglycerol composition has conventionally been considered as the sn -2 fatty acid composition. However, we also took into account that the majority of 1-monoacylglycerol in the hydrolysate actually originate from acyl migration of 2-monoacylglycerol. We propose that the fatty acid composition of monoacylglycerols in the hydrolysate directly represents the sn -2 fatty acid composition. A UPLC-Q-TOF-MS-based method for directly determining the composition of monoacylglycerols was developed, with mass spectrometry parameters and formic acid concentration in the mobile phase optimized, followed by method validation. Finally, the new method was applied to various triacylglycerol oils and compared with the traditional method to confirm its validity.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2026
·
IF 5.4
Lin Yue,Xiaoyun Han,Shiqi Xing,Wang Liang,Yanfang Liu,Yushan Zhang,Yonghui Han
Ag was loaded onto Sn-PTA-MI by the photodeposition method. • Dark reaction experiment confirms Sn-PTA-MI/Ag has the “memory catalysis” effect. • “Memory catalysis” effect boosted by free radical chain reaction from released electrons. • Alternating light-dark reaction enhances utilization efficiency of photogenerated carriers. • PDOS spectroscopy confirms strong interaction between Ag atoms and N, C atoms. A Sn-PTA-MI/Ag photocatalyst with “memory catalysis” effect was prepared by the photodeposition method to load Ag onto Sn-based metal-organic framework (MOF), and the “memory catalysis” effect was confirmed by photoreaction, dark reaction, and alternating light-dark reaction experiments. Under photoreaction, the degradation efficiency of methyl orange (MO) catalyzed by Sn-PTA-MI/Ag reached 90.7% in 60 min. The pre-illumination activation of the Sn-PTA-MI/Ag catalyst facilitated the storage of photogenerated electrons, which are released under dark reaction conditions and subsequently participate in MO degradation. Meanwhile, the “memory catalysis” effect can be significantly enhanced through the free radical chain reaction triggered by the released electrons under dark reaction. The alternating light-dark reaction process achieves continuous degradation of MO, and compared to traditional photocatalytic reactions, the degradation effect of MO is improved by approximately 10%. Projected density of states (PDOS) and Fermi level analysis indicate that strong interactions exist between Ag atoms and N, C atoms, confirming that the optimization of electronic properties and the enhancement of charge separation in the Sn-PTA-MI/Ag system are the main reasons for the increase in activity. This study provides a strategy for the continuous degradation of pollutants, which is of great significance for sustainable environmental remediation. Download: Download high-res image (180KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Li Mingzhao,Cui Kaihua,Liu Xinyu,Wang Jing,Yao Shaowei
Alloy anode materials are susceptible to significant volume changes during charging and discharging, which lead to poor cycling performance. However, materials derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can effectively mitigate this problem. The carbon skeleton not only supports the structure and buffers volume changes but also enhances electronic conductivity, thereby improving the sodium storage performance of the anode. In this study, a Sn-based metal–organic framework (Sn-MOF) was synthesized using a co-precipitation method. Anode materials derived from Sn-MOF with a porous structure were obtained by varying the heat treatment temperature. An increased number of pores in the material not only alleviates volume changes but also enhances the contact area between the electrode material and the electrolyte, thus providing more active sites for sodium storage. Among the various materials studied, the Sn-MOF-800 electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. When utilized as an anode material in sodium-ion half-cells, it maintains a specific capacity of 451.43 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g −1 , and a specific capacity of 477.7 mAh g −1 after 250 cycles at a current density of 500 mA g −1 , demonstrating remarkable cycling stability. This paper serves as a valuable reference for the design of simple and cost-effective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Ping Chen,Xiao-Ping Zhou
Room temperature liquid metals, such as galinstan, have emerged as promising candidates for stretchable and deformable electronics due to their superior fluidity and electrical conductivity. While incorporating metallic fillers can impart magnetism, the interfacial alloying reaction between galinstan and metals often compromises the stability and properties of the resulting composites. In this study, an in situ chemical reduction plating method is proposed to modify nickel (Ni) particles at room temperature. By depositing a tin (Sn) shell onto the Ni surface, Ni@Sn core–shell nanoparticles are synthesized and subsequently dispersed into a liquid metal (LM) to form liquid metal-based Ni@Sn magnetic suspensions (LMNSs). First principles calculations of the interfacial binding energy and electron localization function (ELF) elucidate the interfacial stability and bonding mechanism within the Ni@Sn structure. The Sn shell effectively shields the Ni core from corrosion by the liquid metal matrix. Flexible circuits fabricated from the LMNS composite exhibit outstanding electromechanical performance, including a high gauge factor (GF = 9.06 at 200% strain) and excellent stretchability (up to 200%). Furthermore, the LMNS demonstrates significant potential for applications in supercooled soft intelligent sensing, patterning, and magnetic manipulation. This work provides a facile strategy for the development of magnetic liquid metals with appealing properties and broad application prospects.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 9.6
Lu Zhang,Ning Guo,Xinyang Liu,Qianqian Liu,Dongxu Jiao,Yingjie Wu,Song Liu
Pressure engineering overcomes CO 2 mass-transfer limitations and enhances eCO 2 RR performance. • SnN 4 single-atom catalysts achieve 85% FE HCOOH and high current density under 5 MPa CO 2 . • In situ IR and DFT reveal pressure-induced *OCHO stabilization for selective formate production. Electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO 2 RR) in aqueous media is fundamentally constrained by the low solubility of CO 2 , leading to limited current densities and poor product selectivity. Herein, we have developed tin single-atom catalysts (Sn-SACs) featuring well-defined SnN 4 coordination as a platform to systematically investigate the influence of CO 2 pressure on reaction kinetics and selectivity. Elevating the CO 2 pressure to 5 MPa markedly enhances mass transport, achieving a Faradaic efficiency for formate of 85% at −1.1 V vs. RHE with high current density, in stark contrast to 11.5% under 0.1 MPa. In situ attenuated total reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) reveals that high pressure favors the formation of *OCHO intermediates, thereby redirecting the reaction pathway toward formate production. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate that increased local CO 2 concentration stabilizes the *OCHO transition state and lowers the associated energy barrier. This work has established that pressure engineering as an effective strategy to decouple mass transport, activity, and selectivity in eCO 2 RR, underscoring the promise of high-pressure electrochemistry for efficient CO 2 conversion. Download: Download high-res image (304KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Yuchen Peng,Weizhuo Xu,Weipeng Li,Langrong Hu,Kai Liu,Bingjie Zhou,Qiujin Shi,Wei Liu
Introducing SiW 12 as a multifunctional redox mediator enables uniform Sn deposition. • SiW 12 chemically dissolves “dead Sn”, while its reduced state can be regenerated on the electrode. • The kinetic rate constant of SiW 12 is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of commercial vanadium systems. • The battery delivers stable cycling for 350 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% and no capacity decay. Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are promising technologies for grid-scale energy storage. However, metal-based ARFB systems suffer from severe capacity fading caused by the accumulation of inactive “dead metal”. Herein, we report a multifunctional polyoxometalate redox mediator, silicotungstic acid (H 4 SiW 12 O 40 , SiW 12 ), which simultaneously regulates uniform Sn deposition and oxidatively dissolves dead Sn in acidic Sn–iodine (Sn I) flow batteries. Mechanistically, reduced SiW 12 (SiW 12 (Re)) guides Sn 2+ to form a more uniform deposition layer via an optimized solvation structure and interfacial coordination. Meanwhile, SiW 12 oxidizes dead Sn into soluble Sn 2+ with fast electron transfer, and SiW 12 (Re) can be in situ regenerated on the electrode for continuous reuse. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the kinetic rate constant of SiW 12 is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the commercial vanadium redox couple. The as-assembled Sn I flow battery delivers stable cycling over 350 cycles at 50 mA cm −2 , with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% and negligible capacity decay. Post-cycling characterizations confirm the complete elimination of dead Sn from both the electrode and electrolyte. This redox mediation strategy is generalizable to other polyoxometalate systems, providing a universal pathway to address the dead-metal challenge and realize long-life, high-efficiency metal-based flow batteries. Download: Download high-res image (80KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 7.4
Nina Pei,Guangtong Sun,Danyang Li,Jinge Gao,Ruoxuan Huang,Xinyu Wang,Qiongqiong Lu
A NaF-Sn hybrid interfacial layer with a bottom-enriched Sn gradient is constructed on sodium metal anodes. • The Sn gradient forms a sodiophilic nucleation zone that enables regulated bottom-up Na deposition. • A homogeneous NaF matrix provides a robust artificial SEI with suppressed side reactions. • The synergistic gradient alloy–fluoride architecture effectively suppresses dendrite growth. • Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 ||NaF-Sn@Na full cells deliver ultra-long cycling stability (23,000 cycles at 20C, 83.5% capacity retention). Sodium metal represents a promising anode for high-energy batteries, yet it is plagued by an unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite formation. Herein, we construct a hybrid interfacial layer on sodium metal that features a substrate-enriched Sn gradient and a homogeneous NaF matrix (denoted as NaF-Sn@Na). Within this architecture, the Sn concentration increases toward the Na metal substrate, forming a sodiophilic nucleation zone with a graded Sn distribution that drives uniform Na deposition outward from the substrate. Furthermore, homogeneously dispersed NaF endows the interfacial layer with robust mechanical strength and acts as a barrier between the electrolyte and sodium anode, thereby mitigating parasitic side reactions. The gradient Sn layer alleviates alloying-induced volume expansion and inhibits the fragmentation of nucleation sites, whereas the homogeneous NaF matrix sustains interfacial mechanical stability and enables fast Na + -ion transport. Benefiting from these structural advantages, NaF-Sn@Na symmetric cells achieve highly reversible Na plating/stripping with low overpotential and outstanding long-term cycling stability. More impressively, the full cell paired with a Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode delivers an ultra-long lifespan of 23,000 cycles at 20 C with a high capacity retention of 83.5%. Notably, it maintains excellent operational stability under low N/P ratio condition. This rationally designed gradient alloy/fluoride hybrid structure provides a feasible and practical pathway toward high-stability sodium metal batteries under harsh operating conditions. Synergistic gradient Sn alloying and homogeneous NaF interphase enable regulated bottom-up sodium nucleation and robust interfacial stability, effectively suppressing dendrite growth and parasitic reactions, achieving ultra-long cycling stability of 23,000 cycles in full cells. Download: Download high-res image (245KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Mengyu Jin,Yuanbo Song,Shijie Wang,Cheng Hou,Xiaoxia Wang,Yang Shi,Zheng Shen,Yalei Zhang
The size dependence of metal nanoparticles is a critical factor affecting catalytic activity, as their geometric and electronic properties vary significantly with size. This study proposes a strategy combining rapid Joule-heating with solid-phase synthesis to prepare Cr/Sn-Beta bimetallic catalysts of various sizes via ultrafast thermal shock (UTS, heating rate: 1850 °C/s) and conventional muffle furnace annealing (MFA, heating rate: 5 °C/min). HRTEM results reveal that the bimetallic particle size of Cr/Sn-Beta catalysts prepared via UTS technique is only 2.55 nm, compared to 6.54 nm for catalysts obtained through conventional MFA method. Combined with XRD, BET, H 2 -TPR, UV–vis and FT-IR characterization, it is further confirmed that the ultra-high heating/cooling rate and second-short heating duration of the UTS method achieved efficient embedding of Cr and Sn within the zeolite micropores, which conferred precise tailoring of the particle size. The correlation between particle size and catalytic activity was investigated using the LA production from cellulose as a model reaction. In this work, the superior size effect of bimetallics nanoparticles prepared by UTS synthesis strategies was emphasized, providing insights into the geometry-activity relationship that will guide the rational design of catalysts in terms of morphology and particle size.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2025
·
IF 7.9
Muhammad Nasir Rafiq,Zhonghua Dai,Yuanyuan Zheng,Xujun Li,Chenxi Liu,Xin Zhao,Yu Cong,Shuitao Gu
Lead-based ceramics with high energy storage and electrical capabilities are developed as high-performance materials for pulsed power systems. The (Pb, Cd, La)(Zr, Sn, Ti)O 3 (PCLZST) anti-ferroelectric ceramics attract significant attention as energy storage materials. In this work, ceramics (Pb 0.97- x Cd x La 0.02 )(Zr 0.93 Sn 0.05 Ti 0.02 )O 3 ( x = 0.01, 0.015, 0.02 and 0.025) have been prepared using a solid-state method, and their dielectric and energy storage characteristics are investigated. The results indicate that Cd 2+ doping at the A-site effectively suppresses grain growth, leading to a minimum average grain size of 1.24 μm in PCLZST ceramics. The PCLZST ceramics exhibit orthorhombic phases and high relaxation factors, confirming their excellent antiferroelectric nature. Notably, the energy storage density of PCLZST ceramics is 10.09 J/cm 3 , the recoverable energy storage density is 7.79 J/cm 3 , and the discharge time is 0.102 μs reflecting optimal comprehensive performance. These findings emphasize the efficacy of Cd-doped PLZST ceramics in advanced energy storage and pulse power systems, underscoring their potential to drive future technological advancements.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）