ChemistrySelect
·
2026
·Vol. 11
·期 18
·e73387
·
IF 2.3
Zhixue Zhang,Zheng Zhuang,Jingzhong Duan,Xuen Guo,Hailin Cong,Bing Yu,Hao Hu,Kai Wang
To address the critical issues of poor biocompatibility and phototoxicity in traditional UV-shielding materials, a functionalized chitosan derivative (CS-MCD) featuring unsaturated aldehyde conjugated moieties was successfully prepared by covalently grafting trans-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (MCD) onto chitosan (CS) via a Schiff base reaction. The conjugated structure of MCD enables CS-MCD to exhibit strong UV absorption in the range of 280-350 nm, thereby delivering efficient UV-shielding performance. Meanwhile, CS not only improves the water dispersibility of the composite but also mitigates the potential toxicity of MCD while enhancing its biocompatibility. Furthermore, CS-MCD displays prominent antioxidant activity and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . This simple, green preparation strategy endows CS-MCD with great application potential in skin protection, implant surface modification, wound dressings, and packaging materials. Graphical To address UV radiation-induced damage to biological tissues and products, as well as drawbacks (poor biocompatibility, phototoxicity) of conventional UV blockers, a kind of functional macromolecule (CS-MCD) was fabricated by grafting molecules containing conjugated unsaturated aldehyde onto chitosan via a Schiff base reaction. CS-MCD exhibits strong UV absorption at 280–350 nm, along with prominent reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, excellent water dispersibility, low toxicity, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity with great potential for skin protection, implant surface modification, and tissue engineering.
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CELLULOSE
·
2026
·
IF 4.6
Shi Qiu,Li Gang,Qin Hongmei,Shi Zhuqun,Xiong Chuanxi,Yang Quanling
Traditional cellulose films lack both effective UV-shielding and durable flame-retardant properties, limiting their use in transparent packaging and protective. In this study, a highly transparent, UV-shielding, and flame-retardant cellulose composite film was fabricated via a solvent-exchange route. Water-insoluble triphenyl phosphate (TPP) flame retardant was diffused through ethanol into regenerated cellulose (RC) gel prepared by NaOH/urea/H 2 O low temperature dissolving system, followed by post-treatment with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) ethanol solution to improve the compatibility between TPP and RC and drying. The obtained PNSi-RC films exhibit visible-light transmittance exceeding 85% and demonstrate improvement in UV shielding capability. Moreover, the PNSi 7 -RC film achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29 and a UL-94 V-0 rating, exhibiting good flame-retardant property. The films remained largely consistent flame-retardant performance after water exposure for 24 h, and the LOI values were almost no changes. This simple strategy can be scalable to the preparation process of other films for green flame-retardant packaging and protective.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Jinling Luo,Caiyun Wu,Changwei Tan,Ling Bai,Xinzhou Wu
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) hold significant promise for applications in smart windows and flexible displays due to their tunable optical properties and low energy consumption. The electrolyte, serving as the critical ionic transport medium between the working and counter electrodes, fundamentally governs device stability, response kinetics, and operational lifetime. Herein, we report novel UV-crosslinked solid-state poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) electrolytes. The amorphous structure of PMMA enables the electrolyte to achieve relatively high ionic conductivity and excellent optical transparency, which, when combined with the mechanically robust three-dimensional network of PEGDA, further amplifies PMMA's advantages. This rationally designed electrolyte architecture achieves a remarkable combination of high ionic conductivity (0.045 mS cm-1), wide electrochemical stability window (2 V), exceptional optical transparency (transmittance >90%), and superior mechanical flexibility, and effectively addresses the film-forming challenges and interfacial instability issues associated with conventional polymer electrolytes. The fabricated ECDs (2 × 2 cm2) exhibit high optical contrast (ΔT = 39%), rapid response times (coloring/bleaching times of 0.5 s/0.6 s), high coloration efficiency (2200 cm2 C-1), and exceptional cycling stability (After 10,000 cycles, the ΔT decreased by only 6%, and the switching time remained approximately 1 s.), and excellent temperature stability. CYM trichromatic ECDs enable full-color display. Furthermore, the flexible devices maintain over 90% of their initial ΔT after 2000 bending cycles at a radius of 15 mm. They also demonstrate good compatibility with inkjet printing processes, and large-area devices (10 × 10 cm2) fabricated using this method exhibit excellent electrochromic performance. This work provides a viable pathway toward the practical realization of large-area, patterned, and flexible ECDs.
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WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2026
·Vol. 237
·期 17
·1016
·
IF 3.5
Xie Qingsong,Yang Qiang,Meng Lingyuan,Liang Jilin,Song Tiehong,Gao Yanjiao
The global contamination of aquatic environments by pharmaceutical residues presents new challenges for water treatment due to their recalcitrant nature. The periodate advanced oxidation process offers a novel research direction for removing such recalcitrant contaminants. This study investigated the treatment of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a typical antibiotic pharmaceutical in water, using ultraviolet (UV)-activated periodate (PI) oxidation. The effects of UV intensity, pH, and PI concentration on SMX degradation were first examined. Subsequently, the reaction mechanism and degradation pathways of SMX were analyzed using a combination of chemical probe techniques, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Additionally, the Fukui function was applied to predict the reactive sites of SMX, and ECOSAR software was used to assess the ecological safety of SMX degradation products. Finally, the degradation efficacy of the UV/PI process on other recalcitrant organic compounds was evaluated. The results showed that under optimal reaction conditions (UV intensity = 9.94 mW/cm 2 , pH = 5, PI = 2.5 mM, t = 60 min), 94.7% of SMX was removed. This was caused by several reactive species, including iodate radicals (IO₃•), superoxide radicals (O₂•⁻), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O₂), among which IO₃• played a major role. According to f⁰ values, C1, N4, C9, O10, C14, N17, S8, and H28 of SMX were identified as major reactive sites. SMX was degraded via four pathways into low-toxicity intermediates. Furthermore, the UV/PI could efficiently remove tetracycline, acetaminophen, oxytetracycline, and norfloxacin within 30 min. This study provides valuable references for related research on PI-based advanced oxidation processes.
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BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF ETHIOPIA
·
2026
·Vol. 40
·期 11
·2347-2359
·
IF 2.6
Haitao Yu,Aiguo Yuan,Jieqiong Zhou,Laxiang Yang
Antibiotic residues in water present significant ecological and public health challenges, necessitating the development of efficient advanced oxidation processes. The present study investigated a novel vacuum ultraviolet/ultraviolet/persulfate (VUV/UV/PS) process for degrading sulfamethazine (SMN), a representative sulfonamide antibiotic, in water. SMN degradation was assessed under UV, UV/PS, VUV/UV, and VUV/UV/PS conditions. All processes exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics, with apparent rate constants of 0.12, 0.28, 0.25, and 0.52 min‒1, respectively. The VUV/UV/PS process achieved near-complete SMN removal (99.4%) within 10 min, surpassing the performance of UV/PS (94.4%) and VUV/UV (91.7%). Quenching by tert-butanol and methanol decreased the apparent rate constant to 0.31 and 0.16 min‒1, respectively, indicating the contributions of both hydroxyl radicals and sulfate radicals. The degradation rate increased with persulfate concentration but approached saturation above 5 mM. Higher initial SMN concentrations inhibited the reaction kinetics, while mildly acidic conditions enhanced degradation. Chloride and sulfate had minimal effects, whereas nitrate, bicarbonate, and particularly natural organic matter significantly inhibited degradation. Analysis of transformation products indicated three concurrent pathways: N–S bond cleavage, hydroxylation, and oxidation, followed by further oxidation of intermediates. These findings demonstrate the VUV/UV/PS process as a rapid and mechanistically robust approach for SMN removal in water treatment.
KEY WORDS: Sulfamethazine, Degradation, Vacuum ultraviolet, Persulfate, Radicals
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2026, 40(11), 2347-2359
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v40i11.5
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BIOMACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Deshuo Wang,Wenze Xiao,Susu Yan,Zipeng Wang,Junnan Ma,Shoujing Sun,Jianjiang He,Jingjiang Sun,Qingfu Wang,Yanan Li,Wei Zhao
Dual-modal 19F/1H MRI probes often suffer from hydrophobic aggregation caused by high fluorine content, limiting their solubility and imaging performance. Herein, a water-soluble dual-modal probe (PFCP-Gd) was developed by grafting fluorinated phosphocholine zwitterions and Gd3+ chelates onto a UV-responsive polymer via RAFT polymerization and ring-opening reactions. The design enables UV-triggered paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) modulation, allowing for activatable 19F/1H MRI contrast. Upon UV irradiation, PFCP-Gd exhibited a significantly enhanced 19F signal with a T2 relaxation time of 23 ms and a signal-to-noise ratio of 11.34 at 12 mM 19F. The probe also showed good biocompatibility and an efficient cellular uptake. This work provides a strategy for constructing water-soluble, activatable fluorinated MRI probes for dual-mode imaging.
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Chen Zhou,Anxin Lin,Tenghui Tang,Min Zhang,Longqiang Xiao,Rui Zhao,Linxi Hou
A series of fluoroalkyl-functionalized and polymerizable photoinitiators were designed by integrating interfacial enrichment and covalent anchoring into a single molecular platform. • Fluoroalkyl segments induce spontaneous interfacial enrichment, thereby effectively enhancing resistance to oxygen inhibition during UV photopolymerization. • Polymerizable double bonds enable covalent incorporation into polymer networks, significantly suppressing post-curing migration of residual photoinitiators. • A structure, property, and kinetics relationship dependent on fluorine content was established, providing design principles for high-performance photoinitiators. UV photopolymerization is widely used in coatings, 3D printing, and biomedical materials due to its high efficiency and low energy consumption. However, Irgacure 2959, a representative Type I photoinitiator, suffers from oxygen inhibition and migration of residual species, limiting its practical applications. Herein, Irgacure 2959 was used as a molecular scaffold and structurally modified to construct a series of fluoroalkyl-functionalized polymerizable derivatives (2959-IA-nF, n = 0–5) by introducing vinyl polymerizable groups and tunable fluoroalkyl segments, enabling coupled interfacial transport and covalent immobilization. The effects of fluorine content on photolysis behavior, interfacial migration, oxygen tolerance, polymerization kinetics, and extraction stability were systematically investigated. All fluorinated derivatives exhibit higher photolysis rates than Irgacure 2959. Driven by reduced surface energy, 2959-IA-nF spontaneously migrates to the gas-liquid interface, with increasing migration flux as fluorine content rises, thereby mitigating oxygen inhibition. Polymerization kinetics show a volcano-type dependence on fluorine content, with 2959-IA-3F exhibiting the highest apparent rate constant (0.1209 s −1 ), approximately threefold that of 2959. Vinyl groups enable covalent incorporation into the polymer network, reducing extraction in acetonitrile from 21.43% to <1.5% and decreasing aqueous UV absorbance by over one order of magnitude. Density functional theory reveals lower excitation free energy for 2959-IA-3F, facilitating intersystem crossing and efficient photolysis despite a higher cleavage barrier. The cured films exhibit reduced yellowing, tunable hydrophobicity, and improved elongation at break. This work demonstrates a coupled interfacial transport-reaction strategy for oxygen-tolerant, low-migration photoinitiators. Download: Download high-res image (159KB) Download: Download full-size image
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Jiaqi Lu,Shan Li,Xiwu Huang,Chi Gao,Xueqiang Ji,Lili Yang,Libin Guo,Zeng Liu,Weihua Tang
Self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors (UVPDs) based on low-cost and high-efficiency hybrid heterojunctions hold great potential for next-generation optoelectronics because their strong built-in electric fields enable rapid carrier separation without external bias. However, simultaneously achieving high responsivity and fast response remains a persistent challenge. In this work, a high-performance self-powered UVPD is realized by introducing silver nanowires (AgNWs) into the PEDOT:PSS layer to form a GaN/PEDOT:PSS-Ag nanowires (AgNWs) hybrid heterojunction. Compared with the pristine GaN/PEDOT:PSS device, the AgNWs-modified PD exhibits a 40% enhancement in self-powered photodetection performance. Under 365-nm illumination, the device delivers a great responsivity of 1.4 A/W, a superior detectivity of $1\times 10^{{13}}$ Jones, and a notable external quantum efficiency as high as 476%. The response speed is also markedly boosted, with the rise and decay times shortened to 52.9 and 84.3 ms, representing reductions of 59% and 73%, respectively. Detailed analysis reveals that the incorporated AgNWs increase the electrical conductivity of the PEDOT:PSS layer and construct highly efficient carrier-transport channels that accelerate carrier transfer, thereby promoting multiple exciton generation (MEG) effect. These findings provide a feasible strategy for improving the self-powered photodetection performance of organic–inorganic hybrid heterojunction UVPDs.
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iScience
·
2025
·Vol. 28
·期 7
·112867
·
IF 4.1
Yiyang Gao,Qihao Jiang,Yanming Liu
This study introduces a UV-curing resin leveraging the Christiansen effect to achieve dynamic color modulation in phase-separated elastomers (PSE) through solvent composition and temperature control. By matching refractive indices between solvent (dimethyl phthalate/tributyl citrate) and polymer phases, PSE selectively transmits-specific wavelengths, enabling continuous color shifts from red to purple. The elastomers exhibit robust mechanical properties (>600% elongation, >300 kPa modulus) and function across a broad temperature range (−25°C–130°C). Compatible with 3D printing, the resin enables real-time solvent adjustments during fabrication, supporting spatially continuous color transitions without parameter modifications. This approach advances applications in adaptive optical devices, temperature-responsive displays, and multi-material 3D printing, offering a dye-free strategy for structural coloration in smart materials. Chemistry; Materials science; Physics
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PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2025
·
IF 7.8
Caihong Qin,Xiaoge Zhang,Peng Zhang,Jiayu Huang,Rongrong Liu,Tong Wang
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology has emerged as a promising approach for the control of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) due to its high degradation efficiency and operational simplicity. However, practical application is constrained by secondary ozone (O₃) emissions and incomplete degradation of CVOCs to CO 2 and HCl. To address these limitations, a liquid-phase UV system was integrated downstream of the NTP reactor to convert O₃ into reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby enhancing DCM mineralization. The results showed that the degradation efficiency (DE) and mineralization rate (MR) of DCM in the NTP+UV(L) system reached 83.5% and 73.9%, respectively, which were markedly elevated compared to those of the NTP system (DE: 17.3%, MR: 20.9%) and the UV(L) system (DE: 28.7%, MR: 36.1%). The synergistic effect in this combined system was attributed to the activation of O 3 into hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide ions (·O 2 - ) by UV light in the solution for the deep oxidation of DCM. The chlorine in DCM was converted into chloride ions (Cl - ) and trapped in the solution. Finally, the reaction pathways of DCM within the NTP+UV(L) system were inferred by detecting organic intermediates in both the gas and liquid phases. This novel combined NTP+UV(L) system represents a potential method for DCM degradation.
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DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Zhenyu Dai,Jinchan Zhao,Bojun Zhang,Yizhuo Li,Mingliang Zhang,Rui Jiang,Shiliang Mei,Wanlu Zhang,Sinong Wang,Ruiqian Guo
Artworks are important cultural heritage, yet they face degradation from several factors, among which ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a pervasive threat. It degrades colorant in artworks and causes irreversible discoloration. Although protective coatings have been reported, including polymer-inorganic nanocomposites such as Poly(lactic acid) or silane matrices with TiO 2 (Titanium dioxide) and ZnO (Zinc oxide) nanoparticles, inexpensive, safe, effective, and stable methods are still needed, particularly against the degradation of modern artists' paints such as azo-based ones. In this study, carbon dots (CDs) are synthesized by a simple microwave-assisted method. By compounding with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), a CDs-doped PVA film with excellent UV absorption and visible light transmission is prepared. An azo-based commercial paint (Marie's brand) with significant discoloration is chosen to evaluate the protective effect. Painted samples, either covered with a layer of CDs-doped PVA film or left uncoated, are subjected to artificial UV aging, during which changes in paint composition, chromophores, and color are characterized. The CDs-doped PVA film effectively absorbs UV light and slows down discoloration and chromophore degradation (N N, C O, O–H), with a protection factor as high as 84.0 %. This provides a non-invasive, easy-to-use method to protect artworks' colors from UV-induced degradation without affecting their appearance.
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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Mingyu Wu,Fanjun Yu,Haoran Wang,Zhe Qiu,Tianpeng Zhang,Zefang Xiao,Yanjun Xie
The development of efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective multifunctional wood coatings is crucial for enhancing the sustainable utilization of wood resources. Herein, we report a water-based dual-functional coating (PUL) that integrates phytic acid, urea, and sodium lignosulfonate into a polyaspartic ester (PAE) resin matrix via a two-step brush-coating strategy, enabling concurrent flame retardancy and UV resistance. Micro-scale combustion calorimetry revealed that, compared to conventional PAE coatings, the PUL coating reduced the peak heat release rate by 13.47%, increased the char residue by 70.38%, and significantly lowered the emission of toxic gases. Notably, all coated wood samples exhibited self-extinguishing behavior within 10 s under direct butane flame exposure. Further analysis of pyrolysis gas-phase products and post-combustion condensed-phase structures confirmed the synergistic flame-retardant mechanism between phytic acid-urea and sodium lignosulfonate. Additionally, thanks to the aromatic ring structure and the UV-absorbing chromophores and auxochromes in lignosulfonate, the PUL-coated wood demonstrated excellent UV resistance after 336 h of accelerated UV aging, effectively suppressing color change on the wood surface and maintaining structural stability. This study presents a biomass-based flame-retardant and UV-resistant dual-functional wood coating system, providing a novel strategy for the development of environmentally friendly protective coatings for wood applications.
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