Nature Communications
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2021
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 14.919
Han Shiguo,Li Maofan,Liu Yi,Guo Wuqian,Hong Mao-Chun,Sun Zhihua,Luo Junhua
In terms of strong light-polarization coupling, ferroelectric materials with bulk photovoltaic effects afford a promising avenue for optoelectronic devices. However, due to severe polarization deterioration caused by leakage current of photoexcited carriers, most of ferroelectrics are merely capable of absorbing 8–20% of visible-light spectra. Ferroelectrics with the narrow bandgap (<2.0 eV) are still scarce, hindering their practical applications. Here, we present a lead-iodide hybrid biaxial ferroelectric, (isopentylammonium) 2 (ethylammonium) 2 Pb 3 I 10 , which shows large spontaneous polarization (~5.2 μC/cm 2 ) and a narrow direct bandgap (~1.80 eV). Particularly, the symmetry breaking of 4/ mmm F mm 2 species results in its biaxial attributes, which has four equivalent polar directions. Accordingly, exceptional in-plane photovoltaic effects are exploited along the crystallographic [001] and [010] axes directions inside the crystallographic bc -plane. The coupling between ferroelectricity and photovoltaic effects endows great possibility toward self-driven photodetection. This study sheds light on future optoelectronic device applications.
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Nanomaterials
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 5
·962
·
IF 4.324
Xianwei Meng,Kailin Chi,Qian Li,Yu Cao,Gengxin Song,Bao Liu,Haibin Yang,Wuyou Fu
As one of the most frequently-used electron-transporting materials, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (m-TiO2) film used in mesoporous structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be employed for the scaffold of the perovskite film and as a pathway for electron transport, and the contact area between the perovskite and m-TiO2directly determines the comprehensive performance of the PSCs. Because of the substandard interface combining quality between the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr2and m-TiO2, the development of the mesoporous structured CsPbIBr2PSCs synthesized by the one-step method is severely limited. Here, we used a solution containing PbI2, monoethanolamine (EA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (PED) as the interfacial modifier to enhance the contact area and modify the m-TiO2/CsPbIBr2contact characteristics. Comparatively, the performance of the solar device based on the PED-modified m-TiO2layer has improved considerably, and its power conversion efficiency is up to 6.39%.Keywords:all-inorganic perovskite;CsPbIBr2;solar cell;mesoporous structure;interfacial modification
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CLAYS AND CLAY MINERALS
·
2021
·Vol. 69
·期 6
·759-771
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IF 1.609
Yu Wei Hua,Liu Jia Hui,Wang Min,Li Na,Zhang Jun Rui,Huang Tian Hao,Zhou Chun Hui
Organo-montmorillonite (OMnt) has wide applications in paints, clay-polymer nanocomposites, biomaterials, etc. In most cases, the dispersibility and swellability of OMnt dictate the performance of OMnt in the target products. Previous studies have revealed that the properties can be improved when multiple organic species are co-introduced into the interlayer space of montmorillonite (Mnt). In the present study, single surfactant erucylamide (EA), dual-surfactants cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and octadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC), and ternary-surfactants EA, CTAB, and OTAC were co-introduced into Mnt by solution intercalation. The resulting OMnts were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry-differential thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), water contact-angle tests, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), laser particle-size analysis, and swelling indices. Mnt co-modified by ternary CTAB, OTAC, and EA led to a large d 001 value (4.20 nm), surface hydrophobicity with a contact angle of 95.6°, swellability (50 mL/g) with small average particle sizes (2.1−2.8 μm) in xylene, and >99% of the OMnt particles were kept as <5 μm in deionized water. The formation of EA-modified-Mnt was proposed according to hydrophobic affinity, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. The nanoplatelets of the CTA + , OTA + , and EA co-modified OMnts in xylene were assembled into a house-of-cards structure by face-to-edge and edge-to-edge associations. The electrostatic attractions, electrostatic and steric repulsions, and hydrophobic interactions were responsible for the good dispersibility of OMnt in xylene. The ternary surfactant co-modified OMnt with high dispersion and swellability will make OMnt better suited for real-world applications.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2021
·Vol. 33
·期 49
·2104872
·
IF 30.849
Xiaokai Xu,Luoqi Mo,Yadong Li,Xiaoqin Pan,Guangqi Hu,Bingfu Lei,Xuejie Zhang,Mingtao Zheng,Jianle Zhuang,Yingliang Liu,Chaofan Hu
As one of the most promising fluorescent nanomaterials, the fluorescence of carbon dots (CDs) in solution is extensively studied. Nevertheless, the synthesis of multicolor solid-state fluorescence (SSF) CDs is rarely reported. Herein, CDs with multicolor aggregation-induced emission are prepared using amine molecules, all of them exhibiting dual fluorescence emission at 480 nm (Em-1) and 580–620 nm (Em-2), which is related to the S S bonds of dithiosalicylic acid and the conjugated structure attached to CO/CN bonds, respectively. As a strong electron-withdrawing group, the increase of CN content makes dual-fluorescent groups on the surface of CDs produce push and pull electrons, which determines intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between the double emission. With the increase in CN content from 35.6% to 58.4%, the ICT efficiency increases from 8.71% to 45.94%, changing the fluorescence of CDs from green to red. The increase of ICT efficiency causes fluorescence quantum yield enhancement by nearly five times and redshift of the fluorescence peak. Finally, based on the multicolor luminescence properties induced by the aggregation of CDs, pattern encryption and white-LED devices are realized. Based on the fat solubility and strong ultraviolet absorption characteristics of CDs, fingerprint detection and leaf anti-UV hazards are applied.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2021
·
IF 8.198
Tingting Zhong,Lei Shi,Huiying Hao,Jingjing Dong,Kunpeng Tang,Xiang Xu,Shindume Lomboleni Hamukwaya,Hao Liu,Jie Xing
In order to further promote the commercial application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), it is particularly important to fabricate devices in the ambient air condition. Herein, we explore a simple method to reproduce high-efficiency and stable PSCs using the one-step anti-solvent deposition conducted in the full ambient air. NH4Ac (ammonium acetate), which is green and environmentally friendly, is first introduced into an anti-solvent (ethyl acetate) to enhance the photovoltaic performance and stability of devices. NH4+ causes the intermediate phase to undergo a process of cation exchange, thereby delaying crystallization. Ac– makes the additive and A-site cation form hydrogen bonds, which in turn makes the intermediate phase more stable. The dual effects of NH4+ and Ac– delay the crystallization of the perovskite film, reduce the density of defect states, and decrease the non-radiative recombination of carriers. By optimizing the concentration of NH4Ac, a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.41% and an average PCE of 19.46 ± 0.64% are achieved, which is currently one of the highest efficiencies in fabricating PSCs under the full ambient air condition. Furthermore, the corresponding PSCs without encapsulation can maintain 82% of its initial PCE when stored in full ambient air condition (30–40% RH) for 30 days.
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
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2019
·
IF 2.29
Fangfang Dai,Min Zhao,Minjie Jia
The liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the water + propargyl alcohol (PA) + solvents ternary system were measured at 308.2 K under 101.3 kPa, where solvents refer to ethyl acetate, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl isobutyl carbinol and chloroform. The tie lines were displayed in ternary phase diagrams. The distribution coefficient and separation factor were calculated according to the measured tie-line data and employed to evaluate the capacity of solvents to extract PA from aqueous solution. The calculation results demonstrated that the selectivity was large enough for the extraction application. Meanwhile, the reliability of the experimental data was confirmed using the Othmer-Tobias and Hand equations. The UNIFAC model was applied for a comparison and predicting the LLE behaviors. The results indicated that the calculated data by UNIFAC model cannot agree well with the experimental ones. The NRTL and UNIQUAC models were used to correlate the experimental data and the binary interaction parameters were regressed. The root mean square deviations of the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were less than 0.6%, indicating that the LLE experimental data can be successfully correlated by the models.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2018
·
IF 5.116
Juanjuan Han,Ying Wu,Jing Pan,Yanqiu Peng,Ying Wang,Chen Chen,Qiyun Pan,Bo Xie,Nian Zhao,Yu Wang,Juntao Lu,Li Xiao,Lin Zhuang
An ideal proton exchange membrane for fuel-cell application should possess excellent dimensional stability, high ionic conductivity and inexpensiveness. Introducing cross-links into the polymer structures is a popular strategy to alleviate the tradeoff between swelling ratio and ionic conductivity of high ion exchange capacity proton exchange membranes. However, the cross-links in these membranes will block the transport of H + , resulting in unfavorable decrease of conductivity. Here we report a systematic study of ac SPEEK-S x membranes with alkyl chain attached ionic cross-links to demonstrate how the unique cross-links can improve both the conductivity and swelling behavior of the materials. Compared to the conventional SPEEK , in addition to high anti-oxidative stability, the ionic conductivity and swelling behavior of the ac SPEEK-S x samples are significantly improved. A high proton conductivity of 101.2 mS cm −1 and a low swelling degree of 15.0% are observed in the ac SPEEK-S 6 membrane at the temperature of 80 °C. Based on the high-performance ac SPEEK-S 6 sample, a peak power density of 750 mW cm −2 is achieved at 60 °C, which is similar or superior to those of Nafion 112 (710 mW cm −2 ) under the same measurement conditions.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
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2012
·
IF 1.58
Mengyin Hou,Yingjie Xu,Yajuan Han,Bin Chen,Wenxia Zhang,Qinghua Ye,Jinzhi Sun
Densities ( ρ ), refractive indices ( n D ) and electrical conductivities ( κ ) of ethylammonium acetate (N2Ac) protic ionic liquid + water and propylammonium acetate (N3Ac) protic ionic liquid + water binary mixtures over the entire composition range were measured at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes ( V E ), apparent molar volumes ( V ϕi ), partial molar volumes ( V ¯ m , i ) and excess partial molar volumes ( V ¯ m , i E ) of the binary mixtures were calculated from the density data. The refractive index deviations (Δ n D ) of the binary mixtures were determined using the refractive index data. The excess molar volumes and refractive index deviations were correlated with the Redlich–Kister equation. The excess molar volumes of the above-mentioned systems are negative over the whole composition range, while the refractive index deviations are positive. The concentration dependence of electrical conductivity was fitted according to the empirical Casteel–Amis equation. The intermolecular interactions and structural effects were analyzed on the basis of the measured and the derived properties.
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MOLECULES
·
2014
·Vol. 19
·期 12
·20157-20169
·
IF 2.095
Caili Dai,Mingyong Du,Yifei Liu,Shilu Wang,Jianhui Zhao,Ang Chen,Dongxu Peng,Mingwei Zhao
Micelles formed by the long-chain piperidinium ionic liquids (ILs)N-alkyl-N-methylpiperidinium bromide of general formula CnPDB (n= 12, 14, 16) in ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) were investigated through surface tension and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. Through surface tension measurements, the critical micelle concentration (cmc), the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (Πcmc), the maximum excess surface concentration (Гmax) and the minimum area occupied per surfactant molecule (Amin) can be obtained. A series of thermodynamic parameters (ΔGm0,ΔHm0andΔSm0) of micellization can be calculated and the results showed that the micellization was entropy-driven. In addition, the DPD simulation was performed to simulate the whole aggregation process behavior to better reveal the micelle formation process.Keywords:aggregation behavior;long-chain piperidinium ionic liquid;surface tension;dissipative particle dynamics
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ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2014
·
IF 4.517
Xiaoyu Mu,Li Qi,Juan Qiao,Xinzheng Yang,Huimin Ma
A chiral ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (CLE-CE) method using Zn(II) as the central ion and l -4-hydroxyproline as the chiral ligand coordinating with γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) was developed for the enantioseparation of amino acids (AAs) and dipeptides. The effects of various separation parameters, including the pH of the running buffer, the ratio of Zn(II) to l -4-hydroxyproline, the concentration of complexes and cyclodextrins (CDs) were systematically investigated. After optimization, it has been found that eight pairs of labeled AAs and six pairs of labeled dipeptides could be baseline-separated with a running electrolyte of 100.0 mM boric acid, 5.0 mM ammonium acetate, 3.0 mM Zn(II), 6.0 mM l -hydroxyproline and 4.0 mM γ-CD at pH 8.2. The quantitation of AAs and dipeptides was conducted and good linearity ( r 2 ≥ 0.997) and favorable repeatability (RSD ≤ 3.6%) were obtained. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied in determining the enantiomeric purity of AAs and dipeptides. Meanwhile, the possible enantiorecognition mechanism based on the synergistic effect of chiral metal complexes and γ-CD was explored and discussed briefly.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2014
·
IF 3.552
Hang Long,Pingxiao Wu,Lin Yang,Zhujian Huang,Nengwu Zhu,Zhixian Hu
Ethylamine modified vermiculite (Ethyl-VER) with high specific surface area and excellent pore structure was prepared to remove cesium from aqueous solution. The physic-chemical properties of the pristine and modified vermiculite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), specific surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscopy/energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The corroding effect of ethylamine increased the specific surface area of vermiculite from 4.35 to 15.59 m 2 g −1 , and the average pore diameter decreased from 6.8 to 5.34 nm. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted as a function of pH, initial Cs + concentration, contact time, coexisting cations (K + , Na + , Ca 2+ ) and low-molecular-weight organic acids (acetic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid) to illustrate the adsorption behavior. The study found that the adsorption capacity of cesium in aqueous solution was improved from 56.92 to 78.17 mg g −1 after modification. The formation of micropores and mesopores and the increased surface area played a critical role in the enhancement of cesium adsorption. Kinetic experiments indicated that the adsorption process can be simulated well with a pseudo-second-order model. The presence of cations or low-molecular-weight organic acids inhibited cesium adsorption in different degrees. On the basis of our results, Ethyl-VER with good surface characteristics and high adsorption capacity is a suitable adsorbent for cesium removal from aqueous solution.
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Small
·
2013
·Vol. 10
·期 5
·964-972
·
IF 7.823
Fangkai Du,Yunhao Min,Fang Zeng,Changming Yu,Shuizhu Wu
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a prominent member of the reactive oxygen species family and plays crucial roles in living organisms, thus detecting H 2 O 2 and elucidating its biological functions has become an important area of biological and biomedical research. Herein, a multifunctional fluorescent nanoprobe is demonstrated for detecting mitochondrial H 2 O 2 . The nanoprobe is prepared by covalently linking a mitochondria-targeting ligand (triphenylphosphonium, TPP) and a H 2 O 2 recognition element (PFl) onto carbon dots (CDs). For this nanoprobe, the CD serves as the carrier and the FRET donor. In the presence of H 2 O 2 , the PFl moieties on a CD undergo structural and spectral conversion, affording the nanoplatform a FRET-based ratiometric probe for H 2 O 2 . The nanoprobe displays excellent water dispersibility, high sensitivity and selectivity, satisfactory cell permeability, and very low cytotoxicity. Following the living cell uptake, this nanoprobe can specifically target and stain the mitochondria; and it can detect the exogenous H 2 O 2 in L929 cells, as well as the endogenously produced mitochondrial H 2 O 2 in Raw 264.7 cells upon stimulation by PMA. This study shows that CDs can serve as promising nano-carriers for fabricating practical multifunctional fluorescent nanosensors.
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