BioEnergy Research
·
2013
·Vol. 6
·期 4
·1173-1182
·
IF 4.25
Shao Shanshan,Zhang Huiyan,Xiao Rui,Shen Dekui,Zheng Jian
The conversion of three major biomass derivates was conducted in a quartz tubular fixed bed reactor over a ZSM-5 catalyst. As the model compounds of polyols, saturated furans and unsaturated furans, ethylene glycol (EG), tetrahydrofuran (THF) and furan were pyrolyzed to find out the influence of chemical structure on the catalytic characteristics. The effect of pyrolysis temperature (400 ∼ 650 °C), weight hourly space velocity (2.9 ∼ 15.5 h −1 ) and partial pressure (2.12 ∼ 20.49 Torr) on the feed conversion, product yield and selectivity were investigated. The hydrogen to carbon effective ratio (H/C eff ) was referred to, to analyze the capacity of biomass derivates being converted to chemicals (olefins and aromatics). The results showed that the existence of rings and C=C had great effect on the catalytic characteristics. The conversion of furan was much lower (mainly less than 60 %) than that of EG and TH,F which were close to 100 %. It was also found that the chemical yield of THF was slightly more than that of EG, which can be attributed to its relative higher H/C eff of 1.5. Furan produced the highest coke yield, which was more than 15 %, whereas that of EG and THF was only around 5 %. The serious coking of furan led to the lowest chemical yield, which was less than 35 %. This study paves a way for the mechanism study on catalytic characteristics of biomass-derived feedstocks over zeolite catalysts.
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2013
·
IF 4.75
Huiyan Zhang,Mengmeng Luo,Rui Xiao,Shanshan Shao,Baosheng Jin,Guomin Xiao,Ming Zhao,Junyu Liang
Chemical liquid deposition (CLD) with KH550, TEOS and methyl silicone oil as the modifiers was used to modify ZSM-5 and deposit its external acid sites. The characteristics of modified catalysts were tested by catalytic conversion of biomass pyrolysis-derived compounds. The effects of different modifying conditions (deposited amount, temperature, and time) on the product yields and selectivities were investigated. The results show KH550 modified ZSM-5 (deposited amount of 4%, temperature of 20 °C and time of 6 h) produced the maximum yields of aromatics (24.5%) and olefins (16.5%), which are much higher than that obtained with original ZSM-5 catalyst (18.8% aromatics and 9.8% olefins). The coke yield decreased from 44.1% with original ZSM-5 to 26.7% with KH550 modified ZSM-5. The selectivities of low-molecule-weight hydrocarbons (ethylene and benzene) decreased, while that of higher molecule-weight hydrocarbons (propylene, butylene, toluene, and naphthalene) increased comparing with original ZSM-5.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 125
·103695-103702
·
IF 3.84
Yuannan Xiong,Wenqi Chen,Jianjun Ma,Zhihua Chen,Aiwu Zeng
The continuous liquid-phase Friedel–Crafts acylation of furan with acetic anhydride was first carried out in a fixed-bed reactor over an H-beta zeolite. A three-level, four-variable Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology was employed to determine the optimal acylation conditions, and the accuracy of the model was verified by validation experiments. In this study, it was found that lower liquid velocity and stronger polarity of the solvent were conducive to enhancing the catalytic activity and stability of the H-beta zeolite. The reaction was limited by the acid sites being poisoned due to the adsorption of the by-product and pore blockage. Moreover, the carbon deposit was proved to be the main reason for the deactivation of the H-beta zeolite by using GC-MS, 13C NMR MAS, 27Al NMR MAS, TG/DTG and NH3-TPD.
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RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 69
·56286-56292
·
IF 3.84
Bo Zhang,Zhaoping Zhong,Qinglong Xie,Paul Chen,Roger Ruan
In order to reduce coke yield during catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass, MgO and 2,4-dimethylquinoline (2,4-DMQ) were selected to reduce the number of external acid sites of HZSM-5. Both MgO and 2,4-DMQ deposition could cause a reduction in total acid sites (both weak acid sites and strong acid sites) and external acid sites of HZSM-5. The modified catalysts were used for the catalytic conversion of bio-derived furan. For the MgO/HZSM-5 catalyst, the effects of amount of MgO deposited and deposition time were studied. The carbon yields of aromatics, C2–C5 olefins, total chemicals, CO2 and CO increased at first and then decreased slightly when the deposited amount increased, while the carbon yield of coke decreased first and then increased gradually. Furthermore, as the deposited time increased, the carbon yields of petrochemicals, CO2 and CO increased greatly, whereas that of coke decreased. For the 2,4-DMQ/HZSM-5 catalyst, the effects of 2,4-DMQ treatment amount and treatment time were investigated. The experimental results showed that an increase in 2,4-DMQ treatment amount or treatment time could retard the generation of the target products, CO2 and CO but promote coke formation.
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POLYMER
·
2017
·
IF 3.684
Changhong Lin,Dekun Sheng,Xiangdong Liu,Shaobin Xu,Fance Ji,Li Dong,Yan Zhou,Yuming Yang
We developed a polyurethane material has an excellent self-healing ability as well as mechanical strength . This system was achieved based on dual-crosslinked Diels-Alder (DA) covalent bonding reaction. The first cross-linking point is realized by the DA bonding of polyurethane chain. Because of grafted maleimide group, the maleimide functionalized GO (mGO) sheets can be regarded as analogous cross-linker and provide the second cross-linking point in the system. We investigated and compared the effects of as-produced GO and mGO loading and maleimide functionalization on the mechanical properties and healing efficiency of composites. As a result, compared with those of the pure polyurethane and composites filled with the GO, such maleimide functionalization is found to effectively improve the compatibility between mGO and polymer matrix , increasing mechanical properties and healing efficiency of polyurethane composites. The mechanical properties and healing efficiency of polyurethane can be tuned readily by varying mGO concentration. The healing efficiencies were up to 99% for the nanocomposite containing mGO. These results confirm maleimide functionalization improved dispersion and interfacial interaction between the fillers and the polyurethane matrix.
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PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2016
·
IF 2.632
Xiaoxue Ke,Hongbo Liang,Lei Xiong,Shengmei Huang,Min Zhu
A novel polyurethane resin containing acrylate function and Diels-Alder (DA) structure was synthesized, with potential thermal reversibility and UV curable properties. The UV curing process was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which indicated that the DA structure was stable during curing process and the final acrylate C C conversion is 82.5%. The cured film exhibited good repeatedly thermal reversibility. The retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction of the cured film occurred at temperatures higher than 85.5 °C and was obviously accelerated by increasing temperature, which was confirmed by the results of FTIR, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The cured film displayed acceptable thermal stability up to 278.3 °C according to the thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results. Finally, a cured film with excellent physical properties was obtained.
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Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 19
·7239-7251
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IF 5.287
Jinzhu Chen,Qiyong Xu
The reaction medium shows a significant effect on the distribution of alkane products for the hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) over a bifunctional catalyst. Biodiesel-related methyl stearate was hydrodeoxygenated to heptadecane and octadecane over Ru/HZSM-5. In aqueous medium, heptadecane is a predominant product owing to a suppression effect of water on the octadecanol dehydration process. In the case of cyclohexane medium, the C17/(C17 + C18) ratio significantly decreases with the temperature due to a promotion effect of reaction temperature on the octadecanol hydrodeoxygenation process. Our research results further reveal that solvent water can remarkably promote the methyl stearate-to-stearic acid transformation in the network of hydrodeoxygenation of methyl stearate via hydrolysis and hydrogenolysis steps. The hydrodeoxygenation temperature required for methyl stearate is approximately 40 degrees lower in water than in cyclohexane. The reaction pathway involves methyl stearate hydrogenolysis over Ru/HZSM-5 (in water or organic phase) and methyl stearate hydrolysis over HZSM-5 (in water) to generate stearic acid. Octadecanal is a key “intermediate” for subsequent stearic acid-to-octadecanol transformation and is responsible for heptadecane production via the decarbonylation pathway over Ru/HZSM-5, while hydrodeoxygenation of octadecanol leads to the formation of octadecane.
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RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 7
·期 12
·6981-6987
·
IF 3.289
Jiheng Ding,Wanjun Peng,Ting Luo,Haibin Yu
The anhydride curing agent of 3,6-enodro-1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (OBPA) and the reactive epoxy diluent of furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The curing reaction kinetics process of an EP/OBPA/FGE epoxy system was studied by non-isothermal DSC methods. The parameters of the kinetics were calculated using the Kissinger model, Crnae model, Ozawa model and β–T (temperature–heating speed) extrapolation, respectively. In addition, the effect of FGE on the thermomechanical properties (glass transition temperature) and mechanical properties (flexural strength and the tensile strength) in the EP/OBPA/FGE were studied, indicating that when the content of FGE was 10 wt% the epoxy system reaches the best mechanical properties.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Han Zhang,Heping Cui,Xue Xia,Shahzad Hussain,Khizar Hayat,Xiaoming Zhang,Chi-Tang Ho
Exogenous xylose exhibited a significant temperature-dependent regulatory effect on the furans and pyrazines formation during the degradation of dual-glycated Amadori rearrangement product of lysine (Lys), N α ,N ε -di(1-deoxy- d -xylulos-1-yl)lysine ( N α ,N ε -di-Xul-Lys ARP). At 100 °C, xylose primarily enhanced the dehydration pathway of deoxypentosone. This significantly increased furans yield, while delaying lysine release by interacting with mono-glycated Lys-ARPs, thereby inhibiting the early formation of pyrazines. 120 °C accelerated the dehydration and retro-aldolization of deoxypentosone, markedly boosting furans formation and further promoting the substantial production of α -dicarbonyl compound with extra-added xylose. Additionally, xylose buffered the rapid pH decline, enhancing the α -aminoketones electrophilicity and facilitating pyrazines formation in N α ,N ε -di-Xul-Lys ARP. At 140 °C, xylose hindered furans formation but notably increased methylpyrazine levels during 30–60 min. Furthermore, increasing the xylose concentration to 60 mmol/L at 120 °C markedly enhanced glyoxal and methylglyoxal production, yielding the highest pyrazine concentration of 98.04 μg/L within 60 min.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·1-12
·
IF 2.8
Liao Yufang,Li Yuqi,Ruan Hong
Designing and developing friction layer materials that are environmentally friendly and recyclable is key to preparing triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG). Herein, a recyclable friction layer material, CFPU-X, has been introduced. This material is dynamically crosslinked through a Diels-Alder reaction between a polyurethane (MPU) containing maleimide groups and carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals with furan groups. The reaction enhanced the cross-linking degree of polyurethane, resulting in a significant increase in tensile strength, with CFPU-15 exhibiting a maximum value of 18.18 MPa, a 761.61% improvement over MPU. Notably, CFPU-9 demonstrated self-toughening properties, possibly attributed to the growth of molecular chains in the same space after heating and redissolution. This resulted in an increase in hydrogen bonding content and a more compact reconfigured crosslinked network, leading to a 145.83% increase in elongation at break. The CFPU-12 TENG is expected to be utilized in medical diagnostics, motion analysis, and health monitoring. This study offers worthy ideas for the development of recyclable materials for high-performance, flexible energy harvesters.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 7
Feng Li,Yuting Wang,Hongxia Liao,You Long,Qiang Yu,Jianhua Xie,Yi Chen
Soy sauce is a traditional seasoning in Asia and provides a unique flavor to food. However, some harmful Maillard reaction products (MRPs) were inevitably formed during the manufacturing process. Fermentation is a critical step of soy sauce manufacturing and has a significant impact on MRPs formation. Therefore, this study investigated the formation of some characteristic MRPs (e.g., furan, carboxymethyl lysine (CML), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), α-dicarbonyl compounds) and their correlation with major quality indicators (e.g., free amino acids, reducing sugar, total acid, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, non-salt soluble solids) in low-salt solid-state fermentation soy sauce (LSFSS). The result showed that the levels of furan, CML, and 5-HMF continue to increase during the fermentation process, reaching a maximum after sterilization. Further testing using Person correlation showed that the formation of furan, CML, and 5-HMF in LSFSS was positively correlated with glucose, fructose, α-dicarbonyl compounds, and most of the amino acids, while it was negatively correlated with sucrose and methionine. Among them, the contribution of lysine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and arginine to furan formation has rarely been reported. Our results provide a good theoretical basis for the control of MRPs during LSFSS fermentation.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Fu Xiaolei,He Yan,Guo Zhulei,Chen Mingfan,Du Wenlong,Zeng Yuqin,Yuan Dingzhong,Na Bing
In this work, we designed and synthesized two novel bi-heteroatom functionalized hyper-crosslinked porous polymers (HCP-CT and HCP-CF) through a simple one-step Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The resulted polymers N/S bi-heteroatom functionalized polymer HCP-CT and N/O bi-heteroatom functionalized polymer HCP-CF both have good adsorption property for organic dyes such as methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution due to its rich pore structure, high specific surface area and rich-heteroatoms of pore surface. It is worth mentioned that the maximum adsorption capacity ( q max ) of cationic dye MB by the porous polymer HCP-CT at room temperature was reached up to 1571.46 mg/g, which is much higher than that of most reported porous materials. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of HCP-CT for the cationic dye MB was more than seven times that of the anionic dye MO ( q max = 212.77 mg/g). Also, the polymer HCP-CF for the MB adsorption capacity ( q max = 352.11 mg/g) was more than twice higher than that of anionic dye MO ( q max = 131.75 mg/g). The above trends may be because of the stronger electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged N-S/O bi-heteroatom of HCP-CT and HCP-CF with the cationic dye MB than that of MO. In addition, the removal percentage of polymers HCP-CT and HCP-CF still remained above 80% after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Hence, this work may provide a convenient synthetic route to develop a novel hyper-crosslinked polymer with high capacity for the entrapment of dyes from aqueous solution.
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