JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2023
·Vol. 30
·期 2
·1-11
·
IF 2.8
Yang Qingshan,Wang Jun,Yang Shuang,Huo Siqi,Song Pingan,Fang Zhengping,Wang Hao
A phosphorus-containing aliphatic amine curing agent (DPT) was synthesized using triethylenetetramine (TETA) and diphenyl chlorophosphate (DPCP), and it served as a flame-retardant curing agent to reduce the fire risk of epoxy resin (EP) systems. The curing behaviors, thermal properties and flame retardancy of the DPT-containing EP systems were investigated in detail. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the introduction of phosphorus-based group reduced the curing activity of -NH 2 /-NH- groups in DPT. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) values of the DPT-containing EP systems were modestly lower than that of EP/TETA system. The EP cured by 29wt% DPT (EP/DPT-29) achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 27.1% and a UL-94 V-0 rating, and its peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) were 51.6% and 37.8% lower than those of EP/TETA. The improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression of the DPT-containing EP systems was attributed to the bi-phase flame-retardant action of DPT.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
消防安全工程
·
有机化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Chuanshen Wang,Hongliang Ding,Lu Liu,Hongfei He,Bicheng Lin,Na Sun,Keqing Zhou,Wei Wang,Yuan Hu,Bin Yu
Polymer materials pose significant fire hazards, including rapid heat release and the emission of toxic smoke. Herein, we report a flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite engineered with organophosphonic acid-intercalated high-entropy layered double hydroxides (HE-LDHs), achieving synergistic flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical enhancement. Meanwhile, tensile strength was enhanced to 38 MPa. The NiCoFeAlZn/DPA/TPU system demonstrated 42.1% reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR), 48.5% decrease in total smoke release (TSR), and 36.4% decrease in CO production rate compared to pure TPU, attributed to a hierarchical flame-retardant mechanism involving gas-phase dilution, physical barrier formation, and catalytic charring. The synergistic effect of multi-metal components of HE-LDHs and the intercalation (diphenylphosphoric acid, phenylphosphinic acid) agents restructured the thermal decomposition pathway of the material. Early-stage fire warning through HE-LDHs decomposition of interlayer water and organic acid anions releases CO 2 /H 2 O to dilute flammable gases; Intermediate flame inhibition through HE-LDHs catalyze dehydrogenation crosslinking of TPU, capture by PO· radicals from phosphonates, effectively suppressing flame propagation; High-temperature protection through collapse of LDH layers generates metal oxides and phosphorus-carbon hybrid barriers, triggering endothermic phase transitions, with an increase in the amount of residual carbon. This work establishes a theoretical framework for regulating the structure-property relationship of HE-LDHs and pioneers an integrated, active-passive design for fire-safe, high-risk polymer applications.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
消防安全工程
·
纳米复合材料
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2022
·
IF 5.518
Ya Xu,Ru Zhou,Jingjing Mu,Yanming Ding,Juncheng Jiang
Aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) was surface modified with the silane coupling agent KH-560, and mixed intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) were prepared with neopentyl glycol (NPG) and melamine (MEL). Then mixed IFRs and zinc borate (ZB) were compounded and added into linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) material. The morphology, composition , and structure of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The maximum limiting oxygen index of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites is 28.7%, and the combustion grade is V 0. The thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the thermal degradation rate of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites decreased, and the carbon residue reached 15.3 wt% at 700 ℃. The cone calorimeter test showed that peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), peak smoke release rate (PSPR), and total flue gas output (TSP) of LLDPE/IFRs/ZB composites decreased by 52.5%, 24.7%, 30%, and 15.5%, respectively, compared with pure LLDPE, significantly improving the flame retardant and smoke suppression performances of LLDPE. The residual carbon analysis shows that the C C and P O C bonds in the modified mixed IFR strengthen the carbon layer structure and form a denser intumescent carbon layer, effectively hindering flame propagation. The experimental results show that the new intumescent flame retardant is a remarkable breakthrough in both flame retardancy and smoke suppression compared with ordinary intumescent flame retardants, and is more suitable for flame retardant polymer materials than traditional intumescent flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 31
·e52720
·
IF 3.057
Xiaolong Wang,Weiguang Gong,Xin Meng,Chenyang Li,Jin Gao
Biobased flame retardant (FR) has attracted great interest owing to its green and degradable properties similar to polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the core, chitosan (CS) and halloysite (HNT) as the shell, a biobased FR (APP@CS@HNT) with a core-shell structure was prepared through the self-assembly method. The flame retardancy of PLA composites has been improved with the addition of the FR (APP@CS@HNT). With the loading of 17 wt% APP@CS@HNT, the PLA composite shows a high limiting oxygen index value (29.4%) and achieves vertical burning (UL-94) test V0 rating. Compared with pure PLA, the cone calorimetry test indicates that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release decrease from 299.88 to 152.29 kW/m 2 and from 102.0 to 71.2 MJ/m 2 , respectively. The addition of APP@CS@HNT can also improve the smoke suppression performance of PLA composites. Such enhanced flame retardancy is mainly attributed to APP@CS@HNT prompting the PLA matrix to produce more continuous and denser carbon layers at a lower temperature to form physical barriers.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
消防安全工程
·
纳米技术
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Xintao Ma,Haoyu Yang,Xiaoqi Zhang,Jing Xia,Chenglin Wang,Dongying Gong,Na Lin,Zihao Liu,Hao Liu,Suqin He,Miaoming Huang,Wanlin Xu,Wentao Liu,Chengshen Zhu
The escalating complexity of industrial applications, coupled with the growing imperative for energy efficiency and environmental safety, highlights the need for the development of multifunctional, bio-based polyamide materials. In this work, we report the synthesis of a novel bio-based polyamide (PA510/6/DT), characterized by exceptional flame retardancy, high transparency, and superior UV resistance. This material is synthesized via the copolymerization of bio-based pentylenediamine, sebacic acid, caprolactam, and 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole (DT), DT acts as an ultra-efficient flame retardant and endowing PA510/6/DT with powerful flame-retardant properties. The resultant PA510/6/DT demonstrates a V-0 rating in the UL 94 test and exhibits significantly reduced smoke production upon combustion, ensuring enhanced fire safety. Notably, the incorporation of DT not only preserves the inherent mechanical integrity of the polyamide matrix but also imparts excellent UV shielding and maintains high transparency, addressing compatibility challenges commonly encountered with traditional flame retardants. Non-isoconversional kinetic analysis reveals that pyrolysis follows an interfacial reaction-controlled mechanism (R3 contracting sphere model), validated by high activation energies and char-layer formation. Furthermore, PA510/6/DT exhibits remarkable mechanical strength and exceptional thermal stability, making it a promising candidate for high-performance applications in fields requiring concurrent flame retardancy, optical clarity, UV protection, and environmental sustainability.
研究领域:
高分子科学
·
材料工程
·
消防安全工程
·
化学合成
·
热分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Xiaoyuan Liu,Jia Liu,Xinyi Bao,Wenqing Ge,Zhihui Lv,Li Dang
To overcome the critical challenges of high smoke toxicity and flammability in flexible polyvinyl chloride (fPVC), this study developed a core-shell flame retardant (MOSw@PDA@NiOOH) via polydopamine (PDA) interfacial engineering and in-situ NiOOH deposition on magnesium oxysulfate whiskers (MOSw). SEM, TEM, and EDS confirm the hierarchical interface structure with Ni(III)-based NiOOH nanoparticles uniformly anchored on MOSw surfaces. Cone calorimetry tests show a 35.38% reduction in peak smoke production rate and a 75.88% decrease in total smoke production, respectively, for fPVC/MOSw@PDA@NiOOH compared to fPVC/MOSw composite, along with a UL-94 V-0 rating and 28.8% limiting oxygen index. Raman, TGA, and XPS analyses reveal that: i) the strong Lewis acidity of Ni(III) facilitates chloride elimination from PVC, leading to the formation of conjugated polyene structures; ii) the powerful oxidizing capability of Ni(III) directly oxidizes unsaturated carbons such as C=C, generating carbocations that subsequently promote aromatization and cross-linking reactions; iii) Ni(III) induces complete decomposition of MOSw into MgO, ultimately forming a dense carbonaceous residue layer composed of graphitic carbon, MgO, NiO, and MgCl 2 . Py-GC/MS and TGA-FTIR analyses further demonstrate that the strong oxidative capacity of Ni(III) also promotes deep cleavage and oxidation of aromatic/aliphatic intermediates, which significantly reduces the accumulation of smoke precursors. Moreover, both the Ni(III) and its reduced Ni(II) possess partially filled 3d orbitals capable of scavenging gas-phase radicals (e.g., H· and HO·), thereby interrupting combustion chain reactions and imparting flame-retardant efficacy. Additionally, PDA’s amino/hydroxyl groups strengthen the MOSw-PVC interface via hydrogen bonding, increasing tensile modulus (20.9 MPa) and strength (17.8 MPa) while maintaining impact strength (83.9 kJ/m 2 ). This work establishes a multifunctional design strategy that simultaneously achieves flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and mechanical reinforcement in fPVC composites through synergistic interfacial and catalytic effects.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
化学工程
·
纳米技术
·
消防安全工程
·
表面化学
·
分析化学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）