INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.5
Na Wang,Hanyu Ren,Tongtong Li,Chunhui Luo
Designing hydrogels with antibacterial, antifouling, lubricating, wet-adhesive, and highly mechanical properties is crucial for articular cartilage replacement. However, achieving such a combination remains a big challenge. To tackle this issue, a PCG matrix with a compressive strength of 42 MPa was prepared from polyvinyl alcohol, grape seed protein and chitosan via the multiple linkages (crystalline domains, hydrogen bonds, and ionic interactions). Next, the introduction of sulfobetaine methacrylate in the top layer endowed the hydrogel antifouling and lubricating performances. Subsequently, ciprofloxacin (CIP) was encapsulated via the self-assembly of soybean lecithin (SL) in water using the thin-film hydration method, followed by soaking the pre-hydrogel into the aqueous dispersion. Compared with PCG hydrogel, the antibacterial effects on E. coli and S. aureus were increased by 2250% and 1700% respectively. Meanwhile, the SPA gel achieved antibacterial rate of ~100% against both types of bacteria. In addition, the hydrophilic phosphatidylcholine groups of SL formed a boundary lubrication layer, reducing the coefficient of friction to 0.018. Finally, a gelatin-tannic acid adhesive layer was coated on the bottom to obtain the resultant SPA gel. The amino acids and polyphenol groups endowed the hydrogel with robust wet adhesion. Owing to the biocompatible materials and green process, the obtained SPA hydrogel had a cell viability of 96.7%, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. This biomimetic design successfully replicated the structures and performances of articular cartilages, making it promising for cartilage replacements.
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高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2026
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IF 7.4
Lu Liu,Hongfei He,Xiaming Feng,Bin Yu,Hongyu Yang,Benjamin Tawiah
Wood is a ubiquitous construction material, however, its inherent flammability requires the development of effective and environmentally friendly fire-protection strategies. Herein, we present a transparent, self-healing, and bio-based supramolecular intumescent coating for wood protection. The coating was synthesized via a solvent-free multi-step process, integrating a gelatin–phytic acid precursor with a boron–nitrogen coordination complex through controlled melamine reaction. Such coating exhibits good interfacial adhesion to wood, as evidenced by a shear strength of 5.84 MPa. Moreover, it also demonstrated excellent moisture-triggered self-healing ability, which improved scratch resistance and reduced moisture uptake. The coated wood shows significantly improved thermal stability and fire resistance, including a reduction in peak heat release rate (∼57%) and total heat release (∼42%), along with an increased limiting oxygen index (35.5%) and a UL-94 V-0 rating. Based on burnt surface analysis and chemical characterization, the flame-retardant mechanism is elucidated, highlighting synergistic effects in both gas and condensed phases. This work provides a sustainable and effective strategy for wood fire protection and underscores the potential of bio-derived supramolecular architectures in addressing critical safety challenges for bio-based construction materials.
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Biomaterials Research
·
2026
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IF 9.6
Jingying Hu,Yongqi Xu,Danni Zhou,Kaixuan Chen,Jinwen Jiang,Min Lin,Wenjie Chen,Jing Wu,Hongde Jiang,Mengxiang Zhu,Bin Zhang,Kailei Xu,Peng Wei
Diabetic wounds represent a critical public health challenge due to impaired healing processes driven by chronic inflammation, infection, and biomechanical deficiencies. Despite advances in wound dressings and negative-pressure therapy, current treatments often fail to provide sufficient mechanical support or to fully resolve inflammatory responses, resulting in prolonged ulceration and high risk of complications. To address these limitations, a photocrosslinkable chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (CQS) derivative (methacrylated CQS [CQS-MA]) was developed to accelerate gelation and improve structural integrity. We then used ultraviolet-initiated copolymerization of CQS-MA with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and type I collagen to fabricate a ternary composite hydrogel encapsulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), termed G/C-CS@FGF-21. This composite hydrogel synergistically combined FGF-21’s early-stage inflammation-resolving activity, CQS’s sustained antimicrobial function, GelMA’s tunable mechanical resilience, and collagen’s native cell-adhesive ligands, which could promote all phases of wound repair. In vitro, G/C-CS@FGF-21 promoted macrophage polarization toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration. In a full-thickness diabetic mouse wound-healing model, treatment with G/C-CS@FGF-21 accelerated wound closure by mitigating inflammation and promoting reepithelialization and angiogenesis. These findings suggest that the G/C-CS@FGF-21 hydrogel holds strong potential for future clinical translation in diabetic wound management.
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高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 12.5
Hao Liu,Yujie Lv,Jiawang Li,Le Kang,Menghui Chen,Langqun Tan,Xiaoshun Yao,Huipeng Wang,Minyue Zhang,Jianxiang Li,Jie Zhu,Chenggong Zhang,Jianyong Yu,Dequn Wu
Non-compressible hemorrhage remains a leading cause of trauma mortality, with ineffective management triggering infection, dysregulated inflammation, and multi-organ dysfunction. Herein, we report a multilayer nanofiber-reinforced alginate hydrogel (GT-F) combining rapid hemostasis, strong tissue adhesion, high mechanical resilience, and wound healing. The hydrogel matrix, composed of dopamine-modified methacrylate alginate (AMD) and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), was incorporated with tranexamic acid (TAX). The biomimetic multilayer nanofiber framework is constructed from hydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) and simultaneously encapsulates both the natural medicinal compound curcumin (Cur) and the quaternary ammonium antibacterial agent (HDEAB). Experimental results indicate that, within an optimal range, increasing AMD content enhances hydrogel crosslinking density, reducing pore size and equilibrium swelling. Compared to conventional GelMA hydrogel, compressive strength was nearly quadrupled, and tensile strength increased over threefold. In vitro and in vivo studies confirm that GT-F hydrogels exhibit excellent biocompatibility, degradability, rapid hemostasis (<30 s), and robust antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In a rat liver puncture model, GT-F hydrogels markedly outperformed commercial gauze in hemostasis, reduced macrophage inflammatory infiltration, promoted proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, accelerated wound repair, and exhibited anti-adhesion effects. Collectively, this study offers a promising hydrogel-based adhesive strategy for clinical management of non-compressible hemorrhage and tissue repair.
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高影响因子
POLYMER
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2026
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IF 4.5
Yixue Zhang,Mingxuan Liang,Zhiyan Yan,Shuo Zhang
The application potential of flexible electronic technologies across diverse interdisciplinary domains has become increasingly evident. Owing to their unique combination of flexibility, biocompatibility, and skin-mimetic mechanical properties, hydrogels have emerged as a central material for wearable flexible sensors. Nevertheless, conventional hydrogel-based sensors often suffer from inadequate mechanical performance under high stress and large strain conditions, along with limited toughness. Gelatin, a natural protein, possesses a molecular structure abundant in hydroxyl and amino functional groups, enabling the formation of a highly extensible, hydrogen-bonded flexible network and exhibiting excellent biocompatibility. In this study, a thermally induced free-radical polymerization approach was employed to construct a covalently cross-linked rigid framework using polyacrylamide (PAM), while incorporating gelatin to establish a hydrogen-bond-reinforced flexible network. Concurrently, Zr 4+ were introduced to coordinate with anionic functional groups on both gelatin and PAM chains, resulting in the fabrication of a polyacrylamide/gelatin/zirconium ion composite hydrogel sensor (PMG x Z y ). The PMG x Z y hydrogel sensor demonstrates exceptional toughness, rapid response dynamics, high sensitivity, and a broad sensing range. It achieves a strain of up to 924 % under a stress of 0.26 MPa, with a fracture energy of 1.12 MJ m −3 . The sensor not only enables real-time monitoring of large-amplitude human motions but also facilitates sound recognition, handwritten pattern detection, and information transmission via integration with Morse code encoding. This work effectively overcomes the mechanical limitations of traditional hydrogel sensors, offering a promising new material platform for wearable sensing applications in fields such as outdoor sports monitoring and rehabilitation training.
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EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 6.3
Rongli Zhang,Na Wang,Chunhui Luo
Conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising materials for wearable sensors in recent years. However, most of them have single ability to detect visual or conductive signals and exclude adhesion in water. To address these issues, polymethacrylamide/polyacrylic acid/zirconium ion/carbon quantum dots (PMAm/PAA/Zr 4+ /CQDs) hydrogels were adopted as the conductive matrix, followed by coating a gelatin-tannic acid adhesive layer at the bottom to obtain a Janus hydrogel. The Janus structure endowed the hydrogel with high strength (414 kPa) and strain (150 %), low swelling ratio (4 %), robust wet adhesion (30 N/m), and good sensing performances (with a conductivity of 5.6 S/m, and a gauge factor of 1.77), even after soaking in aqueous environments for a month. The incorporation of Zr 4+ and CQDs endowed dual visual and electrical sensing, which synchronously converted mechanical deformations into resistance variations and high-contrast optical signals. Consequently, it simultaneously provided dual-mode feedbacks for various human motions both underwater and on land. Therefore, the present work opened new avenues for the development of flexible devices for underwater sensing.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.5
Chuyi Wang,Jingxin Chen,Nan Chen,Bingru Zhang,Wenyan Wu,Weiran Lin,Yuxin He,Jin Zhang,Yudong Lu,Zixing Yan
The half-life of the traditional Chinese medicine Anzhong Decoction (AZD) is relatively short. When administered orally, insufficient retention in the stomach and rapid clearance rates result in significantly reduced drug utilization efficiency. To address this limitation, we developed ternary composite sodium alginate/gelatin/guar gum hydrogel beads (SA/Gel/GG HBs) using ion-gelation technology. Research revealed that guar gum (GG) incorporation enhances hydrogen bonding and network heterogeneity, as confirmed by ATR-FTIR and rheological analysis. Specifically, the formulation containing 0.4% GG (SA/Gel/4GG) achieved an optimal balance of properties. It demonstrated an encapsulation efficiency of 76.09%, a loading capacity of 7.02% and a high-water retention of 85.24%. Crucially, SA/Gel/4GG sustained gastric flotation for over 6 h with a flotation rate exceeding 95.04%. This was attributed to its low-density closed-cell structure, featuring a density of 0.36 g/cm 3 and porosity of 17.10%. The optimized microsphere exhibited a first-order kinetic release mechanism with biphasic release characteristics. Within 6 h, 79.21% of AZD was released into gastric fluid, followed by sustained release in the intestine. The antioxidant activity of AZD against DPPH and ABTS was well preserved. This SA/Gel/GG system presents a promising gastric-floating oral delivery platform for traditional Chinese medicine compounds, effectively extending gastric retention and enabling controlled drug release.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
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IF 13.2
HuaQing Zhang,Chunling Liu,Xieraili Maimaitiyiming
To enhance the energy density of aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs), broadening the electrochemical window of hydrogel electrolytes is crucial. However, persistent side reactions initiated by water molecules and the uncontrolled dendritic growth on the zinc anode surface severely limit the improvement of ZIHC operating voltage. To address this challenge, this study proposes a chain–chain synergistic regulation strategy and designs a unique semi-interpenetrating network zwitterionic hydrogel electrolyte (PGCTSE) based on PSBMA and gelatin. This electrolyte effectively regulates Zn 2+ migration behavior and suppresses free water activity, thereby significantly increasing the operating voltage of flexible ZIHCs. Experimental results show that the PGCTSE electrolyte expands the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of flexible ZIHCs to 2.2 V, achieves a Zn 2+ transference number as high as 0.76, and supports highly reversible deposition/stripping on the zinc anode. The flexible ZIHC employing this electrolyte delivers an energy density of 180.8 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 1100 W kg −1 . This study provides a new design concept and experimental foundation for developing gelatin-based hydrogel electrolytes for high-performance ZIHCs.
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ADVANCED MATERIALS
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2026
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IF 26.8
Junjie Zhou,Haonan Zhao,Jizheng Zhang,Yanle He,Ailing Yin,Xiaozhong Wu,Zhiwei Wang,Deyu Meng,Jianyou Zhao,Xinyu Wang,Qizheng Liu,Min Liu,Yan Li,Qinglei Guo
The development of transient energy harvesting or storage devices has provided a revolutionary power supply solution for the new generation of implantable biomedical electronics or disposable environmental sensors. However, existing power supply schemes still struggle to meet the requirements, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, high electrochemical performances, and/or recyclable power output, for practical applications. In this study, we present a bioresorbable and bioimplantable wireless energy harvesting-storage system (WEHSS), of which electromagnetic energies can be harvested by a planar coil through near-field inductive coupling, then be stored by the integrated bioresorbable zinc-ion battery (BZIB). Glucose/zinc sulfate/gelatin (Glu/ZS/Gel) hydrogel that can efficiently inhibit the growth of Zn dendrites, the corrosion of Zn electrodes, and the accumulation of insulating by-products is introduced as the electrolyte of BZIB, thus enabling the fast charging and robust power output of WEHSS. In addition, their biocompatibility is evaluated in living rabbit models, and fully in vivo degradation within 16 weeks without adverse biological reactions to either major organs or blood chemistry is demonstrated. The presented materials and device platforms add to the portfolio of bioresorbable and bioimplantable power supply options for biomedical electronics.
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高影响因子
CELLULOSE
·
2026
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IF 4.8
Lai Enping,Bai Yunpeng,Bao Binyu,Gao Ming,Zhang Yuan,Wang Guocheng
Natural polymer hydrogels that mimic the extracellular matrix have garnered increasing interest for bone regeneration. However, simply promoting cell adhesion in the hydrogel is insufficient for optimal bone regeneration; modulating macrophage immune polarization is also critical for accelerating healing. Herein, sugarcane bagasse xylan has been used to modify sericin/gelatin composite hydrogel to develop a modified composite hydrogel, which aims to mimic the composition of the native bone tissue. The physicochemical properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized, and the inflammation regulation and osteogenic ability of the hydrogels in vitro were investigated. The results show that the carboxymethylated bagasse xylan can significantly change the physicochemical properties of the composite hydrogel. The morphology and chemical analysis revealed that the inter- and intra-molecular covalent bonding interactions were formed within the hydrogels, leading to a remarkably enhanced thermal stability and swell ratio of the hydrogel. Cellular experiments have demonstrated that the composite hydrogels promote cell proliferation and activity, exhibiting excellent cytocompatibility. They also facilitate the polarization of macrophages towards the M2 phenotype and significantly enhance the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, thereby manifesting superior osteogenic capacity. This study provides a novel perspective on the application of sugarcane bagasse xylan in bone repair.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 6.6
Siyuan Chu,Lijia Chen,Wenjie Zhang,Huaiyue Sun,Xiaoyu Du,Zhengquan Wang,Xichang Wang,Jian Zhong
Nutrients co-encapsulation is a significant research focus in functional foods. This study developed a method to co-encapsulate fish oil and curcumin (Cur) using bovine bone gelatin (BBG)-chitosan (CS) complex coacervation, followed by freeze-drying with maltodextrin (MD) as a drying aid. The results confirmed that the successful encapsulation of fish oil/Cur droplets in the powder particles. As the MD/BBG mass ratios increased (0–8), several trends were observed for the powders: the oil loading capacity decreased progressively (17.7%–2.7%), oil encapsulation yields increased and then decreased (54.1%–27.9%), oil encapsulation efficiencies exponentially increased (75.6%–92.9%), Cur loading capacities exponentially decreased (0.82%–0.24%), Cur encapsulation yields exponentially increased (63.7%–85.9%), Cur encapsulation efficiencies linearly decreased (79.8%–73.4%), and peroxide values during the oxidative stability process logistically increased (19.5–44.5 mmol/kg oil at 1 h). During simulated small intestinal digestion, an MD/BBG mass ratio of 5 resulted in the highest percentage (92.8%) among all ratios tested (0–8). These results suggested fish oil can act as an effective carrier for Cur in functional powders, and that miscible nutrients can be co-encapsulated within complex coacervates. This work provided an efficient strategy for developing raw materials with co-encapsulated nutrients for functional foods and contributed to understanding the underlying mechanism of the multi-nutrient co-encapsulation.
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Food Packaging and Shelf Life
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2026
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IF 10.6
Mingyi Tian,Chenlong Liu,Zhiyuan Ge,Wei Ji,Yimeng Zhang,Linlin Li,Hualin Wang
Antibacterial packaging is widely used for food preservation by inhibiting microbial growth. However, elevated moisture can promote microbial spoilage, posing a challenge in creating packaging systems that combine bioactive properties with moisture regulation. Herein, a trilayer Janus membrane is developed using a layer-by-layer electrospinning technique for cherry tomato preservation, which comprises a superhydrophilic polyacrylonitrile (PAN) outer layer, a hygroscopic gelatin-potato starch (GA-PS) intermediate layer, and a bioactive hydrophobic polycaprolactone-cinnamon essential oil (PCL-CEO) layer. Its asymmetric wettability gradient and hierarchical structure facilitate efficient directional water transport (DWT), achieving a water evaporation rate of 0.41 g h −1 and reducing the relative humidity (RH) within the package from 75 % to 40 % (with surrounding RH of 75 %) without external energy input. The controlled release of CEO through Fickian diffusion maintains strong antibacterial and antioxidant activities inside the package. Combining humidity regulation with bioactive properties, the PAN/GA-PS/PCL-CEO membrane can extend the shelf-life of cherry tomato from 6 days to 18 days at 25 °C compared to polyethylene plastic wrap.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）