ACTA PHARMACEUTICA
·
2022
·Vol. 72
·期 4
·483-507
·
IF 3.299
Yubo Zhou,Yingxin Yang,Minyan Ma,Lingyun Xie,Aijuan Yan,Wen Cao
In this study Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBL) decoction and commercial capsules were digested using an in vitro model. Thirty-six active compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis based on the MS/MS patterns (precursor ions and product ions) and retention times, in comparison with reference standards. Most compounds in GBL showed a significant decrease during intestinal digestion, with an exception of vanillic acid and biflavonoids. Bioaccessibility values of chemical compositions varied between decoction and capsules samples. Also, significant reductions of total flavonoids and total phenolic content was observed after in vitro digestion. Both, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacity decreased after gastric digestion, but increased during intestinal digestion. Nevertheless, different behaviour was observed in reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Compared to the pH of digestion, the influence of digestive enzymes on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of GBL was relatively minor. Overall, these results may help provide a valid foundation for further investigations on bioactive compounds and the pharmacodynamics of GBL.
研究领域:
药理学
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2020
·
IF 4.244
Isaac Duah Boateng,Xiao-Ming Yang,Yuan-Yuan Li
Fresh Ginkgo biloba seeds (GBS) contain rich bioactive compounds; nevertheless, it is slightly poisonous and cannot be eaten directly due to higher Ginkgotoxin and ginkgolic acid. Though drying can lower the Ginkgotoxin and ginkgolic acid contents, it can also have an adverse effect on the bioactivity and product quality. Infrared drying offers lower drying time, high energy savings, and product quality; therefore, optimizing the process parameters for multiple responses is paramount. In this study, Plackett–Burman Design (PBD)–Response Surface Methodology was systematically used to optimize GBS's infrared-drying parameters. Screening of factors by PBD indicated temperature, time, and height contributed significantly to moisture content (MC), total colour change (Δ E ), total phenolic content (TPC), and Ginkgotoxin (MPN). Further using rotatable central-composite design to obtain the optimum conditions were temperature (80 °C), time (159.68 min), and height (12 cm). Satisfactory results were (6.09 ± 0.15)%, 5.56 ± 0.45, (6.25 ± 0.38) mg gallic acid equivalent/g, and (50.57 ± 1.10) μg/g for MC, Δ E , TPC, and MPN, respectively, with verification close to the predicted values. This shows an increase in TPC, appreciable Δ E , MC, and a drastic reduction in MPN (5.45 fold) compared with fresh GBS. The quality assessment showed higher pyridoxine , anti-oxidant activities and total flavonoid , lower enzyme activity and ginkgolic acid (10 fold), granular adhesion (from the micrograph), and satisfactory product quality. This shows the infrared-dried GBS under these optimum conditions had ginkgotoxin and ginkgolic acid contents that are below the level likely to cause toxicity, thus could be useful for food and industrial production as a functional food and neutraceutical.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
植物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2013
·
IF 2.906
Yuanqing Fu,Shan Hong,Duo Li,Songbai Liu
A novel efficient synthesis of ginkgolic acid (13:0) from abundant 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid was successfully developed through a state-of-the-art palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction and catalytic hydrogenation with an overall yield of 34% in five steps. The identity of the synthesized ginkgolic acid (13:0) was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, infrared, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The reaction sequence of this method can be readily extended to the synthesis of other ginkgolic acids. The synthesized ginkgolic acid (13:0) exhibited promising anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 2.8 mg/mL) that was not correlated to antioxidant activity as probed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ferric reducing ability of plasma, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. The synthetic strategy developed in this work will significantly facilitate biological studies of ginkgolic acids that have great potential applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
研究领域:
有机化学
·
药物化学
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食品科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2018
·
IF 2.831
Jun Cao,Luyao Chen,Mohan Li,Fuliang Cao,Linguo Zhao,Erzheng Su
Proanthocyanidin (PAC) holds strong free radicals scavenging ability and is widely used as oxygen free radical scavenger. Huge demand, safety and economic aspect are forcing the PAC extraction to explore new resource and greener solvent. An efficient extraction method of PAC from Ginkgo biloba leaves was established by employing deep eutectic solvent (DES)-water mixture. After a rational design, a DES-water mixture (named as Ch-M 55 ) was chosen as the extraction solvent, which was prepared from choline chloride and malonic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 with water addition of 55% (w/w). The main factors affecting the extraction yield were statistically optimized using a central composite design combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions were obtained as follows: extraction temperature of 65 °C, extraction time of 53 min and Ch-M 55 to solid ratio of 10.57:1 (v/w, mL/g). The PAC extraction yield was 22.19 ± 0.71 mg/g under the optimized conditions, which was much higher than those of conventional organic solvents. The antioxidant activity of PAC extracted by Ch-M 55 was similar to that of 70% acetone, but a little less than 70% methanol and 70% ethanol. The differences in constituent and polymerization degree of PAC extracted by different solvents might account for the difference in antioxidant activity. In consideration of biodegradability and pharmaceutical acceptability, the Ch-M 55 -based extraction method is obviously efficient, green and ecofriendly. Extraction of PAC from Ginkgo biloba leaves also provides a new PAC resource.
研究领域:
植物化学
·
天然产物开发
·
药用植物研究
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Rong Wu,Yiting Song,Manman Shi,Qihui Dong,Jun Cao,Pengfei Yu,Fuliang Cao,Erzheng Su
Total flavonoid content is one of the most important quality indicators of Ginkgo biloba leaves and its products, but the complex pretreatment procedures and the excessive use of organic solvents complicate the detection process. In response, an innovative and efficient two-phase deep eutectic solvent (DES) system—composed of an acidic hydrophilic DES and a hydrophobic DES—was developed to quantify flavonoids for quality control of G. biloba products. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection conditions were optimized, followed by systematic screening and design of the two-phase DES system through adjustments to polarity, hydrophilicity, and acidity. Optimal pretreatment conditions were established through operating condition optimization. This approach enabled simultaneous extraction, deglycosylation, and enrichment of all flavonoids from G. biloba samples into the hydrophobic phase in a single step. Method validation showed strong linearity with a correlation coefficient (R 2 > 0.9995). The detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) limits were between 0.35 and 0.37 mg/kg, and 0.92 and 0.96 mg/kg, respectively. The method also exhibited high sensitivity and accuracy, with a recovery rate of 96.91–100.39%. A greenness assessment with the ComplexGAPI tool confirmed this method’s eco-friendly advantages over conventional techniques, aligning well with green chemistry and economic principles. Ultimately, this technique effectively measured flavonoid levels in different G. biloba products. The method developed in this work not only enhances the efficiency of simultaneous extraction and deglycosylation by modifying the polarity, hydrophilicity, and acidity of the two-phase DES system, but also offers valuable insights for the advancement of environmentally friendly analysis technology for flavonoids.
研究领域:
植物化学
·
分析化学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization
·
2025
·
IF 3.3
Liu Lujie,Huang Lixin,Wang Chengzhang,Zhang Caihong,Xie Pujun,Deng Yejun,Wang Xiang,Liu Yong
Starch nanocrystals (SNCs) are a desirable stabilizer for Pickering emulsion, and ginkgo starch (GS) is a potential resource to prepare SNCs. However, the formation mechanism and application of GS-SNCs are not fully elucidated. To address the problem, ginkgo SNCs were prepared using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and the formation mechanism was revealed by molecular structure and morphology changes. The stability of hydrolyzed products in the Pickering emulsions was assessed. The results from hydrolysis kinetics showed a rapid hydrolysis stage in 1–3 days and a slow hydrolysis stage in 4–7 days. The process of forming SNCs exhibited an exo-corrosion, including molecular chain breakage and granule disintegration. SNCs were present in the acid hydrolysis process and comprised of low molecular weight amylopectin, with mean particles of 168 nm for 7-day-formed SNCs. The acid hydrolysis gave a significant increase from 32 to 42% in the relative crystallinity and decrease from 2407406 g/mol to 5136 g/mol on the molecular weight, and the molecular weight change occurred mainly on the first day of hydrolysis. The oil-in-water (O/W) Pickering emulsion was prepared by acid hydrolyzed starch via ultrasonication. The products of acid hydrolysis for 6 and 7 days, AGS-6 and AGS-7 emulsified Pickering emulsions exhibited good stability for 4 months. The size and molecular weight were the important factors that influence the stability of Pickering emulsion. This study provides practical support for the use of Ginkgo SNCs in Pickering emulsions.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Qichun Xi,Qiang Yu,Shuting Li,Zhen Chen,Wei Zhu,Huixi Li,Haoran Wu,Zhengming Dai,Meng Wang,Lian Ren,Linxia Li
The negative plate additive can significantly enhance the performance of lead-carbon batteries (LCBs). In this study, manganese oxide/reaming apricot shell carbon composite (Mn-RASC) as a negative additive was prepared by employing a simple KOH activation of apricot shells and a hydrothermal strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties of the LCBs. The additive is constructed to alleviate the irreversible sulfation of the negative plate in the high-rate partial state of charge (HRPSoC). And the results illustrate that the initial discharge capacity of the Mn-RASC-modified lead-carbon battery is 153.01 mAh/g, surpassing the 83.37 mAh/g of the blank control group battery. Additionally, the cycle life of the Mn-RASC-modified lead-carbon battery reaches 15,188 cycles, 8.7 times longer than that of the blank control group battery (1744 cycles). Manganese oxide doping onto the electrode surface can achieve more charge transfer under a redox reaction, which is conducive to lowering the internal resistance and improving the conversion rate of the negative active material, thus effectively inhibiting the irreversible sulfation of the negative plate. In addition, the application of Mn-RASC also considers the inhibition of hydrogen evolution, thus comprehensively improving the cycle life of the battery. The successful preparation of Mn-RASC also provides a feasible solution for the design and synthesis of negative additives for LCBs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 11
·1-12
·
IF 2.6
Song Jinpeng,Li Xiangyao,Zhang Shijie,Li Yan,Chen Long,Wang Zhongwei,Cheng Guiqing,Yu Qing,Han Yuxi
To improve the antioxidant capacity of polyethylene (PE), ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBLE) was introduced into the PE matrix as a natural stabilizer for the first time. The effect of GBLE on the thermal oxidation stability, thermal stability, processing stability, mechanical properties, and long-term aging resistance of PE during multiple extrusion processing was investigated. The oxidation induction time (OIT) results showed that the addition of GBLE improved the thermal oxidation stability and long-term aging resistance of the PE matrix even after multiple extrusions. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis revealed that GBLE significantly enhanced the thermal stability of the polymer matrix. These improvements could be attributed to the potent free radical scavenging efficiency of GBLE. OIT tests also confirmed GBLE’s resistance to extraction from the PE matrix, as well as its antioxidant activity after extraction. Moreover, the introduction of GBLE effectively enhanced the processing stability of the PE matrix, with the melt flow rate of PE-GBLE 2.0 decreasing by only about 0.17 g/10 min from the first extrusion to the fifth extrusion. Furthermore, the addition of GBLE could still maintain the good mechanical performance of the matrix after multiple extrusions. All results demonstrated that GBLE is an effective and natural multifunctional stabilizer for PE. Graphical Abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
植物化学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
·
2025
·Vol. 48
·期 4
·e70126
·
IF 2.8
Wenlin Zhong,Fangping Liang,Lingling Zhong,Jiming Ou,Jianfeng He,Quanzhou Wu
In this study, kaempferol molecularly imprinted monolithic columns (MIMCs) featuring a homogeneous pore structure and high separation ability were successfully prepared by surface imprinting on silica monoliths. These columns were then used to separate flavonoids from the hydrolysate of Ginkgo leaves. The preparation process involved three simple steps: preparation of silica monoliths, functionalization of the silica surface, and polymerization of the imprinting system onto the silica surface. The resulting MIMCs exhibited a homogeneous pore structure, high surface area (>100 m 2 /g), high porosity (ca. 74%), and good permeability (3.0 − 3.9 × 10 −15 m 2 ). The chromatographic separation performance of the MIMCs prepared on amino-functionalized silica monoliths was significantly superior to those prepared on thiol and vinyl-functionalized silica monoliths. The MIMCs prepared on amino-functionalized silica monoliths (I.D. 4.6 × 20 mm) could nearly achieve baseline separation of four structurally similar flavonoids: genistein, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and quercetin. In addition, these MIMCs exhibited excellent selectivity in the chromatographic separation of flavonoids from the hydrolysate of Ginkgo leaves. However, when used as SPE adsorbents, the MIMCs prepared on thiol and vinyl-functionalized silica monoliths were superior to those on amino-functionalized silica monoliths in terms of purification of flavonoids from the Ginkgo hydrolysate. This study may be of instructive significance to the facile preparation of MIMCs for the high-selectivity separation and analysis of target components in complex natural systems.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 7
Xiao Shan,Lin Li,Yu Liu,Ziwei Wang,Binbin Wei,Zhongbo Zhang
Almonds are a commonly consumed nut. They possess significantof nutritional and health benefitsand are commonly processed by roasting. This study aimed to investigatthe effects of roasting on the compound composition and antioxidant activity of almonds. Metabolomics analysis, performed via UPLC-QTOF/MS, and fatty acid analysis, conducted via GC–MS, employed, and the results demonstrated a significant increase in antioxidant activity of post-roasting and in vitro digestion, ranging from 1.16 to 3.44 times. Untargeted metabolomics identified a total of 172 compounds, with notable differences observed in organic oxides, fatty acids, and their derivatives. Correlation analysis identified fatty acids as the primary influencers of changes in antioxidant activity following roasting. Taken together, these findings suggest that roasting enhances the antioxidant activity of almonds, primarily due to alterations in fatty acid analogs, thereby providing valuable insights into optimizing almond consumption for health benefits.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
营养学
·
分析化学
·
代谢组学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS
·
2022
·
IF 3.428
Qianchun Zhang,Fengling Tian,Qin Zhou,Changbo Zhang,Shan Tang,Li Jiang,Shuxin Du
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are useful in medical imaging and detection of toxins in food. In this work, efficient CQDs are prepared from ginkgo kernels by a hydrothermal reaction. The size distribution of the CQDs is both uniform and narrow, with an average particle diameter of 2.7 nm. We realise a quantum yield of 37.8% from our CQDs. Moreover, the CQDs have high selectivity and sensitivity to NO 2 − , with the linear ranges of 0.50–50 μmol/L, and its limit of detection is 0.15 μmol/L, this developed method was applied to detect NO 2 − in corn sausage, ham sausage, preserved Szechuan pickle, and hot dog, whose concentration of nitrite were further confirmed by high performance liquid chromatograph. Furthermore, the as-prepared CQDs not only have low toxicity and benign biocompatibility, but also display strong blue fluorescence. Therefore, the CQDs can be used for cell imaging of MCF7 cells. Our results indicate that the proposed CQDs based on ginkgo kernel biomass have great potential for cell imaging and NO 2 − detection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分析化学
·
生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2020
·
IF 4.244
Isaac Duah Boateng,Xiao-Ming Yang,A.A. Aly Tahany,Yuan-Yuan Li,Yolandani
Fresh Ginkgo biloba L. seeds (GBS) contain toxic compounds that are deleterious when consumed frequently, but the drying process can reduce its content. In this study, fresh GBS was rehydrated using two steps: dried using different methods (freeze-drying, infrared drying, hot-air drying, and pulse-vacuum drying) followed by rehydration by submerging into water. The influence of drying methods on rehydration kinetics and quality attributes were evaluated. Results showed the Weibull model provided the best fitting for each rehydration curve (Coefficient of determination ( R 2 ) > 0.99, residual sum of squares (RSS), reduced chi-square ( χ 2 ), and root mean square error (RMSE) closer to zero). Toxic compounds (ginkgotoxin, ginkgolic acid, and cyanide) decreased significantly while total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) increased in rehydrated products compared with fresh GBS. The sensory score was acceptable for all rehydrated products. Besides, rehydrated products showed retention of antioxidant activities and the formation of Maillard reaction products (MRP). Amongst rehydrated products, infrared drying coupled to rehydration stood out being superior with higher TPC, TFC, MRP, and antioxidant activities and lowest enzyme activities, which were again corroborated from the principal component analysis. The present findings will offer more information in selecting the best drying method for GBS's rehydration as a snack, breakfast, or others.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
植物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）