COLLOID AND POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.2
Hu Guang,Khan Humayun,Ali Farman,Begum Siddiqa,Mehmood Sahid,Arif Umar,Ali Nisar,Hayat Mudassir
This study focuses on advancing epoxy-polyamide composites through the incorporation of chitosan, derived from crab shells, a sustainable polymeric bio filler known for its ability to enhance mechanical and thermal properties. Utilizing a solution casting technique, composites were fabricated by blending various concentrations of chitosan into the epoxy-polyamide matrix. Several analytical methods, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, DSC, and mechanical testing, were used to evaluate the modifications and properties of the composites. FT-IR confirmed successful chitosan incorporation into the ER-PA composites, supported by SEM analysis showing improved structural integrity. XRD revealed prominent diffraction peaks, reflecting increased crystallinity and efficient chitosan integration. SEM indicated uniform chitosan dispersion on smooth surfaces, enhancing fracture toughness. Mechanical study of the 1% chitosan blend demonstrated superior results, with an elasticity of 6.79 GPa and fracture elongation of 2.2%, surpassing the 5% blend. DSC data showed improved thermal stability, with the uncured composite exhibiting endothermic behavior at 100 °C and exothermic behavior at 400 °C. TGA confirmed enhanced thermal properties up to 780 °C, particularly for the 1% Cs blend, which also displayed outstanding amorphous characteristics. Overall, the mechanical study confirmed Young’s best modulus, toughness, and tensile strength in the 1% blend. A noticeable shift toward higher temperatures during accelerated heating indicated enhanced material durability. These findings highlight the significant potential of chitosan to improve the mechanical strength and thermal stability of epoxy-polyamide composites, making them suitable for demanding engineering applications where endurance and performance are critical. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
生物材料学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE NUTRITION
·
2022
·
IF 3.781
Fang Fang,Ye Yuan,Min Jin,Yingying Zhang,Tingting Zhu,Jiaxiang Luo,Zheng Yang,Chen Guo,Lefei Jiao,Xiaojun Yan,Qicun Zhou
An eight-week feeding trail was carried out to investigate the impacts of different dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) supplementations on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, tissue fatty acid profiles, and lipid metabolism of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) juvenile. Six isonitrogenous (480 g kg-1 crude protein) and isolipidic (80 g kg-1 crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0.40, 2.50, 4.60, 8.90, 12.50, and 15.70 g ARA kg-1 (dry matter), respectively. Each experimental treatment included 24 mud crab juveniles (initial weight g) and was assigned to triplicate groups (). Crabs fed diets with 2.50, 4.60, and 8.90 g kg-1 ARA presented significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than those fed the other diets. Based on two-slope broken-line and quadratic curve regression analysis of PWG against dietary ARA levels, optimal dietary ARA levels were determined to be 5.20 g kg-1 and 6.20 g kg-1, respectively. Crabs fed with 4.60 g kg-1 ARA diet showed the lowest activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in hemolymph among all treatments. In hemolymph and hepatopancreas, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the contents of reduced glutathione (GSH) rose first and then dropped with the increase of dietary ARA levels, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) showed an opposite trend. Tissue fatty acid profiles reflected diets fatty acid compositions. The ARA contents in hepatopancreas and muscle significantly increased with the increase of dietary ARA levels. Furthermore, the areas of blasenzellen (B) cells and restzellen (R) cells were significantly downregulated with the increase of dietary ARA levels. Crabs fed with 0.40 g kg-1 ARA diet showed significantly higher gene expression levels of fatty acid synthase (fas) as well as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (acc) among all treatments. Relative gene expression levels of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgd) as well as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) have been significantly upregulated in 0.40 and 2.50 g kg-1 ARA groups. Relative gene expression level of fatty acid binding protein 1 (fabp1) significantly increased in 4.60, 8.90, 12.50, and 15.70 g kg-1 ARA groups. However, the gene expression levels of fatty acid binding protein 4 (fabp4) as well as scavenger receptor class 2 (srb2) have not been influenced by dietary ARA levels. What is more, crabs fed diets with 4.60, 8.90, 12.50, and 15.70 g kg-1 ARA had a significantly higher expression level of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1) than those fed diets with 0.40 and 2.50 g kg-1 ARA. In summary, optimum dietary ARA can promote growth, enhance antioxidant capacity, and improve health of mud crab juveniles. It also demonstrated that lipogenesis has been restrained with the increasing dietary ARA levels. These findings could provide theoretical guidance and reference for the lipid nutrition research as well as the development of the commercial diet in mud crab.
研究领域:
水产养殖
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营养学
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生物化学
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生理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2020
·
IF 3.225
Qiuyu Zhan,Tao Han,Xinyu Li,Jiteng Wang,Yunxia Yang,Xiaojun Yu,Puqiang Zheng,Teng Liu,Hanying Xu,Chunlin Wang
This study estimated the effects of different dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and the gene expression of key enzymes involved in hepatopancreas lipogenesis and glucose metabolism in mud crab Scylla paramamosain . Crabs with an initial mean weight of 1.84 ± 0.06 g were used in an 8-week experiment to test five diets (C6, C12, C18, C24, C30) formulated to contain increasing levels of carbohydrate, measured as 8.55%, 13.36%, 17.76%, 25.64% and 32.50%, respectively. The results showed that the levels 25.64% and 32.50% improved growth performance, with the best gains at 25.64%. The highest dietary carbohydrate level led to higher hemolymph glucose concentrations and more fat deposition in the body. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of key enzymes in glycolytic and lipogenic metabolism (i.e. glucokinase , fructose-2,6-diphosphatase, and fatty acid synthetase) were significantly affected by the dietary carbohydrate level. The mRNA expression of glucokinase was lowest in the group fed the carbohydrate-rich C30 diet, and the mRNA of fructose-2 and 6-diphosphatase were remarkably expressed in the C24 group ( P < .05). The mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase at the dietary carbohydrate levels 32.50% and 25.64% were respectively 10-fold and 5-fold greater than with 8.55% dietary carbohydrate. The overall data suggest that S. paramamosain can be fed 25.64%–32.50% carbohydrate to achieve satisfactory growth performance. A two-slope broken-line regression analysis of weight gain showed that 24.08% dietary carbohydrate would be optimal for this species reared under similar conditions.
研究领域:
水产养殖学
·
分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Yimin He,Weichuan Lin,Ce Shi,Ronghua Li,Changkao Mu,Chunlin Wang,Yangfang Ye
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most commonly used and toxic phthalate esters and has a variety of harmful effects on aquatic animals. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the accumulation, detoxification, and toxicity of DBP in aquatic animals. In this study, we chose the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus , an ecologically and economically important species, as the model and investigated the metabolism of DBP and its effects on the detoxification, antioxidation, survival and growth of the crab juveniles to better understand DBP-triggered molecular response over different time courses. As a result, DBP could be accumulated in the swimming crab in a concentration-dependent manner and metabolized to monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and phthalic acid (PA) through de-esterification. DBP exposure induced the different responses of three cytochrome P450 members and antioxidant enzyme genes, enhanced gene transcript and protein levels of glutathione-S-transferase and two heat stress proteins and malondialdehyde accumulation, decreased glutathione level, and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities . Further, no significant effect of DBP was observed in crab survival, size, and weight but there was molting retardation. Therefore, DBP induced strong detoxification and antioxidative defense mechanisms to overcome detrimental effects of DBP on the swimming crab juveniles despite a molting retardation as a trade-off in fitness costs. The prevalent coexistence of DBP with MBP and PA during the whole exposure period is raising concerns on the combined action and ecological risk to aquatic animals.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水生毒理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Shunli Che,Mengting Huang,Huiying Ma,Zhicheng Wan,Jianbin Feng,Shuquan Ding,Xilei Li
Nanopolystyrene (NP) and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous contaminants in aquatic systems. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of exposure to ambient concentrations of NP and/or Cd on the intestinal tract of the Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ). Exposure to NP and/or Cd induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a significant increase in lipid peroxide content (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and peroxidase activity (POD), and significant decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in E. sinensis . In addition, exposure to NP and/or Cd imbalanced the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota, as demonstrated by the significantly increased abundance of Spiroplasma . Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to investigate the mechanisms underlying intestinal toxicity. Our results showed that ferroptosis, ABC transporters, phosphotransferase system, apoptosis, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were disturbed after exposure to NP and/or Cd. In particular, Cd exposure affected mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis, purine metabolism, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Intriguingly, co-exposure to NP and Cd might mitigate intestinal toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and affecting these pathways. Taken together, our study clearly demonstrates that exposure to NP and/or Cd at environmentally relevant concentrations causes intestinal toxicity in E. sinensis .
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
·
分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·525
·
IF 5.1
Rongrong Yu,Rongxue Sun,Ning Jiang,Bin Zhang,Cheng Wang,Qianyuan Liu,Zhiqiang Li,Xingna Wang
Crab roe sauce (CRS) is prone to spoilage due to microbial contamination. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of a mixed bio-preservative (0.025% ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PL) + 0.01% nisin (NS) + 0.01% tea polyphenols (TPs)) on the specific spoilage bacteria (SSB) in CRS. First, the SSB in CRS were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Two isolates were selected as representative strains based on their enzymatic spoilage potential and spoilage capability in CRS. By comparing the inhibition zones, ε-PL, NS, and TPs were selected from five conventional bio-preservatives (ε-PL, NS, TPs, grape seed extract (GSE), and rosemary extract (RE)) to prepare the mixed bio-preservative. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the mixed bio-preservative againstBacillus pumilusandBacillus subtiliswas 56.3 µg/mL. The growth curves and cell viability tests revealed that the mixed bio-preservative reduced the viability of both strains. The conductivity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and nucleic acid and soluble protein leakage indicated that the mixed bio-preservative disrupted the integrity of the cell walls and membranes of the two isolates in a concentration-dependent manner. Scanning electron microscopy further confirmed the damage to the cell membranes of the two isolates by the mixed bio-preservative. Overall, the mixed bio-preservative exhibited excellently inhibitory effects on the SSB and could be a promising method for the preservation of CRS.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 390
·期 2
·293-313
·
IF 4.051
Li Zhen-Fang,Hao Shuang-Li,Wang Lan-Min,Qi Hong-Yu,Wang Jia-Ming,Tan Fu-Qing,Yang Wan-Xi
Spermatogenesis is a finely regulated process of germ cell proliferation and differentiation that leads to the production of sperm in seminiferous tubules. Although the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is crucial for spermatogenesis in mammals, its functions and molecular mechanisms in spermatogenesis remain largely unknown in nonmammalian species, particularly in Crustacea. In this study, we first identified es-Raptor (the core component of mTOR complex 1) and es-Rictor (the core component of mTOR complex 2) from the testis of Eriocheir sinensis . Dynamic localization of es-Raptor and es-Rictor implied that these proteins were indispensable for the spermatogenesis of E. sinensis. Furthermore, es-Raptor and es-Rictor knockdown results showed that the mature sperm failed to be released, causing almost empty lumens in the testis. We investigated the reasons for these effects and found that the actin-based cytoskeleton was disrupted in the knockdown groups. In addition, the integrity of the testis barrier (similar to the blood-testis barrier in mammals) was impaired and affected the expression of cell junction proteins. Further study revealed that es-Raptor and es-Rictor may regulate spermatogenesis via both mTORC1- and mTORC2-dependent mechanisms that involve es-rpS6 and es-Akt/es-PKC, respectively. Moreover, to explore the testis barrier in E. sinensis , we established a cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 )–induced testis barrier damage model as a positive control. Morphological and immunofluorescence results were similar to those of the es-Raptor and es-Rictor knockdown groups. Altogether, es-Raptor and es-Rictor were important for spermatogenesis through maintenance of the actin filament network and cell junctions in E. sinensis.
研究领域:
分子生物学
·
生殖生物学
·
甲壳动物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Cell Reports Medicine
·
2025
·
IF 10.6
Kaiyu Xu,Ying Zhang,Yongxuan Chen,Xiaojia Zhu,Yu Li,Longbao Lv,Xiechao He,Zhengfei Hu,Yifan Li,Maosen Ye,Dewei Jiang,Zhanlong He,Weihua Jin,Yanyan Li,Xiaomei Yu,Deng-Feng Zhang,Karl Herrup,Ping Zheng,Yong-Gang Yao,Dong-Dong Wu,Jiali Li
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) gene. Although existing rodent models reproduce some of the multi-systemic features of A-T, they notably fail to recapitulate the severe neurological manifestations, particularly the profound cerebellar atrophy and associated ataxia. To address this limitation, we have generated ATM-deficient rhesus macaques using CRISPR-Cas9. These macaques exhibit hallmark features of A-T, including growth retardation, lymphopenia, elevated a-fetoprotein levels, oculocutaneous telangiectasias, heightened sensitivity to ionizing radiation, and most critically, cerebellar atrophy, Purkinje cell loss, and early-stage cerebellar neurodegeneration leading to significant motor impairments. Single-nucleus transcriptomic profiling of the cerebellum revealed pronounced gene expression changes associated with ATM deficiency, particularly in molecular layer interneurons (MLIs), which are implicated in Purkinje cell loss. This non-human primate model provides deeper insights into the pathogenesis of A-T and represents a promising and valuable platform for developing therapeutic strategies.
研究领域:
神经生物学
·
遗传学
·
分子医学
·
转化医学
·
发育生物学
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基因编辑
·
神经退行性疾病
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
·
2021
·
IF 4.769
Min Pei,Tingting Liu,Lu Ouyang,Jianhua Sun,Xiaojie Deng,Xiaomin Sun,Wei Wu,Peng Huang,Yi-Li Chen,Xiaorong Tan,Xiaoyue Liu,Peng Zhu,Yongzhen Liu,Deheng Wang,Junliang Wu,Qi Wang,Guifeng Wang,Likun Gong,Qiuping Qin,Chunhe Wang
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are commonly heterogeneous and require extensive assessment of exposure-efficacy and exposure-safety relationships in preclinical and clinical studies. In this study, we report the generation of a monoclonal antibody against monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and the development, validation, and application of sensitive and high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure the concentrations of MMAE-conjugated ADCs and total antibodies (tAb, antibodies in ADC plus unconjugated antibodies) in cynomolgus monkey sera. These assays were successfully applied to in vitro plasma stability and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of SMADC001, an MMAE-conjugated ADC against trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2). The plasma stability of SMADC001 was better than that of similar ADCs coupled with PEG4-Val-Cit, Lys (m-dPEG24)-Cit, and Val-Cit linkers. The developed ELISA methods for the calibration standards of ADC and tAb revealed a correlation between serum concentrations and the OD 450 values, with R 2 at 1.000, and the dynamic range was 0.3–35.0 ng/mL and 0.2–22.0 ng/mL, respectively; the intra- and inter-assay accuracy bias% ranged from −12.2% to −5.2%, precision ranged from −12.4% to −1.4%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 6.6% and 8.7%, respectively. The total error was less than 20.4%. The development and validation steps of these two assays met the acceptance criteria for all addressed validation parameters, which suggested that these can be applied to quantify MMAE-conjugated ADCs, as well as in PK studies. Furthermore, these assays can be easily adopted for development of other similar immunoassays.
研究领域:
药理学
·
免疫学
·
生物化学
·
药物开发
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2023
·
IF 6.8
Peng Huang,Jinliang Du,Liping Cao,Jiancao Gao,Quanjie Li,Yi Sun,Nailin Shao,Yuning Zhang,Gangchun Xu
Prometryn, a triazine pesticide product used to control weed growth, poses a high risk to aquatic organisms in the environment. Several toxicological evaluations have been performed on bony fish and shrimp exposed to prometryn. However, there have been no reports conducted on the toxic mechanism of prometryn with regard to Eriocheir sinensis . In this study, our research evaluated the toxic effects of prometryn via in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests on E. sinensis. Firstly, we estimated the exposure toxicity of prometryn to E. sinensis , and then we constructed a 6 h transcriptional profile and conducted an enrichment analysis. To further reveal the toxicity of prometryn, the hepatopancreas (hepatopancreatic cells) was analyzed for antioxidant, immune and lipid-metabolism-related enzymes, antioxidant- and apoptosis-related gene expression, histopathology and TUNEL. From the results, we determined that the 96 h-LD50 was 70.059 mg/kg, and using RNA-seq, we identified 933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in the amino and fatty acid metabolism and the cell-fate-determination-related signaling pathway. The results of the biochemical assays showed that prometryn could significantly decrease the activities/levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, AKP and ACP, reduce the levels of T-AOC, TG, TCH, C3 and C4, and increase the MDA content. In addition, the expression levels of Nrf2 , GSTs and HO-1 were first upregulated and then downregulated with increasing time. Histopathology showed that prometryn damaged the structure of the hepatopancreas cells and induced apoptosis, suggesting that the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the damage process of hepatopancreas cells ( PI3K , PDK and Akt were downregulated whereas Bax was upregulated), leading to their apoptosis. The above results indicated that prometryn could cause injury of the hepatopancreas through oxidative stress, induce cell apoptosis, disrupt the lipid metabolism and cause immune damage. This study provided useful data for understanding and evaluating the toxicity of prometryn to aquatic crustacea.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
分子生物学
·
水生生态学
·
甲壳动物生理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Xinping Guo,Ziang Qian,Su Jiang,Xiaobin Qian,Xianhui Ning,Shaowu Yin,Kai Zhang
The intensification of production practices in the aquaculture industry has led to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics to combat diseases and reduce costs, which has resulted in environmental pollution, posing serious threats to aquaculture sustainability and food safety. However, the toxic effect of florfenicol (FF) exposure on the hepatopancreas of crustaceans remains unclear. Herein, by employing Chinese mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis ) as subjects to investigate the toxic effects on histopathology, oxidative stress, apoptosis and microbiota of hepatopancreas under environment-relevant (0.5 and 5 μg/L), and extreme concentrations (50 μg/L) of FF. Our results revealed that the damage of hepatopancreas tissue structure caused by FF exposure in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Combined with the increased expression of apoptosis-related genes ( Caspase 3 , Caspase 8 , p53 , Bax and Bcl-2 ) at mRNA and protein levels, activation of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, FF exposure also induced oxidative stress, and apoptosis in hepatopancreas. Interestingly, 7 days exposure triggered more pronounced toxic effect in crabs than 14 days under environment-relevant FF concentration. Integrated biomarker response version 2 (IBRv2) index indicated that 14 days FF exposure under extreme concentration has serious toxicity effect on crabs. Furthermore, 14 days exposure to FF changed the diversity and composition of hepatopancreas microbiota leading remarkable increase of pathogenic microorganism Spirochaetes following exposure to 50 μg/L of FF. Taken together, our study explained potential mechanism of FF toxicity on hepatopancreas of crustaceans, and provided a reference for the concentration of FF to be used in culture of Chinese mitten crab.
研究领域:
水产养殖
·
毒理学
·
环境科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Qi Sun,Jun Dong,Zehui Su,Xuanyun Huang,Xiaoning Gao,Kun Hu,Xiaoling Gong
This study evaluates the impact of environmentally relevant, low-concentration deltamethrin exposure to Eriocheir sinensis ovaries. Our findings revealed that even at a concentration of 0.05 µg/L, deltamethrin exposure can induce significant ovarian toxicity through a 5-day exposure, with gradual amplification detected with time, demonstrating the toxicity amplification effect. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining revealed that low-concentration deltamethrin exposure produces pathological damage consistent with acute toxicity—yolk granules were dissolved and oocyte membranes were ruptured. High-throughput RNA-sequencing data indicated that the acute and low-concentration exposure groups involved completely different pathways and molecular functions, suggesting distinct mechanisms for their toxic effects. Following the identification of phospholipase D (PLD) as a potential core factor regulating the toxicity amplification effect of low concentration deltamethrin, we delved into subsequent mechanism studies using quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Through the GnRH signaling pathway, increased PLD indirectly stimulates augmented estradiol secretion, subsequently inducing apoptosis by upregulating Cathepsin D, which can activate the key executioners of apoptosis—caspases (CASP3 and CASP7). In conclusion, low-concentration deltamethrin exposures can induce significant ovarian damage through apoptosis mediated by the upregulation of PLD in the ovaries of Eriocheir sinensis at environmentally relevant concentrations, which lays the preliminary theoretical groundwork for further elucidating the mechanism of toxicity amplification effect of pesticide exposure at low concentrations.
研究领域:
环境毒理学
·
分子生物学
·
水生生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）