CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 16.744
Pu Hou,Chenxiang Gao,Jian Wang,Jiuzhou Zhang,Yang Liu,Jiyou Gu,Pengfei Huo
In recent years, more and more people have realized the importance of green and sustainable development. Wood as the most abundant natural biodegradable material on the earth, the preparation of high strength transparent wood (TW) by filling the delignified wood (DW) with resin is a hot research topic at present. Taking this as inspiration, here gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) with high ionic conductivity were prepared by using DW as substrate, polyurethane (PU) with different ratios of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (DMPA) as filling polymer matrix and lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ) as electrolyte through vacuum perfusion method, and applied in solid-state supercapacitors (SCs) with activated carbon as working electrodes. The cell cavity retained in DW provided a controllable ion transport channel, which further improved the efficiency of ion transport and storage. The synthesized DW-PU 1.00 -GPE possessed a splendid ionic conductivity of 2.90 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at room temperature (RT). The solid-state SCs assembled with the DW-PU 1.00 -GPE also displayed the highest specific capacitance of 157.7 F g −1 at 0.3 A g −1 , the outstanding E cell of 11.49 W h kg −1 and a long cycling life of 4000 cycles with 95 % capacitance retention and nearly 100 % coulomb efficiency. The DW-PU-GPEs achieve efficient Li + transport with the help of rich internal cavities, especially showing excellent ion conductivity which possess a great development prospect in the application of SCs and broaden the application of wood in the field of electrochemistry.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 32
·期 4
·1779-1787
·
IF 1.689
Cai Hangchuan,Wang Zhiqi,Xie Di,Zhao Panpan,Sun Jianping,Qin Daoyu,Cheng Fangchao
Transparent wood has potential application in intelligent building, solar cell, electronics, and other advanced materials, while its single functionability hinders its further development. Flexible transparent wood (FTW) was prepared by alkaline pretreatment and bleaching treatment of paulownia wood followed by impregnation of epoxy resin and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EDGE). The effect of delignification degree on the optical and mechanical properties of FTW was studied, and the influence of the epoxy/EDGE ratio on the flexibility and mechanical properties of FTW was also investigated. The results showed that higher delignification degree resulted in higher transmittance of FTW. More EDGE addition led to better flexibility of FTW, while overmuch addition of EDGE will reduce the mechanical properties. The optimal FTW sample resulted in a high transmittance of 89% and an ultrahigh haze value of 97% with outstanding flexibility and excellent mechanical properties. The investigation of FTW broadens the research field of transparent wood, and provides great possibility for its application in flexible wearable devices and flexible materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
林业工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 6.309
Zhe Qiu,Zefang Xiao,Likun Gao,Jian Li,Haigang Wang,Yonggui Wang,Yanjun Xie
Optically transparent wood (TW) is an emerging candidate for applications in energy efficient buildings . In this study, anti-ultraviolet and infrared heat shielding TW was prepared based on the delignification of the wood's substrate. This was followed by infiltration of pre-polymerized methyl methacrylate (PMMA) with modified antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles . The ATO addition enhanced the interfacial bonding among the compounds, which improved the fracture strength , leading to a high fracture strength of 96.4 MPa and modulus of 4.27 GPa with addition of 0.3% ATO. Furthermore, the obtained ATO/TW exhibited high transparency, excellent near infrared (NIR) heat shielding performance, and ultraviolet (UV) shielding properties according to the ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer measurement, the infrared heat shielding simulation test, and the UV-shielding test. The TW treated with 0.3% ATO still maintained a very low thermal conductivity of around 0.2 W m −1 K −1 . After addition of 0.7% ATO, the obtained TW had a quite low UV transmittance of ＜20%. The Aspergillus niger maintained high viability after UV irradiation treatment when shielded with TW treated with 0.7% ATO. The findings indicate that the multifunctional and durable ATO/TW has a potential to be used as energy-saving building material .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源与建筑
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2017
·
IF 5.951
Wentao Gan,Shaoliang Xiao,Likun Gao,Runan Gao,Jian Li,Xianxu Zhan
Natural wood is functionalized using the index matching poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and luminescent γ-Fe2O3@YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles to form a novel type of luminescent and transparent wood composite. First, the delignified wood template was obtained from natural wood through a lignin removal process, which can be used as a support for transparent polymer and phosphor nanoparticles. Then, the functionalization occurs in the lumen of wood, which benefits from PMMA that fills the cell lumen and enhances cellulose nanofiber interaction, leading to wood composites with excellent thermal properties, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties. More importantly, this wood composite displays a high optical transmittance in a broad wavelength range between 350 and 800 nm, magnetic responsiveness, and brightly colored photoluminescence under UV excitation at 254 nm. The unique properties and green nature of the luminescent wood composite have great potential in applications including green LED lighting equipment, luminescent magnetic switches, and anti-counterfeiting facilities.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
·
林业工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Research and Technology-JMR&T
·
2021
·
IF 5.039
Lechen Yang,Yan Wu,Feng Yang,Wenhao Wang
As one of the most sustainable resources, wood has been widely used in the fields of construction, decoration, flooring and furniture. The emergence of transparent wood further expands the application fields of wood to solar cells, luminescent magnetic switches, artificial electronic skins and stress sensors. However, most of the transparent woods reported are obtained by impregnating resins such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), epoxy resin (EP) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Here, we demonstrated a flexible transparent wood prepared based on a deep eutectic solvent composed of acrylic acid and choline chloride. The light-absorbing chromophore group of natural wood was removed by the sodium chlorite delignification method to obtain the treated wood template, then the deep eutectic solvent was infiltrated into the wood template, and the final transparent wood was obtained by photo-initiated polymerization. This transparent wood has excellent stretchability (maximum tensile strain up to 73.9%), flexibility and tensile resilience. Moreover, this transparent wood also has good electrical conductivity and temperature sensing properties. The electrical signal of transparent wood has very favorable stability and repeatability in multiple heating–cooling cycles, indicating its great potential as a temperature sensor.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
可持续材料
·
高分子科学
·
传感器技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Mingjie Guo,Ying Pan,Shengjun Xu,Wei Wang,Yan Zhang,Shaodan Xu,Dihua Wu,Dong Zhang,Suling Zhang,Ting Lü,Hongting Zhao
Transparent wood (TW), an emerging sustainable material with high optical transmittance and mechanical strength, is hindered by the inherent flammability of its cellulose-lignin matrix, posing fire risks. To address this, we developed an eco-friendly flame-retardant TW by integrating phosphorylated sodium alginate (PSA)-filled delignified wood with polyurethane acrylic resin (PUA). Delignified balsa wood was freeze-dried into a porous structure, functionalized with PSA, and reinforced with UV-cured PUA. Structural characterization confirmed uniform PSA coating on delignified wood channels, introducing phosphorus groups that enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy. Combustion tests revealed self-extinguishing behavior in PSA-modified delignified woods, reducing peak heat release rate (pHRR) by 67 % and total heat release (THR) by 80 % versus delignified wood. The final PUA/wood-PSA3 composite demonstrated a 27 % pHRR reduction and 47 % lower THR compared to pure PUA, alongside 61 % less smoke emission. Optical transmittance of composites decreased moderately due to PSA's light absorption, while tensile strengths of PUA/wood composites surged to 30 MPa owing to the aligned cellulose scaffold. The flame-retardant mechanisms were investigated using characterization of the char residue and molecular dynamics simulations. These methods demonstrated the effectiveness of phosphorus-induced char formation and radical quenching in enhancing fire safety while preserving essential material properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
木材科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2025
·
IF 5.8
Yanbing Zhang,Xilin Zhou,Jingtai Zhang,Caixia Liu,Huihui Liu,Ruocai Bai,Siyi He,Linjun Zhong,Yan Wu
This study developed a metal salt-based deep eutectic solvent (MDES) process to fabricate transparent wood from ( Chamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. var. formosana (Hayata) Rehd. ). Lactic acid combined with zinc chloride, copper chloride, or iron chloride formed the solvent, which effectively achieved primarily through the selective modification of lignin chromophores rather than extensive delignification, with only 2.78–3.99 % lignin removal while preserving the cellulose microstructure. Subsequent epoxy vacuum impregnation created a continuous phase within the DES-treated wood template. The resulting transparent wood exhibited exceptional optical performance with 90.8 % transmittance and 46 % haze, along with remarkable mechanical properties including 470 MPa tensile strength and 7.2 % elongation at break. The material also showed significantly improved water resistance with 142 % reduction in water absorption. Furthermore, the coordination between metal ions and lignin enabled effective color tuning, producing reddish-brown, bluish-green, and yellowish-red hues with Fe 3+ , Cu 2+ , and Zn 2+ respectively. This work provides an efficient and sustainable strategy for producing transparent wood with customizable optical and aesthetic properties.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Mingjie Guo,Ying Pan,Wei Wang,Lulu Xu,Yan Zhang,Haifeng Pan,Shaodan Xu,Dihua Wu,Dong Zhang,Suling Zhang,Ting Lü,Hongting Zhao
This study proposes a bioinspired char-forming architecture to develop fire-safe transparent wood. This is achieved by synergistically incorporating phosphorylated cellulose (PC) into wood aerogels. The incorporation of PC enhances the flame retardancy of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) composites. The PC was synthesized through phosphorous acid modification of microcrystalline cellulose and then uniformly distributed within delignified wood aerogels. These aerogels were subsequently impregnated with UV-curable PUA resin to produce transparent wood structures. The PC-modified wood exhibited excellent flame-retardant properties, including self-extinguishing behavior and the formation of continuous, thermally stable char layers during combustion. Structural and chemical characterizations using FTIR, XPS, SEM, and elemental mapping confirmed successful integration of PC into the wood matrix. Thermal analysis (TGA) and micro-scale combustion calorimetry showed a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (pHRR) (by 42 %) and an increase in char yield (up to 36 wt%). Phosphorylated cellulose-functionalized wood aerogels endowed PUA composites with 26 % lower pHRR and 25 % reduced total heat release (THR) via char-formation-dominated flame-retardant mechanisms. Importantly, the modified transparent wood retained high optical transmittance (∼50 %) and mechanical strength (∼30 MPa tensile strength), making it suitable for multifunctional applications. To better understand the flame-retardant mechanism, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted, demonstrating the barrier role of the char layer in suppressing the release of flammable gases.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子复合材料
·
阻燃材料
·
生物质材料
·
绿色建筑材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Nian Zhang,Xingbei Zhou,Shiyan Yin,Xuan Wang,Hang Su,Xu Yang,Yaoli Zhang,Liping Cai,Jianxiong Lv
In the effort to multi-functionalize transparent wood, photochromic transparent wood (PTW) was investigated. However, previous studies reported unsatisfactory overall performance of PTW in terms of optical and light response time, posing significant challenges for its applications in areas such as photochromic lenses, smart doors, and windows. A transparent wood composite exhibiting rapid photochromic performance was fabricated by infusing delignified wood with a pre-polymerized methyl methacrylate (PMMA) solution containing microcapsules of 1,3,3-trimethylindoline-6′-(1-piperidinyl)spirooxazine and 3,3-dimethyl-3H-naphthaleno[2,1-b] pyran. Microcapsules were uniformly dispersed within the wood cell cavities and copolymerized with PMMA, thereby endowing the material with superior optical transparency (73%), enhanced mechanical strength (30.2 MPa), excellent photosensitivity (1 s response time, 390 s recovery time), and effective anti-glare performance. Compared with traditional photochromic materials, the composites developed in this study exhibit not only enhanced color-changing response speed but also improved stability, thereby ensuring their reliability for long-term applications (50 cycles). Owing to these distinctive properties, the photochromic transparent wood composite is poised for broad use in intelligent windows, energy-efficient buildings, privacy panels, and dynamic interior design, color-changing lenses, automotive and aerospace, solar energy and light management, and other intelligent optical devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
高分子科学
·
纳米技术
·
智能材料
·
木材科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Xueru Sheng,Chi Zhang,Nan Pan,Ruisen Shi,Haiyuan Jia,Jian Zhang,Na Li,Haiqiang Shi,Bing Wang,Qingwei Ping
Transparent wood is regarded as a potential lightweight building and energy storage material with a promising future in the field of energy conservation engineering. However, the relationship between the process parameters and product performance remains unclear. Here, the authors report a lignin-based sustainable transparent wood (LTW) composite. At the same time, the preparation parameters and product performance were quantitatively analyzed in multiple dimensions. Initially, according to the response surface method of weighted regression analysis, under the optimum conditions of an impregnation temperature of 140 °C, impregnation time of 1.5 h, and phenolic ratio of 1:2, LTW-11 had the highest composite score (transmittance: 68.34%, impregnation rate: 1029.2%) and good chromatic aberration performance (L: 24.61, A: 3.50, B: 6.92). Then, linear analysis showed that the thermal performance was strongly correlated with the total color difference ΔE (R2 = 0.57983). In addition, a life cycle assessment was performed for the LTW and ETW to determine the differences between the two. The results showed that compared with ETW, the global warming potential (GWP) of LTW declined by 75.37% in the resin immersion stage and 34.58% in the resin synthesis stage. The combined decrease was 65.84%, confirming that LTW had both environmentally friendly and commercial potential to reduce environmental impact and replace traditional petroleum-based materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
高分子科学
·
建筑材料
·
可持续技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2022
·
IF 10.723
Yan Jiang,Mengyang Zhang,Mengling Weng,Xiuyu Liu,Xianjian Rong,Qin Huang,Guoning Chen,Shuangfei Wang,Lijun Wang
Hemicellulose plays a vital role in nature wood matrix. Here, we first demonstrate the significance of hemicellulose for improving the microstructure and macroscopic properties of transparent wood (i.e. wood/polymer composite), an emerging structural material. A delignified basswood templet with high hemicellulose content (~23 wt%) and well-preserved cellulose supramolecular structure was prepared via a peracetic acid-based process. This hemicellulose-rich delignified wood templet possesses nearly intact cell wall structure and sufficient space in the lumen and middle lamella for petroleum-based polymer space-filling. Consequently, the resultant hemicellulose-rich wood/PMMA composite exhibits high optical transmittance (~85 %), medium haze (~72 %), acceptable optical stability as well as excellent mechanical strength (tensile strength of 165.3 MPa and toughness of 1.65 MJ/m 3 ), benefitting from the absence of microstructural defects and heterogeneity in the matrix. It is anticipated that our study would provide new insights into the fabrication of advanced transparent wood material from the point-of-view of wood chemical composition .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
木材科学与技术
·
光学材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2019
·Vol. 7
·期 28
·8649-8654
·
IF 6.641
Lihong Wang,Yanjun Liu,Xiyun Zhan,Dan Luo,Xiaowei Sun
Transparent wood with high optical transmittance, excellent thermal insulation and high toughness has attracted significant attention as an energy-saving building material. Many research efforts were dedicated to functional transparent wood, from luminescent to electrochromic transparent wood. However, photochromic transparent wood that is highly desirable and critical for smart window applications has been rarely studied. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate photochromic transparent wood with photo-switching of transmittance in the visible light region and color tuning properties. The photochromic transparent wood was obtained by infiltrating the lignin modified wood template with a mixture of photochromic material 3′,3′-dimethyl-6-nitro-spiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline]-1′-ethanol (DNSE) and pre-polymerized methyl methacrylate (MMA). This photochromic transparent wood exhibits a vibrant purple-to-colorless color change under the illumination of light. In addition, dichroic dye material doped photochromic woods were studied for providing more color change choices. The proposed photochromic transparent wood shows potential applications in mechanically robust, energy-efficient, photo-switchable, and colorful smart windows on a large scale.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
能源效率
·
智能材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）