Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
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2016
·Vol. 4
·期 1
·123-130
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IF 4.532
Rui-Huan Duan,Jin-Ni Shen,Chen-Sheng Lin,Peng-Fei Liu,Hua Lin,Shang-Xiong Huang-Fu,Hua-Jun Zhao,Muhammad Ali Khan,Ling Chen
Two new pentanary sulfides Ba3La4Ga2Sb2S15 (1) and BaLa3GaSb2S10 (2) have been discovered by high temperature solid state reactions. Ba3La4Ga2Sb2S15 features a new zero-dimensional structure type, which consists of unique isolated Sb2S7 dimers and GaS4 tetrahedra. In contrast, with less GaS4 tetrahedra in the formula, BaLa3GaSb2S10 forms a one-dimensional structure which is constructed by teeter-totter (SbS4)n chains and isolated GaS4 tetrahedra. On the basis of UV/Vis spectroscopy, their band gaps are determined to be 2.42 and 2.15 eV, respectively, which are much wider than that of analogue La4FeSb2S10 (1.0 eV). In addition, theoretical studies illustrate the important role of Ga in expanding the band gaps with respect to Fe atoms. The calculated crystal orbital Hamilton population and electron localization function confirm that the long Sb–S bonds in Ba3La4Ga2Sb2S15 (2.932(2) Å) and BaLa3GaSb2S10 (3.216(5) and 3.219(5) Å) have weak but nonnegligible bonding interactions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 7.7
Cheng Huang,Kun Li,Hong Zhang,Wenwen Zhang,Yanlin Sun,Shujie Xing,Ying Shao,Jing Zhu,Yalan Chen,Long Chen
In this study, a solid adsorbent based on Chinese gallotannin and chitosan was generated and applied to adsorb rare and scattered metals, including Ge (Ⅳ), Ga (Ⅲ), and In (Ⅲ), from simulated zinc plant leachates. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) were performed to characterize the grafting way of Chinese gallotannin on the chitosan matrix. It was clearly showed that Chinese gallotannin was immobilized on the chitosan by Schiff-base condensation and phenol-formaldehyde reaction at the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to tannin of 2:1. And the amount of chitosan amino groups was ten times that of tannin, with an initial pH of 4. The adsorption experiments showed that an appropriate increase in pH was more beneficial to enhance the adsorption capacity of immobilized Chinese gallotannin (ICGT). At a temperature exceeding 30 °C, the immobilized tannin became less sensitive to temperature. Adsorption kinetics studies showed that the adsorption of the three scattered metals by ICGT followed a quasi-second-order kinetic equation , with chemisorption as the mechanism. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Langmuir model, indicating uniform adsorption sites on the surface of ICGT. The adsorption capacities of Ge (Ⅳ), Ga (Ⅲ), and In (Ⅲ) in solution by the adsorption model of monolayer were 61.39 mg/g, 63.82 mg/g, and 59.92 mg/g, respectively. Mechanical property and stability tests showed that ICGT had good resistance to harsh adsorption conditions of scattered metal ions .
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·
IF 3.807
Kui Liu,Yufeng Gao,Zhengyan Fang,Xiangyu Zhou,Yue Ma,Hanyu Wu,Mingliang Kang,Biao Wang
In the electrowinning or chemical reductive extraction process, those mass transfer kinetic parameters , for instance the diffusion coefficient in the liquid cathode or medium, have a strong impact upon the practical extraction rate and separation efficiency. This work aims to calculate the diffusion coefficient of uranium in liquid gallium with galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and to deduce its corresponding activation energy . By analyzing the data of GITT, before U saturation in liquid gallium at the temperature range of 673-873 K, the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients of uranium in liquid gallium was measured as ln D U Ga = − 6.90 ± 1.03 − 1.2 ± 0.8 × 10 3 T and the corresponding activation energy was determined as E a = −11.0 ± 6.7 kJ/mol. The possible source of errors to calculate the diffusion coefficients, such as reference electrode, small solubility of uranium in gallium, side reactions and geometrical approximation of cathode in the theory formula are also presented and discussed.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化工工程
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核工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Chen Li,Chuncai Zhou,Ye Quan,Shihai Xu,Zixuan Wang,Zhiguo Li,Xin Li,Guijian Liu,Jin Wang
Adsorption of gallium (Ga) utilizing solid waste synthetic materials can achieve both high-value solid waste use and solve the supply–demand paradox of Ga. To efficiently recover Ga in solution, this article describes a hydrothermal synthesis technique of mesoporous materials from the acid leaching residue of coal fly ash (CFA). According to the findings, the mesoporous silica synthesized by hydrothermal reaction with CTAB: nSiO 3 2- =1:0.085 around 120℃ during 24 h exhibits a maximum specific surface area (771.25 m 2 /g) along with hexagonal mesoporous structure. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model that has an excellent correlation coefficient (R 2 > 0.99) can explain this adsorption system. Since Freundlich model fits this adsorption action better, the process is multi-molecular layer adsorption. The thermodynamic fitting results show that the adsorption of Ga by mesoporous silica is an endothermic and spontaneous chaotic reaction. The adsorption mechanism could be depicted using ion exchange and coupling. The adsorption efficiency of Ga is still higher than 80 % after the material has been regenerated by multiple resolution. In conclusion, mesoporous silica prepared by CFA acid leaching residue has the potential to adsorb Ga.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 8.1
Rui Qin,Ji Chen,Yan Bai
NdFeB waste serves not only as a crucial resource for the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) but also as an underutilized source of gallium (Ga). In this work, to simultaneously extract REEs and Ga from NdFeB waste, an efficient and novel method was developed, which involved the process of leaching, reduction, solvent extraction, precipitation, and calcination. Initially, the Pr, Nd, and Ga were co-leached with 5 mol/L HCl and liquid-solid ratio (mL/g) of 5:1 at 90 °C for 150 min, resulting in the leaching rate of Pr, Nd, and Ga were 98 %, 99 %, and 98 %, respectively. Secondly, to mitigate the interference of Fe (III) on the extraction process, Fe (III) was reduced to Fe (II) completely using Fe powder for 10 min, given that the excess iron powder factor was 1.2. Then, the tributyl phosphate (TBP) was chosen as the extractant for Ga due to its high selectivity. Under the optimal conditions, three-stage counter-current extraction achieved an extraction efficiency of 99 % for Ga, with the addition of 10 % isodecanol to eliminate the third phase. The gallium was completely stripped by water at a phase ratio (O/A) of 2:1. Subsequently, di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid was selected as the Pr and Nd extractant because of its high separation ability between REEs and Fe (II). The extraction efficiency of Pr and Nd achieved more than 99 % through three-stage counter-current extraction and the entire stripping of Pr and Nd was realized by 1.8 mol/L HCl. Additionally, a significant amount of Fe (II) in the raffinate was treated via adding oxalic acid to obtain FeC 2 O 4 ⋅ 2H 2 O. Finally, the Ga 2 O 3 and Nd 2 O 3 (PrO 2 ) were prepared from the stripping solution. According to the whole process, the yield of Ga, Pr, and Nd was 93.4 %, 97 %, and 98 %, with the purity of Ga 2 O 3 and Nd 2 O 3 (PrO 2 ) being 98.6 % and 98.4 %, respectively. The results suggested that the stepwise recovery of REEs and Ga from NdFeB waste can be achieved.
研究领域:
材料科学
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冶金工程
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资源回收
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DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2022
·
IF 5.545
Huang Meng,Huang Wenbin,Li Anqi,Yang Han,Jia Yijing,Yu Zhiqing,Xu Zhusong,Wang Xiaohan,Zhou Yasong,Wei Qiang
Experiments were carried out to research the different contents of Ga2O3 modification effects on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) performance of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) catalyzed by the stepwise impregnation method. Characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, HRTEM, NH3-TPD, and Py-FTIR were performed to determine the effects of each modification of the catalyst by Ga on the properties of the prepared supports and catalysts. The catalytic effect of gallium is reflected in the fact that the empty d-orbitals of Ga elements participate in the formation of molecular orbitals in the active center and change their orbital properties, thus generating a direct desulfurization active phase suitable for complex sulfides for endpoint adsorption. The characterization results indicated that the introduction of Ga2O3 with appropriate content (2 wt.%) promoted Ni and Mo species to disperse uniformly and doping of more Ni atoms into the MoS2 crystals, which also increased the average stacking number and the length of MoS2. As a result, more NiMoS active phases were favored to form in the system. The specific surface area and the amounts of acid sites were increased, facilitating the adsorption of reactant molecules and the HDS reactions. The HDS results also suggested the effects of Ga modification play a very important role in the catalytic performance of the corresponding catalysts. The catalyst Ga–Ni–Mo/Al2O3 exhibited the highest conversion rate towards 4,6-DMDBT HDS when the amount of Ga2O3 loading was 2 wt.% with an LHSV of 2.5 h−1 at 290°C and Ga modification also can effectively improve the direct desulfurization (DDS) route selectivity in varying degrees.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Energy Materials
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2020
·
IF 4.473
Chao Chen,Yao Sun,Linchun He,Masashi Kotobuki,Emil Hanc,Yu Chen,Kaiyang Zeng,Li Lu
The Garnet-type solid electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) showing high ionic conductivity and a wide electrochemical potential window is considered as one of the most promising candidates for solid-state batteries. Among various doping derivatives, the Al- and Ga-doped LLZO electrolytes are intensively studied because of their ability to enhance the stability of the cubic structure and to promote good sinter ability as well. Despite showing great similarities in site preference and sintering behavior, the Al and Ga doping derivatives differ by 1 order of magnitude in total ionic conductivity. Therefore, a comparative study on the doping characteristics of Al and Ga with respect to ionic conductivity and sintering behavior is necessary. Herein, we simultaneously introduced Al and Ga into Li sites (AlxGa0.25–x-LLZO) to study their influences on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of LLZO. The results show that Ga doping enables a higher conductivity than Al doping and largely promotes sinter ability at the same time. Compared to Al single doping (Al0.25), Ga-contained compositions (x < 0.25) show significant grain growth. Moreover, a slight inclusion of Ga (Al0.20Ga0.05) not only modifies the sintering behavior that results in a microstructure transition from fine grains of Al0.25 (5–20 μm) to abnormally large grains (several hundred micrometers) but also greatly enhances the conductivity, yielding a value that is 3 times higher. However, further increases in Ga ratio in AlxGa0.25–x results in marginal increases in conductivity. The total conductivity reaches a maximum of 1.19 × 10–3 S cm–1 for Ga single doping (Ga0.25) at room temperature. In addition, Al0.25 also shows fast ion conducting behavior along the grain boundaries with a conductivity of 8.30 × 10–4 S cm–1. Consequently, this study sheds lights on the different doping characteristics between Al and Ga, providing guidance for fine composition engineering of these two promising dopants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Ruize Gao,Haisen Peng,Qiongqiong He,Zhen Meng,Pengxu Xiang,Lihua Hou,Zhenyong Miao
Lithium (Li), gallium (Ga), and rare earth elements (REEs) are essential in various industries due to their wide range of applications, and extraction of rare metals from coal fly ash (CFA) has become a hot topic in recent years. This study investigates the simultaneous leaching of Li, Ga, and REEs from CFA using both inorganic and organic acids. High leaching efficiencies, exceeding 90%, were achieved for Li (90.4%), Ga (90.5%), and REEs (92.7%) with 3 M HCl leaching. The leaching efficiency of citric acid is lower, but it can achieve a leaching rate of 70–80% at low concentration (0.5 M). A novel two-stage acid leaching approach is proposed for the selective leaching of Li and Ga from CFA. In the first step, 1 M HCl leaching results in the leaching of most Li (71.12%) and a small amount of Ga (2.63%). Subsequently, 2 M HCl leaching led to the leaching of a small amount of Li (18.14%) and most of Ga (83.93%). The silicic acid gel produced during low HCl concentration leaching exhibited a stronger affinity for Ga 3+ than for Li + , with significantly higher adsorption energy for Ga (−211.554 kcal/mol) compared to that for Li (−3.481 kcal/mol). This two-stage acid leaching process ingeniously utilized H 2 SiO 3 to achieve the selective separation and leaching of Li and Ga.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Today Communications
·
2025
·
IF 4.5
Shengchao Yang,Jinpeng Qiao,Chao Kang,Mengyao Sun,Sheng Dong,Yuqian Zhao,Wenhao Sun,Yundong Yang,Chenlong Duan
Gallium is a strategic key metal, and its demand is increasing. Coal gangue is a kind of mine solid waste with huge reserves. Extracting gallium from coal gangue can realize high value-added utilization of solid waste. In this study, toluene-2,4-diisocyanate and polyether polyol were used to synthesize a new high-performance polyurethane foam adsorbent under triethanolamine catalytic. The feasibility of preparing polyurethane foams with different raw material ratios and the differences in their physicochemical properties were explored, and the optimal ratio of polyether polyol to toluene-2,4-diisocyanate was found to be 3.5. Adsorption tests of gallium ions in gangue acid leachate were carried out to determine the feasibility of adsorption of gallium by polyurethane foam in low gallium concentration solution, and the adsorption rate was 83.90% under the optimal conditions. The adsorption mechanism of polyurethane foam was revealed, indicating that Ga 3+ complexed with Cl - adsorbed on polyurethane groups (—COONH—), before adsorption need to use hydroxylamine hydrochloride to remove Fe 3+ in solution. The adsorption process can be described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model, conforms to Langmuir adsorption model, and belongs to the chemisorption. The reaction belongs to endothermic reaction. The foam still has good adsorption effect after multiple adsorptions, which opens up a new way for the recovery and utilization of gallium in coal gangue.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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冶金工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TALANTA
·
2019
·
IF 4.916
Xiaojun He,Chenglin Wu,Yuna Qian,Yahui Li,Feng Ding,Zhihua Zhou,Jianliang Shen
The semi-metallic element gallium has repeatedly shown bio-activities in preclinical and clinical studies. Gallium derivatives have already entered clinical trials for treatment of various refractory malignancies. To better monitor or track the status of administered gallium compound, herein a novel fluorescent probe N,N',N'',N'''-Tetrakis(2-hydroxybenzylidene)biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetramine (bis-salophen) has been designed and synthesized. The bis-salophen probe was found to recognize gallium ions (Ga 3+ ) with high selectivity and sensitivity over other cations via fluorescence “turn on” strategy. The spectroscopy results exhibited a 1:2 stoichiometry for probe and Ga 3+ , and the association constant and limit of detection were calculated as 8.85 × 10 6 M −1 and 13.0 nM, respectively. Additionally, base on spectroscopy and theoretical research, the mechanism of Ga 3+ sensing action was explored by density functional theory (DFT), which indicated suppression of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) action along with the interruption of π-conjugation between salicylaldehyde and 3,3-diaminobenzidine backbone by Ga 3+ ions. Furthermore, the biological applicability of bis-salophen probe were evaluated in various normal and cancer cell lines, results have shown that this probe is highly selective and sensitive for cancer cells. Finally, zebrafish imaging confirmed and indicated that the probe is also capable of examining Ga 3+ ions. Collectively, these results suggest that we have successfully developed a novel probe for selective and sensitive detection of Ga 3+ ions both in living cells and zebrafish. We expect that our work here will shed light on future development of Ga 3+ detecting probes and wider application in the filed of biology and medicine shall be anticipated.
研究领域:
生物化学
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医学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 3
·218
·
IF 3.444
Shaoxia Guo,Guilong Liu,Tong Han,Ziyang Zhang,Yuan Liu
Owing to the outstanding catalytic performance for higher alcohol synthesis, Ga-Co catalysts have attracted much attention. In view of their unsatisfactory stability and alcohol selectivity, herein, K-modulated Co nanoparticles trapped in La-Ga-O catalysts were prepared by the reduction of La1−xKxCo0.65Ga0.35O3perovskite precursor. Benefiting from the atomic dispersion of all the elements in the precursor, during the reduction of La1−xKxCo0.65Ga0.35O3, Co nanoparticles could be confined into the K-modified La-Ga-O composite oxides, and the confinement of La-Ga-O could improve the anti-sintering performance of Co nanoparticles. In addition, the addition of K modulated parts of La-Ga-O into La2O3, which ameliorated the anti-carbon deposition performance. Finally, the addition of K increased the dispersion of cobalt and provided more electron donors to metallic Co, resulting in a high activity and superior selectivity to higher alcohols. Benefiting from the above characteristics, the catalyst possesses excellent activity, good selectivity, and superior stability.Keywords:perovskite-type oxide (PTO);cobalt;gallium;potassium;higher alcohols;syngas
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化材料
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Catalysts
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 4
·673
·
IF 3.9
Jinghu Zhu,Hui Liu,Xueyan Zhou,Zhijun Wang,Liancheng Bing,Dezhi Han,Guangjian Wang,Fang Wang
Cu-based catalysts, modified by gallium addition via the stepwise co-precipitation method, were studied for the liquid phase hydrogenation of hydroxypivalaldehyde (HPA) to neopentyl glycol (NPG). Through physico-chemical techniques, the effects of gallium introduction on the Cu trimetallic catalyst performance and the reaction mechanism of HPA hydrogenation were discussed. The characterization results showed that gallium introduction can influence the dispersion, reduction, and distribution of active Cu species, as well as their reactivity. Herein, the catalyst with 2 wt% gallium addition exhibited excellent catalytic performance with HPA conversion rate and NPG selectivity of 93.5% and 95.5%, at a reaction pressure of 3 MPa, temperature of 110 °C, hydrogen-aldehyde ratio (molar ratio) 10:1, and liquid space-time at a speed of 8.4 h−1. The good performance could be attributed to gallium doping tending to dynamically tune the interaction between the components, increasing Cu dispersion and the distributions of Cu+and Cu0species on the catalyst surfaces.Keywords:HPA hydrogenation;NPG synthesis;Cu-based catalyst;gallium modification;Cu+/Cu0
研究领域:
化学工程
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催化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）