JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 3.1
Yizhou Xu,Zhichao Zhang,Ziqing Gong,Shengfei Hu
This article reports the preparation of a multi-layer core-shell flame retardant (APP@SiO 2 @MA) using melamine (MA), ethyl silicate (TEOS), and γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy) propyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) as raw materials, coated with ammonium polyphosphate (APP). Apply the flame retardant to PPO/PS composite materials to improve their flame retardant properties and investigate its effect on the foaming performance of PPO/PS composite materials. This article confirms the successful microencapsulation of APP by SiO 2 and MA through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. The combustion performance of P samples and their foam samples was evaluated through thermogravimetric analysis (TG), limit oxygen index (LOI), and UL-94 vertical combustion test, the residual carbon quality significantly increased from 17% of PPO/PS to 38%, and the maximum oxygen index increased from 22.9% to 30.5%. At 165°C and 3.5 MPa foaming conditions, the foaming ratio increased from 1.18 to 4.56 times, and the maximum oxygen index after foaming was 27.9%. This study provides a green and convenient method for the preparation of flame-retardant PPO/PS bead foam materials, expanding the practical application of PPO/PS in industry.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Feijing Xu,Zhaojian Ding,Shanjun Gao,Chunhui Shen
In this study, an intumescent flame retardant exhibiting a synergistic effect was synthesized through the combination of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and a triazine-based char-forming agent (CFA). Polypropylene (PP), hydrogenated styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SEBS), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), triazine carbonating agent (CFA), azodicarbonamide (ADC) and SiO 2 nanoparticles were used as raw materials for the hot pressing of flame-retardant-modified PP/SEBS foams. The synergistic interaction between APP and CFA not only significantly improves the flame retardant properties of PP/SEBS foamed materials but also ensures the formation of an excellent cellular structure. Experimental findings indicate that when the mass ratio of APP:CFA is 3:1 and the total loading of APP/CFA is 25 wt%, the material achieves a V-0 rating in the UL-94 vertical burning test, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.6%. In the CTT, the PHRR and THR of APP/CFA (3:1) modified foam were 87.0% and 62.5% lower than those of pure PP/SEBS foam. The tensile strength of the material was 15.2 MPa, and the flexural strength was 23.9 MPa. The bubble diameter of the flame-retardant modified PP/SEBS foams was 72.36 μm, and the density of the bubble was 2.24 × 10 6 /cm 3 , providing a good case for the study of flame-retardant modified PP foams.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 5.4
Gao-shang Chai,Juan Gong,Jia-jun Wu,Rui-kun Ma,Jun Zhu,Dong-dong Jia,Yu-qi Zhang,Xiao-run Zhai,Hong-xu Sun,Yun juan Nie,Peng Zhao,Yi-liang Xu,Hai tao Yu
Ethnopharmacological relevance Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD) is a classic herbal decoction consisting of Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelica Sinensis Radix (ASR) with a 5:1 wt ratio, which can supplement ‘blood’ and ‘qi’ (vital energy) for the treatment of clinical diseases. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, dementia is induced by Blood deficiency and Qi weakness, which causes a decline in cognition. However, the underlying mechanisms of DBD improving cognition deficits in neurodegenerative disease are no clear. Aim of the study This study aims at revealing the underlying mechanisms of DBD plays a protective role in the cognitive deficits and pathology process of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Materials and methods The APP/PS1 (Mo/HuAPP695swe/PS1-dE9) double transgenic mice were adopted as an experimental model of AD. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3 compounds in DBT was analyzed by HPLC. Morris water maze test, Golgi staining and electrophysiology assays were used to evaluate the effects of DBD on cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. Western blot , immunofluorescence and Thioflavin S staining were used for the pathological evaluation of AD. Monitoring the level of ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential, SOD and MDA to evaluate the mitochondrial function, and with the usage of qPCR and CHIP for the changes of histone post-translational modification. Results In the current study, we found that DBD could effectively attenuate memory impairments and enhance long-term potentiation (LTP) with concurrent increased expression of memory-associated proteins. DBD markedly decreased Aβ accumulation in APP/PS1 mice by decreasing the phosphorylation of APP at the Thr668 level but not APP, PS1 or BACE1 . Further studies demonstrated that DBD restored mitochondrial biogenesis deficits and mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the restored mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits are under HADC2-mediated histone H4 lysine 12 (H4K12) acetylation at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor type 2B (GluN2B) promoters. Conclusions These findings reveal that DBD could ameliorate mitochondrial biogenesis and cognitive deficits by improving H4K12 acetylation. DBD might be a promising complementary drug candidate for AD treatment.
研究领域:
药理学
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神经科学
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中医
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2017
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IF 3.386
Xinming Ye,Yuanhang Wang,Zhilei Zhao,Hong Yan
A novel P-N containing hyperbranched poly(phosphorodiamidate) (HBPPDA) was synthesized by the A 2 +B 3 polymerization, which had high thermal stability, with greater than 40 wt% of the char residue left at 750 °C. The benzene and triazine rings in HBPPDA contributed to a good char-forming capacity. Furthermore, a large number of terminal primary amines could release incombustible gases to dilute the concentration of oxygen. Thus, HBPPDA could act as blowing agent and carbonization agent simultaneously. Only 6.25 wt% of HBPPDA could greatly enhance the flame-retarding efficiency of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), showing a remarkable synergy to improve flame retardancy and dripping resistance of polypropylene (PP). When 25 wt% of flame retardant (APP:HBPPDA = 3:1) were added into PP matrix, the composite achieved V0 rating for UL-94 test, and its limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 30.6%. The reduction of 76.2% and 41.5% were available for the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and the total heat release (THR). Meanwhile, the composite showed strong smoke suppression.
研究领域:
聚合物科学
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材料科学
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消防安全工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
·
IF 2.8
Jiankang Wang,Ying Lu,Junyu Lin,Meixue Song,Qingquan Wei,Jiaqi Qiu,Zheng Wang,Dan Meng,Feng Zhang
Improving flame retardancy without compromising mechanical properties is a significant challenge in epoxy resin (EP) applications. In this study, an inorganic–organic hybrid flame retardant (ZM@APP) with a hierarchical structure was designed by loading the compounds with a shell-core structure ZM (a complex of ZIF-67 and melamine) on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) through hydrogen bonding. When the loading of ZM@APP was 10.0 wt.%, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the EP composites increased by 13.7%, 16.7%, and 87.6%, respectively, compared to pure EP. Surprisingly, modified APP also resulted in the promotion of mechanical performances while APP triggered the decreases in mechanical properties. The 10ZM@APP/EP passed the V-0 rating in the vertical combustion test and achieved the limiting oxygen index of 28.2%. The peak heat release rate and total heat release decreased by 68.4% and 58.5%, respectively; the peak smoke release rate and total smoke production were reduced by 60.0% and 67.5%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The reason was that the triazine ring, cobalt oxide, and pyrophosphoric acid promoted the formation of contact and continuous char. This study offers a new method for preparing EP composites with enhanced flame retardancy, high mechanical properties, and low smoke release.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2025
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IF 2.8
Junying Wu,Ruijie Guo,Houting Kang,Yanming Wang,Jingyuan Tian,Jierong Wang,Hong Yan
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential in improving the fire safety of polymer materials. To improve the fire resistance and smoke suppression of polypropylene (PP), a flame-retardant system ZIF-67@γ-CD-MOFs@APP incorporating multiple flame-retardant elements was designed and applied to PP. The coated PP passed UL-94 V-0 level with the LOI up to 36.2% and char residue of 12.47%. The PHRR, PSPR, COP, and CO 2 P of coated PP were reduced by 52.65%, 24.72%, 36.49%, and 52.29%, respectively, compared to neat PP. In addition, the tPHRR, tPSPR, tCOP, and tCO 2 P were prolonged by 405.3%, 345.4%, 427.8%, and 405.3% compared to pure PP, allowing more escape time when facing a real fire. Integrating the hierarchical porous structure provided by ZIF-67 and γ-CD-MOFs, catalytic carbonization of transition metal Co and the nitrogen-containing ligand, ZIF-67@γ-CD-MOFs@APP played a flame-retardant role both in the condensed and gas phase, endowing PP with enhanced flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The “all-in-one” strategy provides helpful insights for constructing fire retardant system with multi-level nanostructure.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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消防安全工程
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纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers in Microbiology
·
2024
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IF 4
Song Zhenyan,He Jiawei,Yu Wenjing,He Chunxiang,Yang Miao,Li Ping,Li Ze,Jian Gonghui,Cheng Shaowu
Background: Schisanlactone E, also known as XueTongSu (XTS), is an active compound extracted from the traditional Tujia medicine Kadsura heteroclita (“XueTong”). Recent studies highlight its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, yet the mechanisms of XTS’s therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are unclear. This study aims to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms of XTS in AD.Methods: Ten C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the control group (NC), and twenty APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly divided into the model group (M) (10 mice) and the XTS treatment group (Tre) (10 mice). After an acclimatization period of 7 days, intraperitoneal injections were administered over a 60-day treatment period. The NC and M groups received saline, while the Tre group received XTS at 2 mg/kg. Learning and memory abilities were assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. Histopathological changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence was used to assess pathological products and glial cell activation. Cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the hippocampus were quantified by qPCR. 16S rDNA sequencing analyzed gut microbiota metabolic alterations, and metabolomic analysis was performed on cortical samples. The KEGG database was used to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of XTS in AD treatment.Results: XTS significantly improved learning and spatial memory in APP/PS1 mice and ameliorated histopathological changes, reducing Aβ plaque aggregation and glial cell activation. XTS decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. It also enhanced gut microbiota diversity, notably increasing Akkermansia species, and modulated levels of metabolites such as isosakuranetin, 5-KETE, 4-methylcatechol, and sphinganine. Pathway analysis indicated that XTS regulated carbohydrate metabolism, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, mitigating gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disturbances.Conclusion: XTS ameliorates cognitive deficits, pathological changes, and inflammatory responses in APP/PS1 mice. It significantly modulates the gut microbiota, particularly increasing Akkermansia abundance, and influences levels of key metabolites in both the gut and brain. These findings suggest that XTS exerts anti-AD effects through the microbial-gut-brain axis (MGBA).
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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微生物学
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代谢组学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
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2022
·Vol. 139
·期 31
·e52720
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IF 3.057
Xiaolong Wang,Weiguang Gong,Xin Meng,Chenyang Li,Jin Gao
Biobased flame retardant (FR) has attracted great interest owing to its green and degradable properties similar to polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the core, chitosan (CS) and halloysite (HNT) as the shell, a biobased FR (APP@CS@HNT) with a core-shell structure was prepared through the self-assembly method. The flame retardancy of PLA composites has been improved with the addition of the FR (APP@CS@HNT). With the loading of 17 wt% APP@CS@HNT, the PLA composite shows a high limiting oxygen index value (29.4%) and achieves vertical burning (UL-94) test V0 rating. Compared with pure PLA, the cone calorimetry test indicates that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release decrease from 299.88 to 152.29 kW/m 2 and from 102.0 to 71.2 MJ/m 2 , respectively. The addition of APP@CS@HNT can also improve the smoke suppression performance of PLA composites. Such enhanced flame retardancy is mainly attributed to APP@CS@HNT prompting the PLA matrix to produce more continuous and denser carbon layers at a lower temperature to form physical barriers.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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消防安全工程
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纳米技术
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2019
·Vol. 31
·期 5
·932-940
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IF 2.162
Jie Wang,Yu Guo,ShunPing Zhao,Rong-Yi Huang,Xue-Jun Kong
Intumescent flame retardant (IFR) has received the considerable attention ascribed to the inherent advantages including non-halogen, low toxicity, low smoke release and environmentally friendly. In this work, a novel charring agent poly (piperazine phenylaminophosphamide) named as PPTA was successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Then, a series of flame-retardant EP samples were prepared by blending with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and PPTA. Combustion tests include oxygen Index (LOI), vertical Burning Test (UL-94) and cone calorimeter testing，these test results showed that PPTA greatly enhances the flame retardancy of EP/APP. According to detailed results, EP containing 10 wt% APP had a LOI value of 30.2%，but had no enhancement on UL-94 rating. However, after both 7.5 wt% APP and 2.5 wt% PPTA were added, EP-7 passed UL-94 V-0 rating with a LOI value of 33.0%. Moreover, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak of smoke product rate (PSPR) of EP-7 were greatly decreased. Meanwhile, the flame-retardant mechanism of EP-7 was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corresponding results presented PPTA significantly increased the density of char layer, resulting in the good flame retardancy.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
FASEB JOURNAL
·
2025
·Vol. 39
·期 22
·e71267
·
IF 4.2
Yizhi Zhang,Yajie Zhang,Chenyi Ge,Yang Liu,Zhiye Wang,Guiquan Chen
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) exhibits dysregulated activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet its cell type-specific roles in driving disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. To explore the neuronal role of GSK3β in β-amyloid (Aβ) pathogenesis, we conditionally deleted Gsk3β in 5 × FAD mice using CaMKIIα-Cre-mediated recombination. Neuronal Gsk3β deletion exacerbated AD pathology, including increased Aβ deposition, pronounced gliosis, and enhanced neuroinflammatory responses. Loss of GSK3β impaired amyloid precursor protein (APP) degradation, leading to its accumulation and subsequent Aβ overproduction. These findings identify neuronal GSK3β as a critical modulator of APP turnover and Aβ pathology, revealing a protective role against AD progression. These findings suggest that broad inhibition of GSK3β may not be an optimal therapeutic strategy for AD, highlighting the importance of cell type-specific targeting. Graphical Schematic illustrating the regulation of APP degradation by neuronal GSK3β in 5 × FAD mice. In the 5 × FAD model, GSK3β promotes APP degradation. Conditional knockout of Gsk3β impairs this process, resulting in APP accumulation. This leads to increased Aβ plaque formation and enhanced neuroinflammatory responses.
研究领域:
神经科学
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分子生物学
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阿尔茨海默病研究
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2021
·
IF 7.086
Pufang Zhao,Wei Zeng,Zhiwang Yang,Yaoxia Yang,Ju Li,Jianping Shi,Na Wen,Hongtao Li,Jie Guan,Ziqiang Lei,Denglong Chen
In this study, a novel organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant 10-(1,4-dicarboxylic acid magnesium salt)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DMMH) was synthesized via neutralization and addition reaction of maleic acid, magnesium hydroxide and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), and subsequently used in an intrinsic flame retardant epoxy resin . The chemical structure and morphology of DMMH were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the prepared DMMH was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to form an intumescent flame retardant system. The thermal stability and flame retardance were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), UL-94 vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. It was observed that the addition of 1.7% DMMH and 5.3% APP led EP-7 to acquire UL-94 V-0 rating, with the limiting oxygen index of 26.0%. As compared with pure EP, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate and total smoke production of the sample was noted to decrease by 54.5%, 35.1%, 43.6% and 38.1%, respectively. In addition, the introduction of DMMH did not negatively impact the mechanical properties of the epoxy resin.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
·
2020
·Vol. 76
·期 2
·491-504
·
IF 3.909
Liu Yi,Bian Huijie,Xu Siyi,Shu Shu,Jia Junqiu,Chen Jian,Cao Xiang,Bao Xinyu,Gu Yue,Xia Shengnan,Yang Hui,Yu Linjie,Xu Yun,Zhu Xiaolei
Background:Dysfunction of synaptic plasticity leads to memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Muscone (Mus) has shown neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemic models. However, little is known of Mus effects on AD. Objective:To investigate the effects of Mus on memory functions and synaptic plasticity in 6-month-old APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods:Mus was intraperitoneally injected into APP/PS1 or wild-type mice, and cognitive function was assessed by Novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. The levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining and ELISA. Synaptic morphology and plasticity were evaluated by Golgi staining and long-term potentiation. Cell viability was examined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The protein levels of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) were accessed by western blotting and Immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of microtubule associated protein 2 and synaptophysin were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The ubiquitination of HDAC2 was examined by co-immunoprecipitation. The interaction of Mus with HDAC2 was predicted by molecular docking analysis. Results:Mus treatment attenuated memory dysfunction, reduced Aβ level, and enhanced synaptic plasticity in APP/PS1 mice. In addition, Mus treatment decreased the level of HDAC2 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice and Aβ1–42-induced primary neurons, which might be associated with increased HDAC2 ubiquitination induced by HDAC2 and Mus interaction. Conclusion:Mus protected against synaptic plasticity and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice, and enhanced HDAC2 degradation via ubiquitination, indicating that Mus was a potential drug for AD treatment.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）