BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
·
2019
·
IF 2.607
Xiaoyu Zhang,Zhenfeng Gao,Xinxian Zhang,Wenbin Bai,Lixin Zhang,Hongbin Pei,Yongjie Zhang
Post-harvest diseases of raspberries affect their storage and subsequently the ability to provide consumers with fresh products. The antifungal activity of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) against both pre and postharvest diseases has previously been demonstrated, but the control of raspberry postharvest diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer using MVOCs has not been extensively studied. We have thus investigated the effects of Bacillus siamensis G-3 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on controlling the diseases caused by B. cinerea and R. stolonifer . Bioassays of the VOCs of B. siamensis G-3 exhibited significant control effects (89.4%) on the two pathogens. The VOCs composition was studied with solid phase micro extraction and GC/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), and 22 VOCs, different from the controls, were identified. Among these compounds, only 2, 6-di- tert -butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), and 2,4-di- tert -butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) had significant control effects on the pathogens (* P < 0.05), 52.38 and 93.33%, respectively, compared with the controls in vivo . With the 2,4-DTBP treatments, the raspberries could be stored for 20 d at 0 °C, with the disease rate maintained at ∼10%. In addition, we have reported for the first time, that 2,4-DTBP may be a better preservative than BHT and could be used as a bio-fumigant for controlling raspberry postharvest diseases caused by B. cinerea and R. stolonifer in vivo .
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Food Bioscience
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Yushan Du,Liwenqian Wang,Jingyuan Zhan,Nongyu Xia,Baoqing Zhu,Guangjin Li,Fengjun Wang
The gray mold fungus, Botrytis cinerea , is a major fungal pathogen responsible for postharvest decay of fruit. Biocontrol agents are increasingly recognized as sustainable strategies for managing postharvest diseases due to their environmental compatibility and strong antifungal activity. In this study, a newly isolated antagonistic bacterium against B. cinerea was obtained from cherry fruit and identified as Pantoea ananatis CE26. As CE26 mainly exerted its antagonistic activity through volatile metabolites, its volatile organic compound profile was analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of butyric acid (BA) as the key volatile antifungal compound. BA exhibited strong antifungal activity in vitro , completely inhibiting the mycelial growth of B. cinerea at 6 μL L −1 and significantly impairing conidial germination, while reducing gray mold severity on harvested cherry and apple fruits. Dual-fluorescence staining and cytoplasmic leakage assays revealed that BA impaired cell viability and membrane integrity, ultimately causing leakage of cellular constituents. Moreover, BA disturbed the expression of NADPH oxidase complex-associated genes and stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation, while weakened antioxidant defenses further contributed to oxidative stress in B. cinerea . These results suggest that BA produced by CE26 inhibits B. cinerea by inducing cell membrane disruption and oxidative stress, providing a promising strategy for managing postharvest gray mold.
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Plants-Basel
·
2023
·Vol. 12
·期 10
·1992
·
IF 4.5
Yongyao Fu,Liling Shu,Hanyi Li,Xingming Zhang,Xuan Liu,Zhengying Ou,Xiaomeng Liang,Xiangying Qi,Liping Yang
Lilium browniivar.viridulum, commonly called Longya lily, is a well-known flower and vegetable plant in China that has poor tolerance toBotrytisfungal disease. The molecularimprovement has mainly been restricted to an efficient regeneration and transformation system. In this study, the highly efficient regeneration of Longya lily was established through the optimization of embryogenic callus, adventitious shoot and rooting induction. The major factors influencing transformation (antibiotics,Agrobacteriumconcentration, infection time, suspension solution and coculture medium) were examined. The expression responses of PR promoters (ZmPR4andBjCHI1) toB. cinereawere assessed in transgenic calli. The results showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mg·L−1picloram (PIC) and 0.2 mg·L−11-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) under light conditions and MS with 0.5 mg·L−16-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 1.0 mg·L−1NAA under darkness were optimal for embryogenic callus induction (64.67% rate) and proliferation (3.96 coefficient). Callus inoculation into MS containing 2.0 mg·L−1thidiazuron (TDZ), 0.4 mg·L−1NAA, 1.0 mg·L−1TDZ and 0.5 mg·L−1NAA led to shooting induction (92.22 of rate) and proliferation (3.28 of coefficient) promotion, respectively. The rooting rate reached 99.00% on MS with 0.3 mg·L−1NAA. Moreover, a transformation rate of 65.56% was achieved by soaking the callus inAgrobacteriumat an OD600of 0.4 for 10 min in modified MS without NH4NO3as the suspension solution and coculture medium before selecting 75 mg·L−1hygromycin and 300 mg·L−1cefotaxime. Only theBjCHI1promoter was obviously expressed in transgenic calli. These results could facilitate the generation of Longya lily transgenic plants with improvedB. cinerearesistance.Keywords:Lilium browniivar.viridulum;plant regeneration;callus;genetic transformation;Botrytis cinerea
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PubMed
高影响因子
MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS
·
2022
·
IF 3.422
Yi-Yang Yu,Fang-Jie Si,Ning Wang,Ting Wang,Yu Jin,Ying Zheng,Wei Yang,Yu-Ming Luo,Dong-Dong Niu,Jian-Hua Guo,Chun-Hao Jiang
Bacillus spp. are known for their ability to control plant diseases; however, the mechanism of disease control by Bacillus spp. is still unclear. Previously, bacterial organic acids have been implicated in the process of disease suppression. We extracted the total organic acid from Bacillus cereus AR156 culture filtrate and identified oxalic acid (OA) as the programmed cell death–inducing factor. OA strongly suppressed the lesion caused by Botrytis cinerea without significant antagonism against the fungus. Low concentration of OA produced by Bacillus spp. inhibited cell death caused by high concentrations of OA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with a low concentration of OA led to higher accumulation of active oxygen-scavenging enzymes in tomato leaves and provoked the expression of defense-related genes. The activation of gene expression relied on the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway but not the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. The disease suppression capacity of OA was confirmed on wild-type tomato and its SA accumulation–deficient line, while the control effect was diminished in JA synthesis–deficient mutant, suggesting that the OA-triggered resistance relied on JA and ethylene (ET) signaling transduction. OA secretion ability was widely distributed among the tested Bacillus strains and the final environmental OA concentration was under strict regulation by a pH-sensitive degradation mechanism. This study provides the first systematic analysis on the role of low-concentration OA secreted and maintained by Bacillus spp. in suppression of gray mold disease and determines the dependence of OA-mediated resistance on the JA/ET signaling pathway.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Plant Nano Biology
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Zhiwen Wang,Mengru Shi,Ye Sun,Qinghua Zhang,Bingyin Zhang,Yang Zheng,Zhaolin Xue,Xili Liu
Gray mold is a fungal disease that affects many crops, including tomatoes, and causes massive economic losses worldwide. A novel control system is urgently needed because of the fungus’s high genetic variability and resistance to multiple fungicides. Spray-induced gene silencing is an effective way to control plant pests by triggering RNA interference (RNAi) and blocking key genes in them. However, directly silencing susceptibility genes in plants to control disease remains to be studied. This approach could be a more efficient way to induce RNAi than targeting the pest’s genes. Here, three disease susceptibility genes of tomato were efficiently targeted by RNA based nano fungicides coupled with double-stranded RNA-carbon quantum dots (dsRNA-CDs). The novel RNA based nano fungicides offered an excellent effect on dsRNA preservation and cellular delivery, also facilitated the production of jasmonic acid in plants, which enabled these fungicides with good inhibitory effects on gray mold, indicating that they could be a promising way to control this notorious disease. Moreover, the fungicides specifically silenced the target genes and had no side effects on plants. Therefore, the novel RNA based nano fungicides could be efficient tools to control gray mold in tomatoes, and the plant susceptibility gene-based system is a potential way to control various plant diseases.
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 6.4
Sun-Yan Liang,Si Yang,Ke-Xin Ding,Yue Xu,Zi-Yu Zhao,Yan-Zhu Yu,Yi-Xin Huang,Sheng Qin,Ke Xing
Botrytis cinerea causes gray mold disease on postharvest fruit, resulting in serious economic losses. Fumigation with natural volatile organic compounds can replace artificially synthesized fungicides to control postharvest fungal decay of agricultural products. The antifungal effects and potential mechanisms of microbial volatile compound 2-methylbutyric acid (2-MBA) against B. cinerea were investigated in this study. Results showed that 2-MBA inhibited mycelial growth and spores germination, altered mycelial morphology and reduced metabolic vitality of B. cinerea . Moreover, 2-MBA induced oxidative damage by stimulating ROS accumulation, increasing malondialdehyde levels, and decreasing the ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione. Further studies indicated that 2-MBA reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, interfered TCA cycle by decreasing succinate dehydrogenase activity and ATP content, ultimately leading to decreased mitochondrial activity. In addition, key genes involved in botrydial biosynthesis and mycelial growth were down-regulated. 2-MBA controlled postharvest gray mold by inducing resistance to B. cinerea in cherry tomatoes. Taken together, 2-MBA is an effective and promising fumigant to control gray mold caused by B. cinerea .
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高影响因子
PHYTOPATHOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Xiansu Wang,Chengyan Xia,Miss Dongxue Li,Miss Fenghua Liu,Jun Zhang,Miss Wenjing Xie,Dan Cheng,Libo Zhang,Zhuo Chen
Eugenol exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities and fungicide efficacy against crop diseases. However, the antifungal mechanisms of eugenol remain incompletely understood. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory activity of eugenol against several phytopathogenic fungi, finding it to be particularly effective against Botrytis cinerea . The half-maximal effective concentration for inhibiting hyphal growth of B. cinerea was determined to be 72.11 µg/ml. Eugenol exhibited significant inhibition effect of 66.72 and 43.62% against gray mold on tomato fruit and leaves at the 1,500.0 µg/ml dose. Micromorphological analysis revealed that eugenol induced abnormalities in hyphal structures, including disrupted cell membranes and unclear organelle boundaries. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes in hyphae treated with eugenol were primarily enriched in processes related to lipid metabolism, transmembrane transport, and electron transfer activity. Molecular docking studies suggested that eugenol may bind to oleate delta-12 desaturase (FAD2) with a low free energy of −9.9 kcal/mol. Assays of cell membrane permeability and hyphal staining confirmed that eugenol disrupts the cell membrane, resulting in leakage of hyphal contents. Quantitative PCR assay showed that eugenol significantly altered the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Compared to the wild type, fad2 mutant displayed slower hyphal growth rates and became less sensitive to the effects of eugenol. This study demonstrates that eugenol target FAD2, disrupt cell membrane integrity, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of B. cinerea . Several formulations of eugenol, including feneptamidoquin or meridianin C, exhibit stronger inhibitory effects, offering promising potential for the control of gray mold.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Phytopathology Research
·
2026
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·31
·
IF 4.3
Weng Xuexiang,Li Yuting,Wen Yiqi,Chen Yiru,Zhu Zifeng,Yu Liyuan,Liu Xia,Sun Ping,Ruan Yongming
Pathogenic fungi such as Botrytis cinerea ( B. cinerea ) present a major challenge to sustainable agriculture. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a novel thiol-functionalized dendritic mesoporous silica-based nano-fungicide (Ag@DMSNs-SH), featuring ultrasmall silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) uniformly generated and immobilized in situ within the thiolated silica framework. This innovative synthesis strategy ensures homogeneous AgNPs dispersion, enhanced stability, and a sustained silver release profile. Ag@DMSNs-SH demonstrated superior, dose-dependent antifungal activity against B. cinerea compared to free AgNPs. At 1.5 mg/mL, it achieved 78.63% mycelial growth inhibition over six days, significantly outperforming free AgNPs (15.57% inhibition, P < 0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed that Ag@DMSNs-SH disrupts the fungal cell membrane, causing cytoplasmic leakage. In detached strawberry leaf assays, Ag@DMSNs-SH demonstrated a high curative efficacy, suppressing disease by 92.27% at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), compared to 36.64% for free AgNPs. Its high antifungal performance was further confirmed in potted plant and field trials, where Ag@DMSNs-SH reduced disease incidence from 92.78% to 26.11% and from 83.30% to 19.79%, respectively. These results establish Ag@DMSNs-SH as a new generation of sustained-release nano-fungicide with strong potential for the management of fungal diseases in high-value crops.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Yujie Liu,Chengzhao Li,Xingrong Wang,Chu Gong,Xianhua Meng,Oybek Ergashev Karimovich,Lei Sun,Jun Wang,Jun-Li Yang
Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus that utilizes multiple infection pathways and is known for causing gray mold on crops. This fungal infection results in the deterioration of crop quality and substantial economic losses. ZH-5 , a phenolic acid compound derived from the methanol extract of the twigs of Zanthoxylum armatum DC., exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the mycelial growth, spore germination, and germ tube elongation of B. cinerea in in vivo experiments. The EC 50 of ZH-5 was determined to be 58.96 mg L −1 , which surpassed the effectiveness of commonly used carbendazim and was comparable to the plant-derived pesticide eugenol. Our study focused on investigating the mechanisms underlying the antifungal activity of ZH-5 . Our findings have demonstrated that ZH-5 has the ability to disrupt the integrity of cellular structures, including mitochondria. This disruption affects energy metabolism and induces oxidative stress, ultimately ZH-5 might be interfere with cellular activity or inhibit growth. In summary, we reported that ZH-5 demonstrated efficacy as a plant-derived compound against B. cinerea , making it a potentially valuable environmentally-friendly chemical agent for the management of gray mold.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
·
2013
·Vol. 51
·期 2
·166-173
·
IF 1.276
Wu Qiong,Bai Linquan,Liu Weicheng,Li Yingying,Lu Caige,Li Yaqian,Fu Kehe,Yu Chuanjin,Chen Jie
Streptomyces lydicus A01 and Trichoderma harzianum P1 are potential biocontrol agents of fungal diseases in plants. S. lydicus A01 produces natamycin to bind the ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane and inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea. T. harzianum P1, on the other hand, features high chitinase activity and decomposes the chitin in the cell wall of B. cinerea . To obtain the synergistic biocontrol effects of chitinase and natamycin on Botrytis cinerea , this study transformed the chit42 gene from T. harzianum P1 to S. lydicus A01. The conjugal transformant (CT) of S. lydicus A01 with the chit42 gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associated chitinase activity and natamycin production were examined using the 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. The S. lydicus A01- chit42 CT showed substantially higher chitinase activity and natamycin production than its wild type strain (WT). Consequently, the biocontrol effects of S. lydicus A01- chit42 CT on B. cinerea , including inhibition to spore germination and mycelial growth, were highly improved compared with those of the WT. Our research indicates that the biocontrol effect of Streptomyces can be highly improved by transforming the exogenous resistance gene, i.e. chit42 from Trichoderma , which not only enhances the production of antibiotics, but also provides a supplementary function by degrading the cell walls of the pathogens.
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PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.8
Zhimin Wang,Mingming Huang,Mei Dai,Dandan Tian,Yingying Shi,Bin Wu,Zheng Zhang,Zunyang Song,Jingying Shi
Peach fruit is highly susceptible to decay caused by Botrytis cinerea . Volatile compounds have attracted considerable attention due to their safety and practical application advantages. S-methyl butanethioate, a volatile organic compound, is biosynthesized by microorganisms and plants. In this study, fumigation with synthetic s-methyl butanethioate at 50, 100, 200 and 300 μL/L effectively inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of B. cinerea and disease incidence of gray mold on peach fruit in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, s-methyl butanethioate induced conidial apoptosis by causing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and exacerbating mitochondrial damage. To address the limitations in solubility, stability, and volatility of s-methyl butanethioate, a slow-release fresh-keeping card was prepared by embedding s-methyl butanethioate into β-cyclodextrin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the successful embedding of s-methyl butanethioate into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin, forming the encapsulated structure of the inclusion complex. Notably, the release of s-methyl butanethioate from the fresh-keeping card was delayed for 15 d and the antifungal effect was stronger than direct fumigation with s-methyl butanethioate. Moreover, the fresh-keeping card application prevented surface damage to peach fruit caused by direct fumigation. Therefore, the fresh-keeping card loaded with encapsulated s-methyl butanethioate not only enhanced stability but also extended antifungal efficacy, outperforming the traditional un-encapsulated form. Therefore, this study demonstrates that fresh-keeping card loaded with natural components might serve as an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides for controlling postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）