POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2026
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IF 8.1
Yue Yin,Rongrong Yu,Xianyan Wu,Shengkai Liu,Amna Siddique,Nishonov Akbarjon,Chunying Min,Jing Wang,Kun Song,Jingjing Han,Xiang Luo,Lei Chen,Chuanbin Yu,Yong Liu,Dong Liu,Zhiwei Xu
Radiation-induced degradation at the fiber-matrix interface significantly compromises the longevity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in nuclear and space environments. In the study, a metal-organic framework (MOF)-modified interphase was constructed to mitigate interfacial failure in CFRP under a high γ-irradiation dose of 1500 kGy. To elucidate the underlying anti-radiation mechanisms, a MOF/epoxy nanocomposite system was employed as a surrogate model for MOF-based interphase of CFRP, allowing for precise characterization. Chemically, multi-spectral analysis demonstrate that MOFs eliminated radiation-induced oxygenated radicals and reduced surface oxide layer thickness by over 50%. Physically, Synchrotron Wide-Angle/Small-Angle X-ray Scattering reveal a “sacrificial” evolution mechanism of MOFs, wherein MOFs undergo lattice contraction and volume densification to dissipate radiation energy. Meanwhile, Small-Angle Neutron Scattering has for the first time confirmed that epoxy molecular chains intercalate into the surface micropores of MOFs, forming an interlocking network that maintains stable physical bonding even after the MOF crystals contract. Mechanically, driven by these synergistic mechanisms, the MOF-based interphase significantly enhances radiation resistance, suppressing the loss in interlaminar shear strength from 14.5% (unmodified) to 9.4% and flexural strength from 17.5% (unmodified) to 10.3%. This study provides critical insights into the multiscale radiation response of MOF-based interphases in CFRP, offering a promising strategy for developing highly radiation-resistant composites.
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高影响因子
Materials Today Chemistry
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2025
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IF 6.7
Chunhong Zhang,Yuning Gong,Wenbo Sui,Zhijie Qi,Yuhui Ao,Lei Shang
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are advanced materials with extensive application potential. However, their use is significantly limited by the complexity of the production process and the flammability of the matrix resin. Modification is typically achieved through the addition of flame retardants; however, the existing preparation processes for these retardants are complex, and the introduction of additive flame retardants often compromises the mechanical properties of the composite materials. This work utilizes a "soft chemistry" approach to design and synthesize a novel phosphorus-containing ionic liquid (PIL) through a straightforward one-step neutralization reaction. The effects of PIL content on the thermal performance, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the composites were investigated. Compared to pure epoxy (EP), the 2.0PIL sample exhibited a 68.20 % increase in flexural strength, a 433.33 % increase in flexural strain at break, a 62.98 % increase in notched impact strength, a 23.64 % increase in tensile strength, and a 103.99 % increase in tensile strain at break. The 2.0PIL sample demonstrated superior flame retardancy, achieving a UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI of 31.8 %. The PHRR, PSPR, THR, TSP, and CO 2 P of the 2.0PIL sample were reduced by 65.76 %, 56.53 %, 41.93 %, 47.59 %, and 61.53 %, respectively, compared to the EP matrix. Additionally, the CFRP with 2.0PIL demonstrated excellent mechanical and flame-retardant properties. Specifically, the flexural strength increased by 26.44 % and the ILSS improved by 41.08 % compared to the EP/CFRP samples. Furthermore, the PHRR, PSPR, THR, and TSP were reduced by 5.39 %, 51.27 %, 17.96 %, and 24.55 %, respectively, indicating satisfactory fire safety performance. This work provides a new, simple, and fast approach for designing thermosetting epoxy resin and carbon fiber composite materials for "Flame Retardant Toughening Integration".
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JOURNAL OF ADHESION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 3.4
Ying Yang,Kaiming Li,Guorong Cui,Xinbo Wang
A series of bismaleimide-based prepolymers via the Michael addition reaction of N,N’-4,4’-diphenylmethane-bismaleimide (BDM) and 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) were prepared and used as adhesives for bonding CFRP/stainless steel, which present excellent performance. The manipulating mechanism of the molar ratio on the structure-performance relationship was revealed. Stronger interaction of macromolecular chains (i.e. hydrogen bond force) becomes increasingly obvious with increase of the molecular weight (molar ratio of BDM/ODA decreases), evidenced by FTIR peak shift of characteristic functional group in macromolecular chains. The optimal BDM/ODA molar ratio of bismaleimide-based prepolymers is 6:5, on which lap shear strength (LSS) reaches a maximum value of 20.59 MPa; though the thermal stability (T5d = 301 °C) and compressive strength (123.94 MPa) are not the best amongst these prepolymer adhesives, it really meets the requirement for high-temperature resistance as adhesive for bonding CFRP/stainless steel; it is the manipulating of molecular weight that achieves a balance between the cohesive strength and interfacial adhesion strength, which contributes to the highest LSS value (20.59 MPa) and testified by fracture morphology of the bonding interface. This is a facile and low-cost method for enhancing the lap shear strength between CFRP and metal substrate.
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高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
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2026
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IF 5.4
Jiamei Lai,Zhengyu Yu,Hui Ke,Yilong Li,Xuanhui Xu,Ziyi Zeng
CFRP waste is growing at an increasing rate. This study proposes a novel atmospheric-pressure phosphoric acid pyrolysis method to efficiently recover high-value carbon fibers from waste CFRP, which are then applied to enhance the flame retardancy of VER. Waste CFRP was immersed in phosphoric acid at 80 °C under atmospheric pressure. The acid acted as a solvent to degrade the epoxy resin, achieving an 80% degradation rate. Comprehensive characterization (SEM, XPS, TGA, XRD, Raman) confirmed that the recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) possess a clean surface with their microstructure largely intact. Mechanical testing revealed excellent property retention, with a tensile strength of ∼97% and interfacial shear strength comparable to virgin fibers. This method is advantageous due to its lower temperature, reduced energy consumption, and operational simplicity compared to traditional recycling techniques. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were employed to modify both recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) and virgin carbon fibers (vCFs), followed by the fabrication of HNTs/CF/VER composites. SEM confirmed that carbon fibers were successfully modified, and the modification effect of rCFs was superior to that of vCFs. Tests demonstrated that rCFs and HNTs exhibit a favorable synergistic flame retardant effect, modified recycled carbon fibers (m-rCFs) at 1 wt% exhibited relatively excellent flame-retardant performance (LOI: 28.3%, UL-94: V-1 rating, Lowest pHRR and THR), superior to modified virgin carbon fibers (m-vCFs) at the same addition level and a slight improvement in tensile strength relative to pure VER. The above research provides a promising solution for the degradation and reuse of waste CFRP.
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COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2025
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IF 14.2
Xiaobin Zhan,Guanghui Zhu,Lei Yu,Ruyi Hu,Yiru Ren,Hongyong Jiang
To improve the bonding strength of CFRP/Al joints, a novel hierarchical interface through anodization, ZnO nanosheet growth and improved Resin Pre-Coating (RPC) with nano-SiO 2 is designed and its hierarchical failure mechanisms are studied. Porous Al substrates are prepared via anodization, followed by in-situ growth of ZnO nanosheets and infiltration of RPC solution containing nano-SiO 2 to enhance mechanical interlocking at nano-scale. Systematic characterizations including single-lap shear testing, SEM and XRD are conducted to evaluate interfacial morphology, wettability and mechanical properties. Results show that optimal porous surface microstructure and interfacial wettability are obtained by the effect analysis of anodizing time. In surprise, the combined treatment of ZnO nanosheets and improved RPC with nano-SiO 2 shows an increase in the shear strength over 400 % compared to untreated joints. Macro and micro failure modes reveal that the interfacial failure is transitioned to cohesive failure with fiber tearing and resin/SiO 2 interface debonding. The synergistic strategy effectively improves the hierarchical failure through enhanced nano-interlocking and adhesive reinforcement, offering a promising pathway for designing and manufacturing high-strength CFRP/Al joints.
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料
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表面工程
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粘接与连接
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纳米材料
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POLYMER COMPOSITES
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2025
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IF 4.7
Fukang Li,Ning Ding,Jean Jacques Kouadjo Tchekwagep,Martin Pengou,Hervé Kouamo Tchakouté,Qiuyue Ding,Nan Hou,Huixia Xu
Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) composites, prized for their outstanding mechanical properties, have garnered extensive applications across critical industries including aerospace, transportation, new energy systems, and power infrastructure. However, under increasingly demanding service environments, improving the interlaminar fracture toughness of CFRP composites has become a pivotal challenge to ensure structural integrity and longevity. The present work presents an effective design strategy to address this issue for the carbon fiber/epoxy/core-shell rubber composite by integrating multi-scale reinforcements. The mechanical performance of specimens with different compositions was systematically analyzed. Synergistic multi-scale toughening mechanisms were rigorously elucidated through fracture surface morphology analysis and correlative mechanical data interpretation. The results demonstrate that incorporating short carbon fibers (SCF) into CFRP (i) and adding core-shell rubber (CSR) to CFRP (ii) both significantly enhance the toughness. CFRP (iii), which contains both SCF and CSR, exhibits an even more pronounced toughening effect. The subsequent grafting of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) onto SCF, resulting in CFRP (iv) with SCF-CNTs and CSR mixed, demonstrates superior interlaminar fracture toughness compared to CFRP (iii). Specifically, the G IC $$ {G}_{\mathrm{IC}} $$ and G IC $$ {G}_{\mathrm{IC}} $$ of CFRP (iv) increase by 12.89% and 15.46%, respectively, compared to CFRP (iii). This improvement is attributed to the strengthened interfacial bonding between MWCNTs-COOH and the matrix through mechanical interlocking, which enhances fiber bridging and the effects of core-shell rubber. This multi-scale reinforcement paradigm provides critical insights into the design of damage-tolerant CFRP composites for extreme operational scenarios, advancing their deployment in next-generation engineering systems subjected to complex mechanical loads.
研究领域:
材料科学
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复合材料
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聚合物基复合材料
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机械工程
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纳米复合材料
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COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
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2023
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IF 13.1
Hongzhi Feng,Xiwei Xu,Binbo Wang,Yi Su,Yanlin Liu,Chuanzhi Zhang,Jin Zhu,Songqi Ma
Recyclable carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the combined merits of excellent mechanical and thermal properties, recyclability and reprocessability. This paper reports on the successful preparation of closed-loop recyclable CFRP by in-situ polymerization and dynamic cross-linking (ISPDC) technology. The SEM, XPS and monofilament tensile curves were measured to investigate the morphology, chemical details, and mechanical properties of the recycled carbon fiber (CF); the chemical structure of the degraded resin was further characterized and analyzed according to the NMR and FTIR spectra. The obtained results show that under mild acidic conditions, the CFRP was degraded to high-quality recycled CF and linear polymer with methacrylic acid units, which can be used to prepare regenerated CFRP. In addition, due to the dynamic feature of the hemiacetal ester structure in the CFRP matrix, the CFRP also exhibited multiple functions, such as rapid welding, reprocessing, shape shifting, and self-healing, as well as the extremely long shelf life of composite prepregs . Our analysis of the recycling and dynamic exchange processes indicates that the strategy of embedding a releasable linker is dominant for the preparation of closed-loop recyclable and multifunctional CFRP.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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复合材料
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）