PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
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2019
·Vol. 76
·期 2
·589-596
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IF 3.255
Xiao-Peng Lu,Jia-Huan Liu,Hua Weng,Zhi-Qing Ma,Xing Zhang
BACKGROUND Thrips Anaphothrips obscurus are one of the cosmopolitan major pests feeding on cereals and other grasses. In order to develop alternatives of chemical insecticides for thrips control, based on fumigant activity screening and evaluation of 22 essential oil (EO) compounds against the thrips, the binary interactions of methyl salicylate and carvacrol (MS-C) with high fumigant toxicity were studied systematically by bioassay and field trials. RESULTS The bioassay results showed that six in 22 EO compounds had high fumigant toxicity against both the second-instar nymphs and adults of A. obscurus , including methyl salicylate, carvacrol, thymol, trans -cinnamaldehyde, diallyl trisulfide, and L-perillaldehyde. Furthermore, the combination of methyl salicylate mixed with carvacrol at a volume ratio of 5:5 exhibited the most significant synergism against A. obscurus , with a poison ratio value of 1.32 and a co-toxicity coefficient of 151.15. The optimal formulation of microemulsion (ME) was composed of 5% methyl salicylate, 5% carvacrol, 46% adjuvant and 44% deionized water. The result of dynamic light scattering and stability showed that MS-C 10% ME was a transparent, single-phase and homogeneous liquid system. Field trials indicated that the ME displayed a significant control efficacy of about 89.17% on thrips in peppers, and 82.59% in broad bean on the seventh day post application with a dosage of 600.0 g A.I hm –2 , respectively. CONCLUSION The binary combination of MS-C possesses strikingly synergistic action against thrips A. obscurus , and the MS-C 10% ME has the potential to be developed as a botanical pesticide product for thrips control. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
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PHARMAZIE
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2012
·Vol. 67
·期 12
·1002-1006
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IF 1.006
Dong Rui-Hua,Fang Zhong-Ze,Zhu Liang-Liang,Ge Guang-Bo,Cao Yun-Feng,Li Xiao-Bao,Hu Cui-Min,Yang Ling,Liu Ze-Yuan
Carvacrol and thymol are phenolic compounds with similar structures isolated from many aromatic plants, and have been demonstrated to exert multiple pharmacological effects. The metabolic and pharmacokinetic behaviour of thymol and carvacrol has received much attention. Carvacrol and
thymol have been demonstrated to undergo phase I metabolism such as hydroxylation reaction. However, drug-metabolizing enzymes involved in this process remain unclear. Given that cytochrome P450 s (CYPs) are involved in most phase I metabolism, the aim of the present study was to investigate
the role of CYPs in the metabolism of thymol and carvacrol. After incubation with human liver microsomes (HLMs) in the presence of NADPH, a new metabolite and two metabolites were detected for thymol and carvacrol, respectively. A combination of chemical inhibition studies and assays with
recombinant CYP isoforms demonstrated that CYP2A6 was the predominant drug-metabolizing enzyme involved in the metabolism of thymol and carvacrol. All these results remind the researchers that special attention should be paid on pharmacokinetic and clinical outcomes when thymol or carvacrol
was co-administrated with other compounds mainly undergoing CYP2A6-mediated metabolism.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Yonghui Wu,Lu Yang,Guangyou Shi,Ling Zou,Jian He,Jinbao Li,Anwei Zhang,Xinxing Wang,Zhiwei Liu,Keyong Tang,Xiaochao Yang
Delayed healing due to the persistent microenvironment disorder caused by the hyperglycemia and persistent inflammatory reaction is a core pathological characteristic of diabetic wound. Topical microenvironment modulation represents an important avenue to address delayed healing issue. Microneedles are powerful tools for topical microenvironment modulation as they can effectively deliver therapeutic ingredients into the shallow surface layer of the wound based on their depth-limited tissue penetration capability. Herein, a hybrid microneedle composed of carvacrol (CV), cyclodextrin (CD), mesoporous ceria nanoparticles (MCNs) and hyaluronate (HA) is constructed with objective to modulate the microenvironment within the diabetic wound. The hybrid microneedle is constructed via a two-stage process comprising three stepwise embedding procedures in the first stage and four microneedle casting procedures in the second stage. The physical, chemical and antibacterial performances, as well as the in vitro and in vivo therapeutic potentials, of the hybrid microneedle are evaluated. The therapeutic ingredients, mainly CV and MCNs, incorporated in the microneedle can be readily released into the diabetic wound, and effective microenvironment modulation is realized through the designed antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. Consequently, the tissue reconstruction processes including cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and collagen deposition are accelerated due to the improved microenvironment.
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Agronomy-Basel
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·79
·
IF 3.3
Donglan Luo,Xiaogang Wang,Tingting Mi,Jianye Chen,Liangjie Ba,Sen Cao
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of carvacrol on the postharvest storage quality and cell wall metabolism of the ’Guichang’ kiwifruit. For this purpose, the ’Guichang’ kiwifruit is selected as the test material and treated with 0.03 mg/mL of a carvacrol solution for dipping. The storage quality and cell wall metabolism of the fruit are then evaluated under ambient conditions (20 ± 1 °C). The results indicate that treatment with carvacrol effectively reduces the postharvest respiration rate and weight loss in the kiwifruit, while preserving the levels of vitamin C (VC), soluble protein, total phenols, flavonoids, soluble solids, solid–acid ratio, and soluble pectin. Additionally, it delays the decline in the starch content and mitigates the increase in soluble sugars. Furthermore, carvacrol significantly decreases amylase activity and inhibits the elevation of polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methylesterase (PME),β-galactosidase (β-Gal), and cellulase (Cx) activity. Consequently, this treatment effectively maintains fruit firmness as well as protopectin (PP) and cellulose content at elevated levels. A correlation analysis shows that firmness is highly and negatively correlated with the cell wall degrading enzymes PG, PME, β-Gal, Cx, and α-L-Af, with R values of −0.88, −0.83, −0.98, −0.94, and −0.93, respectively. The negative correlation values for the control group are all lower than 0. In conclusion, treatment with carvacrol effectively preserves a high level of postharvest ripening quality in the kiwifruit, attenuates the metabolic processes of the cell wall, and delays fruit softening and senescence.
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Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·152
·
IF 5.1
Yanshuo Wang,Dianjun Sun,Yinghan Zhang,Yichong Zhou,Ruyi Jin,Xiaoli Peng,Jian Li
Carvacrol, a natural plant compound with antibacterial, antioxidant, and various biological activities, serves as the basis for developing a micro-emulsion fruit and vegetable cleaner. The study found that carvacrol demonstrated a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging between 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL against four foodborne pathogenic bacteria and three spoilage fungi. The formulated cleaner, containing 67 mg/mL of carvacrol, demonstrated superior characteristics (a particle size of 228 nm, an absolute zeta potential of 21.4 mv, and a stability coefficient of 91.2%). Remarkably, the cleaner remained stable when stored at room temperature for at least 3 months. Its efficacy against pesticides ranged from 76% to 91%. The cleaning effectively inhibited microbial colonies and the decay rate of cherry tomatoes during storage at 4 °C. Furthermore, the cleaning treatment was found to minimize changes in color and hardness. Overall, this study provides evidence that a fruit and vegetable cleaner based on carvacrol enhances the safety of the food industry effectively.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2024
·
IF 10.7
Wenqian Nong,Honglin Luo,Gang Wang,Qicong Chen,Xiaosu Zou,Weiwei Miao,Jun Wu,Weiliang Guan,Shenhong Qu
The development of safe, environmentally friendly, edible antimicrobial packaging films represents a promising alternative to conventional plastic packaging for reducing spoilage and extending the shelf life of fresh food. Here, we propose a novel strategy to construct edible β-CD-MOF/carvacrol@zein (BCCZ) composite films by intertwining β-CD-MOF loaded with the antimicrobial essential oil carvacrol, and zein. The resulting BCCZ films exhibit high humidity-triggered, long-lasting bactericidal efficacy, effective fruit preservation, and excellent biosafety. Characterization revealed that BCCZ films possess a compact texture, hydrophilic surface, low water vapor permeability, and high humidity sensitivity. Additionally, this film act as a “storehouse” for carvacrol, enabling humidity-controlled release (96.3% release at 100% RH and only 12.0% at 43% RH on day 7). BCCZ film effectively inhibited Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus , Gram-negative Escherichia coli , and fungi ( Botrytis cinerea ) through the release of liquid-phase and vapor-phase carvacrols under both direct contact and indirect contact conditions in high humidity. Owing to the film's humidity-triggered, long-term release of carvacrol, strawberries packed in BCCZ films maintained their freshness and appearance significantly better after seven days of storage at 21 °C. This work provides valuable insights and holds promise for the design and commercial application of safe, environmentally friendly freshness-preserving packaging films.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Qingfeng Dong,Yaqi Dai,Weiting Wang,Yanli Ma,Li Li
In this research, the carvacrol (CAR) loaded cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) /shellac (SH) films were prepared via electrostatic repulsion strategy and casting method. The CAP/SH-CAR films demonstrated excellent tensile strength , while also exhibiting good UV light barrier and thermal stability . The results showed that the addition of CAR significantly improved the barrier of the CAP film to water vapor and oxygen permeability. When the addition amount of CAR was 0.9 % (w/w) with respect to CAP content, the CAP/SH-CAR films exhibited good antibacterial activity and effectively reduced the growth of S. aureus and E. coli by approximately 47.9 % and 50.9 %, respectively. The presence of SH improved the retention rate of CAR in CAP/SH-CAR films, with the retention rate ranging from 45.2 to 56.8 %. Finally, the CAP/SH-CAR films were applied to preserve the mackerel fillets, indicating that the rate of freshness deterioration had been delayed and showing a good freshness preservation effect. Therefore, the CAP/SH-CAR films have the potential to be used as food packaging materials.
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FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
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2026
·
IF 13.8
Lihua Li,Ying Lin,Li Ren,Beisenbayeva Kamila,Yuting Zhuang,Xin Lü,Li Wang
Chitosan colloidal particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions have shown potential in sterilization and food preservation, but limited by insufficient antibacterial properties of low-concentration colloidal particles and poor emulsion stability. To address this issue, we aimed to develop a new type of low-concentration, antibacterial emulsifier to replace traditional fungicides and emulsifiers. Through polyelectrolyte complexation and ion cross-linking strategies, chitosan, phytic acid (PA) and metal ions (Ag + , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ) self-assembled hand in hand to fabricate antibacterial emulsifiers CPA-Ag, CPA-Cu and CPA-Zn. CPA-Ag and CPA-Cu exhibited excellent antibacterial properties, destroying cell membranes through the adhesion of chitosan and release metal ions to synergistically kill bacteria. In the surgical knife disinfection experiment, the sterilization rate of CPA-Ag (400 μg/mL) reached 99.8%, comparable to that of 3% hydrogen peroxide (100%) and significantly superior to 75% ethanol (89.3%), CPA-Cu (85.5%) and 400 ppm sodium hypochlorite (72.4%). Subsequently, CPA-Cu and CPA-Ag emulsified carvacrol to form multifunctional Pickering emulsions (CCE and CAE series) with stronger antibacterial properties, excellent antioxidant performance and storage stability (1-3 months). Additionally, the application of CPA-Cu, CPA-Ag and emulsions on strawberries could kill and inhibit the growth of microorganisms within 24 hours. In particular, CPA-Cu (400 μg/mL) and emulsions could extend the shelf life from 3 days to 5 days, reducing the rot rate of strawberries and slowing down the change in total phenol content. This research provides a new idea for the development of green, safe and low-concentration new emulsifiers and fruit preservation sprays based on natural components and non-covalent interactions.
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Xijia Zhang,Xiaojian Fei,Hongbin Pu,Weibin Zhao,Qingyi Wei,Zhiwei Zhu
In situ HKUST-1 growth created a hierarchically porous hydrocolloid aerogel. • Polymer macropores and MOF pore domains jointly regulated carvacrol loading and release. • Humidity build-up triggered sustained rather than front-loaded carvacrol release. • Vapour phase carvacrol effectively inhibited bacterial and Botrytis cinerea growth. • PCTH@CAR delayed strawberry deterioration by maintaining texture and water status. Excessive moisture sensitivity of pristine HKUST-1 often causes rapid framework collapse and burst release under highly humid conditions, limiting its use as a humidity-triggered carrier for volatile antimicrobials. Here, we report a hierarchically porous composite aerogel constructed by in situ growth of HKUST-1 within a poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl chitosan/TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofiber network, followed by carvacrol (CAR) loading to obtain PCTH@CAR. This confined growth architecture regulated metal organic framework (MOF) distribution, helped moderate moisture-induced structural disruption, and coupled polymer-derived macropores with MOF micropores, thereby improving cargo accommodation and release control. The cumulative CAR release reached 54.32% after 12 d even at 15% RH, while at 98% RH it reached 34.61% after 2 d and 81.99% after 12 d, with release sustained throughout storage rather than concentrated at the initial stage. The aerogel also showed effective vapour phase antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and Botrytis cinerea . In strawberry packaging, PCTH@CAR delayed visible spoilage and reduced weight loss from 20.45% to 2.04% after 8 d, whereas untreated strawberries had already lost marketability by day 4 owing to evident mould growth and softening. These results support in situ grown HKUST-1 within a hierarchically porous biopolymer aerogel as a practical route to non-contact, humidity-adaptive active packaging for postharvest preservation. Download: Download high-res image (211KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Food Bioscience
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Xiaona Gao,Xinke Gao,Tengteng Wang,Rentai Song,Yanshen Li,Nada K. Alharbi,Ashwag Shami,Fahad Al-Asmari,Fakhria A. Al-Joufi,Yulin Zhu
Foods in our daily life are susceptible to contaminate by L. monocytogenes due to its high stress resistance and wide distribution, which poses great risks to food safety. Carvacrol is the natural compound that has been recognized as the safe additives and can be utilized safely by food industry. The current study aimed to study the inhibitory effect and mechanism of carvacrol against L. monocytogenes . The results showed that carvacrol treatment resulted in disruption of cell integrity of L. monocytogenes , further led to leakage of intracellular substances. In addition, carvacrol treatment inhibited the activity of topoisomerase and β-galactosidase, which in turn affected the gene duplication and energy utilization of L. monocytogenes . Based on transcriptome analysis, it was found that 126 differential expression genes (DEGs) were existed between carvacrol treated groups and control groups, which were highly enriched in transmembrane transporter activity and transporter activity. In addition, those DEGs were enriched in 4 metabolic pathways with obvious enrichment including phosphotransferase system, starch and sucrose metabolism, quorum sensing, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid metabolism. Finally, carvacrol treatment can inhibit the secretion or activity of hemolysin in L. monocytogenes , which was consistent with the result in transcriptome analysis. In conclusion, carvacrol could be a potential antimicrobial substance to inhibit the contamination of L. monocytogenes in foods.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 6.6
Xun Huang,Yingmei Wu,Chengqi Li,Shugang Li,Xin Li,Yu He,Yingqun Wu,Qun Huang,Fang Geng,Xiefei Li
Based on the limited bactericidal effect of lysozyme (LYZ) alone against Salmonella , this study significantly enhanced the bactericidal activity of LYZ by adding carvacrol (Car). Plate counting, growth curve analysis, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the LYZ-Car combination significantly inhibited bacterial growth and caused severe morphological damage. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the combined treatment increased outer membrane permeability by approximately 1.6-fold and elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 1.9-fold. Furthermore, ATPase activity and ATP content were markedly suppressed, showing reductions of 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, indicating severe disruption of energy metabolism. Metabolomics analysis identified 129 significantly altered metabolites and revealed profound disturbances in 16 key metabolic pathways, with amino acid metabolism and the TCA cycle being the most severely affected. These quantitative results confirm that the LYZ-Car combination effectively inhibits and eradicates Salmonella , offering a promising strategy for enhancing food safety.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 5.911
Haiying Cui,Jingyu Lu,Changzhu Li,Marwan M.A. Rashed,Lin Lin
Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus ) is a recognized foodborne pathogen widely distributed in various protein-rich foods , which is a huge challenge to food safety. Herein, a novel enzyme-responsive nanomaterial based on cationic starch (CSt) nanofibers loaded with carvacrol@casein nanoparticles (CL@CSNPs) was constructed (CL@CS/CSt nanofiber) to prevent the contamination of B. cereus in soybean products. Considering the excellent antibacterial activity of carvacrol (CL) against B. cereus , CL@CSNPs were prepared by electrostatic adsorption and hydrophobic interaction and characterized by SEM and FTIR .CL@CS/CSt nanofibers with better performance were determined by comparing the physical properties of the electrospinning solution and the prepared nanofiber. Nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technology and analyzed by SEM and AFM to investigate the size and structural morphology of fibers. FTIR analyses were done to confirm the successful embedding of CL@CSNPs in CSt nanofibers. Subsequently, the controlled release of CL was verified by GC–MS and disc diffusion method. The application experiment results indicated that the treatment based on CL@CS/CSt nanofibers reduced the B. cereus in soy products by 2 log CFU/g, which reflected a significant antibacterial activity. In addition, CL@CS/CSt nanofibers could also prevent texture and chroma changes under refrigeration and maintain the sensory quality of soy products. Thus, CL@CS/CSt nanofibers appear to have great potential in controlling the contamination of soybean products by B. cereus while maintaining the physical quality.
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