MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2025
·
IF 5.1
Yan Zhang,Binling Yan,Bing Liu,Yuting Wang,Wenjing Qi,Lianzhe Hu,Jiaxing Song
In this work, a fluorescent small molecule based on 9,10-distyryl anthracene (DSA-2OH) with AIE properties was prepared. DSA-2OH can be oxidized by hypochlorite (ClO − ) to oxidized DSA (ODSA), which can be re-reduced to DSA-2OH by reducing agents. This oxidation–reduction process is accompanied by changes in fluorescence intensity and absorption wavelength. Based on this principle, a colorimetric/fluorometric dual-mode assay for the determination of ClO − and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are realized. In contrast to the colorimetric method, the fluorometric method has better detection effect. The fluorometric detection method can detect ClO − and ascorbic acid (AA) in a three-order-of-magnitude concentration range (0.1–20 μM and 0.2–30 μM). The detection limits (LOD) of fluorometric methods for ClO − and AA are 44 nM and 55 nM, respectively. The two methods can mutually validate each other to improve detection accuracy. The proposed assay can detect TAC in drinks such as orange juice, kiwi juice and drinking water with recoveries ranging from 95 % to 105 %, which can help us to make healthier and more sensible dietary choices.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
生物医学
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JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Mingxin Li,Lei Zhou,Hao Huang,Xueyuan Wang,Xiaomeng Kang,Dangqin Jin,Irfan Purnawan,Nurul Hidayati Fithriyah,Qin Xu,Shifa Wang
A ratiometric fluorescent probe was synthesized for detecting hypochlorite based on nopinone. • The optical properties and detection performances of the probe were studied comprehensively. • The nopinyl-based chemosensor exhibits excellent capability and was applied in bioimaging. Hypochlorous acid (HOCl)/hypochlorite (ClO − ), an endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a major part in physiological and pathological processes. The nopinone derivatives have been proved to be a good fluorophore scaffold and applied for the detection of multiple analytes, which benefited from its natural product properties, good biocompatibility, modifiability, and good photochemical properties. Herein, a ratiometric fluorescent probe ( NPBM ) for detecting ClO − was designed, which exhibited a remarkable fluorescence change from yellow to cyan in response to ClO − . The probe could quantitatively determine the concentrations of ClO − with excellent selectivity, fast response time, as well as low limit of detection (0.266 μM). High resolution mass spectral analysis demonstrated that ClO − triggered the oxidative cleavage of the bridge double bond in NPBM , resulting in significant change in fluorescence. In particular, benefiting from favorable biocompatibility and efficient cell-membrane permeability, NPBM has been successfully applied for ratiometric fluorescence imaging of exogenous ClO − in living HeLa human cervical cancer cells and zebrafish models. Such superior comprehensive performance endows NPBM with promising prospects for ClO − detection in complex biological systems. Therefore, NPBM has a potential application for the development of tools for detecting ClO − .
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 11.357
Wenjie Kuang,Zhang Yan,Jinxiu Chen,Xiaotang Ling,Wenxiao Zheng,Weijun Huang,Chunhua Feng
Electrochemical oxidation has been demonstrated to be a useful method for removing biorefractory organic pollutants in mature landfill leachate but suffers from low efficiency in eliminating ammonium because of its resistance to being oxidized by HO• or free chlorine (FC) at decreased pH. Here, we propose a new bipolar membrane-electrochlorination (BPM-EC) process to address this issue. We found that the BPM-EC system was significantly superior to both the undivided and divided reactors with monopolar membranes in terms of elevated rate of ammonium removal, attenuated generation of byproducts (e.g., nitrate and chloramines), increased Faradaic efficiency, and decreased energy consumption. Mechanistic studies revealed that the integration of BPM was helpful in creating alkaline environments in the vicinity of the anode, which facilitated production of surface-bound HO• and FC and eventually promoted in situ generation of ClO•, a crucial reactive species mainly responsible for accelerating ammonium oxidation and selective transformation to nitrogen. The efficacy of BPM-EC in treating landfill leachates with different ammonium concentrations was verified under batch and continuous-flow conditions. A kinetic model that incorporates the key parameters was developed, which can successfully predict the optimal number of BPM-EC reactors (e.g., 2 and 5 for leachates containing 589.4 ± 5.5 and 1258.1 ± 9.6 mg L–1 NH4+-N, respectively) necessary for complete removal of ammonium. These findings reveal that the BPM-EC process shows promise in treating ammonium-containing wastewater, with advantages that include effectiveness, adaptability, and flexibility.
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WATER RESEARCH
·
2023
·
IF 12.8
Xuecong Qian,Shilong Wang,Haijun Cheng,Ziye Jia,Da Wang,Yandong Xie,Jinhao Duan,Yu Tian,Jun Ma
The oxidation kinetics of Mn(II) by free chlorine is relatively low under near-neutral pH conditions which limits the Mn removal efficiency in drinking water treatment. Therefore, this study investigated the oxidation efficiency of Mn(II) by the UV-enhanced chlorination (UV/chlorine) system and identified the responsible reactive radical species. The results show that the oxidation kinetic of Mn(II) was greatly enhanced by the UV/chlorine system under near-neutral pH or even acidic conditions. The pseudo-first-order reaction rate of Mn(II) at pH 8.0 (within the first 20 min) increased from 2.60 × 10 −5 s −1 to 3.41 × 10 −4 s −1 . Based on the scavenging experiments and the steady-state kinetic modeling, ClO · and ClO 2 , whose steady-state concentration (∼10 −10 M and ∼10 −9 M, respectively at pH 8.0) was at least 4 orders of magnitude higher than that of HO · and Cl · , were recognized as the dominant reactive species contributing to the oxidation of Mn(II). Kinetic model calculations indicate that the contribution of ClO · to the oxidation of Mn(II) was consistently maintained above 70 %, and ClO 2 also played an important role in the oxidation of Mn(II) especially under acidic and alkaline conditions. In addition, the background components of HCO 3 − and Cl − had negligible influence on the oxidation efficiency because they barely changed the concentration of the ClO · and ClO 2 . This study first demonstrates the important role of ClO 2 in the oxidation of Mn(II) in the UV/chlorine system, and the possible role of ClO 2 in the degradation of some organic pollutants needs to be carefully evaluated in the future.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
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2022
·
IF 4.831
Cheng-lu Zhang,Xiang-ling Li,Yan-hua Jiang,Yi-ning Zhang,Yan-xuan Xie,Yue-dong Sun,Cui Liu
Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), a ratiometric fluorescent probe ( NQ ) was successfully designed and synthesized, in which quinolinone moiety was selected as the energy donor and naphthalimide block as the energy acceptor. NQ has a super large Stokes shift (231 nm) and a big quantum yield (0.463). Compared with previously reported probes with similar recognition sites, NQ can high sensitively and selectively recognize ClO − with a much low limit of detection (LOD = 21 nM) and extremely rapid response time (20 s). NQ has a strong anti-interference effect and a color change in the solution which can be seen by the “naked eye”. Moreover, NQ can be applied to detect ClO − in real water samples and living cells imaging.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
生物医学
·
环境科学
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ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2019
·Vol. 411
·期 8
·1561-1568
·
IF 3.286
Liu Lirong,Zhu Gangbing,Zeng Wei,Lv Baohe,Yi Yinhui
We present a new “off-on” fluorescence probe for detecting hypochlorite (ClO − ) based on silicon quantum dots coupled with silver nanoparticles (SiQDs/AgNPs) as nanocomplexes. Via introducing N -[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and catechol as initial reactants, silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) with excellent properties were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the morphology and structure of quantum dots. The fluorescence of SiQDs could be quenched by the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by surface plasmon-enhanced energy transfer (SPEET) from SiQDs (donor) to AgNPs (acceptor). The AgNPs could be etched by adding ClO − , thus freeing the SiQDs from the AgNP surfaces and restoring the SiQDs’ fluorescence. The sensing system exhibits many advantages, such as wide linear response range, high sensitivity, and excellent selectivity. Under optimized conditions, wide linear ranges (from 0.1 to 100.0 μM) and low detection limits (0.08 μM) were obtained for ClO − .
Graphical Abstract
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ChemistrySelect
·
2026
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·e05063
·
IF 2
Yu Huai,Heyang Gong,Yueran Zhang,Hongbo Huang,Yan Gao,Yun Gao
As essential trace elements in the organism, Ag + plays crucial roles in living systems. Deficiency or excess of Ag + can induce various diseases. Notably, hypochlorite (ClO − ), as a critical component of reactive oxygen species, not only participates in fundamental metabolic processes such as thyroid hormone synthesis but also exerts a crucial function in immune regulation and antibacterial defense. In this study, a bifunctional probe ( BHZ ) based on benzimidazole was designed and constructed. In the presence of Ag + , the fluorescence wavelength of the probe experienced a slight redshift, accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity. The mechanism is attributed to the ICT effect induced by the complexation of BHZ with Ag + , leading to changes in the fluorescence spectrum. Meanwhile, the probe selectively recognize ClO − via a fluorescence “OFF-ON” response, and the weak blue light of the probe turned into strong green light upon addition of ClO − . The mechanism of ClO − recognition involves addition reaction between ClO − and the probe, thereby inducing structural modifications in the probe that consequently modulated its optical properties. The detection limits of probe BHZ toward Ag + and ClO − were 1.57×10 −8 M and 4.28 nM, respectively. Mass spectrometry was utilized to investigate the response mechanisms of the probe toward Ag + and ClO − . By combining the smartphone color recognition, the rapid and real-time detection of Ag + by BHZ in real water samples was achieved by using fluorescence ratiometric recognition and test paper. Moreover, the probe BHZ has been effectively deployed for ClO − bioimaging in mice in vivo.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2023
·
IF 4.4
Huajie Chen,Dai Li,Yutao Zheng,Kui wang,He zhang,Zhipeng Feng,Bolin Huang,Huiyun Wen,Jiyong Wu,Weiming Xue,Saipeng Huang
Hypochlorite (ClO - ) is an important redox regulator in reactive oxygen species, which play a considerable role in oxidative stress and related diseases. Hence, accurate and sensitive monitoring of ClO - concentration was urgently needed in the fields of life sciences, food and environment. Bright green fluorescent carbon quantum dots (G-CQDs) were synthesized utilizing one-step hydrothermal method with citric acid and acriflavine precursors. Through TEM, FTIR, XPS and zeta potential characterization procedures, G-CQDs illustrated uniformly dispersed and significant number of –NH 2 and –OH on the surface. Meanwhile, the fluorescence and colorimetric analysis exhibited wide linear range and low detection limit response to ClO - . The fluorescence changes of G-CQDs were identified via smartphone to realize mobile sensing of ClO - . Subsequently, G-CQDs was applied for visualization and quantitative detection of ClO - in drinking water samples with satisfactory recovery rate. More importantly, G-CQDs demonstrated good water solubility, optical stability and excellent biocompatibility, which offered a promising analysis approach in cell imaging and exogenous ClO - detection in living cells. G-CQDs illustrated bright prospect and great potential in practical application of ClO - associated disease prevention and early clinical diagnosis.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 7.864
Wenxiao Zheng,Liuyi Zhu,Sheng Liang,Jinshao Ye,Xin Yang,Zhenchao Lei,Zhang Yan,Yongdong Li,Chaohai Wei,Chunhua Feng
Inorganic constituents in real wastewater, such as halides and carbonates/bicarbonates, may have negative effects on the performance of electrochemical systems because of their capability of quenching HO•. However, we discovered that the presence of Cl– and HCO3– in an electrochemical system is conducive to the formation of ClO•, which plays an important role in promoting the simultaneous elimination of biorefractory organics and nitrogen in secondary coking wastewater effluent. The 6-h operation of the coupled electrochemical system (an undivided electrolytic cell with a PbO2/Ti anode and a Cu/Zn cathode) at a current density of 37.5 mA cm–2 allowed the removal of 87.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 86.5% of total nitrogen. The electron paramagnetic resonance results suggested the formation of ClO• in the system, and the probe experiments confirmed the predominance of ClO•, whose steady-state concentrations (8.08 × 10–13 M) were 16.4, 26.5, and 1609.5 times those of Cl2•– (4.92 × 10–14 M), HO• (3.05 × 10–14 M), and Cl• (5.02 × 10–16 M), respectively. The rate constant of COD removal and the Faradaic efficiency of anodic oxidation obtained with Cl– and HCO3– was linearly proportional to the natural logarithm of the ClO• concentration, and the specific energy consumption was inversely correlated to it, demonstrating the crucial role of ClO• in pollutant removal.
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Small
·
2023
·Vol. 19
·期 38
·2302302
·
IF 13.3
Zhao He,Jian Zhu,Xin Li,Guo-Jun Weng,Jian-Jun Li,Jun-Wu Zhao
In this paper, Au@Ag nanopencil is designed as a multimodality plasmonic nanoprobe based on asymmetric etching for the detection of SCN − and ClO − . Au@Ag nanopencil with Au tip and Au@Ag rod is prepared by asymmetric tailoring of uniformly grown silver-covered gold nanopyramids under the combined effect of partial galvanic replacement and redox reaction. By asymmetric etching in different systems, Au@Ag nanopencil exhibits diversified changes in the plasmonic absorption band: O 2 •− facilitated by SCN − etches Au@Ag rod from the end to the tip, causing a blue shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak as the aspect ratio decreases; while the ClO − can retain Au@Ag shell and etch Ag within rod from the tip to the end, causing a redshift of the LSPR peak as the coupling resonance weakens. Based on peak shifts in different directions, a multimodality detection of SCN − and ClO − has been established. The results demonstrate the detection limits of SCN − and ClO − are 160 and 6.7 n m , and the linear ranges are 1–600 µ m and 0.05–13 µ m , respectively. The finely designed Au@Ag nanopencil not only broadens the horizon of designing heterogeneous structures, but also enriches the strategy of constructing multimodality sensing platform.
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·Vol. 55
·期 6
·1067-1076
·
IF 2.952
Dalong Zhai,Wei Shi,Yonghai Hui,Zhengfeng Xie
High-efficiency, mild-conditioned tandem Knoevenagel–Michael reaction was utilized to post-modify aldehyde-containing, triphenylamine-based precursor conjugated polymer ( CP1 ) to afford dimedone-decorated aimed polymer ( CP2) . The chemical structure of CP2 was verified by FTIR and 1 H NMR analyses. With the introduction of aqueous Hg 2+ , fluorescence of CP2 in THF-water mixture ( V THF / V water = 1/100) (buffered with 5 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate-disodium hydrogen phosphate (PB), pH = 7.4) altered significantly, with the emission changed from blue to orange. Besides this, CP2 also displayed specific optical response to ClO − in another probing medium ( V THF / V water = 1/100, buffered with 50 mM PBS (with NaCl in PB, pH = 7.4). The detailed probing process and the plausible detection mechanism of CP2 to Hg 2+ and ClO − were systematically investigated here. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 1067–1076
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
分析化学
·
环境监测
·
光学传感
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Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry
·
2023
·
IF 2.6
Qianchun Zhang,Haijiang Du,Siqi Xie,Fengling Tian,Xixi Long,Shan Liu,Yun Wu
Hypochlorite (ClO−) has received extensive attention owing to its significant roles in the immune defense and pathogenesis of numerous diseases. However, excessive or misplaced production of ClO− may pose certain diseases. Thus, to determine its biological functions in depth, ClO− should be tested in biosystems. In this study, a facile, one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-fluorine-doped carbon quantum dots (N, F-CDs) was developed using ammonium citrate tribasic, L-alanine, and ammonium fluoride as raw materials under hydrothermal conditions. The prepared N, F-CDs demonstrate not only strong blue fluorescence emission with a high fluorescence quantum yield (26.3%) but also a small particle size of approximately 2.9 nm, as well as excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. Meanwhile, the as-prepared N, F-CDs exhibit good performance in the highly selective and sensitive detection of ClO−. Thus, a wide concentration response range of 0–600 μM with a low limit of detection (0.75 μM) was favorably obtained for the N, F-CDs. Based on the excellent fluorescence stability, excellent water solubility, and low cell toxicity, the practicality and viability of the fluorescent composites were also successfully verified via detecting ClO− in water samples and living RAW 264.7 cells. The proposed probe is expected to provide a new approach for detecting ClO− in other organelles.
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