ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2024
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IF 6.2
Wenli Guo,Jinjin Zhang,Xiaoqian Zhang,Quanzhong Ren,Guangzhe Zheng,Jianxin Zhang,Guoxing Nie
Cadmium (Cd) pollution is considered a pressing challenge to eco-environment and public health worldwide. Although it has been well-documented that Cd exhibits various adverse effects on aquatic animals, it is still largely unknown whether and how Cd at environmentally relevant concentrations affects iron metabolism . Here, we studied the effects of environmental Cd exposure (5 and 50 μg/L) on iron homeostasis and possible mechanisms in common carp. The data revealed that Cd elevated serum iron, transferrin saturation and iron deposition in livers and spleens, leading to the disruption of systemic iron homeostasis. Mechanistic investigations substantiated that Cd drove hemolysis by compromising the osmotic fragility and inducing defective morphology of erythrocytes. Cd concurrently exacerbated hepatic inflammatory responses, resulting in the activation of IL6-Stat3 signaling and subsequent hepcidin transcription. Notably, Cd elicited ferroptosis through increased iron burden and oxidative stress in livers. Taken together, our findings provide evidence and mechanistic insight that environmental Cd exposure could undermine iron homeostasis via erythrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Further investigation and ecological risk assessment of Cd and other pollutants on metabolism-related effects is warranted, especially under the realistic exposure scenarios.
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Journal of Environmental Sciences
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2024
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IF 5.9
Feixue Liu,Tianmeng Zhang,Yeyun Ma,Jingquan Dong,Yong Sun
Environmental residues of the fungicide difenoconazole (DFZ) have been shown to pose a threat to mammals. However, the risk assessment of DFZ for cultured carp remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of DFZ on carp liver and their molecular mechanisms by simulating the environmental contamination concentrations of DFZ. Our results showed that DFZ induced structural damage in the liver, including edema, vacuolation, and congestion. In addition, DFZ residues were detected in liver tissues. Mechanistically, DFZ causes mitochondrial dysfunction by promoting Ca 2+ transfer from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria via IP3R, leading to the onset of ROS burst and apoptosis, and the inhibition of Nrf2 antioxidant function by DFZ also results in uncontrolled ROS. Mitophagy was also activated intracellularly to counteract mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, treatment with 2-APB alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, restored the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited apoptosis by blocking the translocation of Ca 2+ from the ER to the mitochondria. Metabolomic analysis revealed that DFZ disrupted energy metabolism in carp liver, whereas 2-APB reversed DFZ-induced metabolic alterations. In conclusion, the present study elucidates the threat of DFZ to carp liver and highlights the mechanism of damage, thereby helping to explain the impact of agriculture on the aquatic environment.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2022
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IF 9.231
Dongying Song,Yinghao Yun,Zijie He,Jiali Mi,Jiaxiang Luo,Min Jin,Qicun Zhou,Guoxing Nie
In order to further explain the fillet texture improvement of Yellow River carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) fed with faba bean ( Vicia faba L.), a three-month rearing trial was conducted to investigate fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity, myofiber development, collagen deposition and transcriptome in white muscle of two farmed carp groups (One was fed only faba bean, the other was fed commercial diet). As a strong oxidant, faba bean changed fatty acids composition in white muscle, especially DHA and EPA, up-regulated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down-regulated major antioxidant enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas and white muscle. Through the analysis of transcriptome and subsequent verification analysis, we speculated that the increase of ROS led to the decrease of myofiber diameter and collagen metabolism. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the regulation of faba bean on fillet texture characteristic of Yellow River carp.
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JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
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2024
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IF 1.7
Leya Qu,Liping Yang,Yiran Wang,Shaoyang Zhi,Mengjuan Zhao,Jinrui Xiong,Xiao Yan,Chaobin Qin,Guoxing Nie
Isthmin-1 (Ism1) plays roles in glucose uptake in mammals as an adipokine. To investigate its role in the glucose metabolism of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio. L), the Ism1 sequence was cloned, and its expression and distribution in tissues were detected. In addition, we prepared and purified the recombinant Ism1 protein using the E. coli expression system and assessed changes in the expression of key genes related to glucose metabolism through both in vivo injection experiments and primary hepatocyte experiments in vitro. The results revealed that the open reading frame of Ism1 was 1377 bp long, encoding 458 amino acids. Similarity analysis indicated that Ism1 exhibited a close evolutionary relationship with goldfish ( Carassius auratus ), sharing 98.35% amino acid similarity. Ism1 was expressed in all tissues of common carp, with the highest level observed in the heart, followed by the gill, head kidney, and hepatopancreas. Distinct patterns of Ism1 expression were identified during the oral glucose tolerance test and long-term high-carbohydrate and high-fat diet feeding experiments. In vivo studies demonstrated that the serum glucose concentration was reduced on treatment with Ism1, accompanied by a significant upregulation of mRNA levels for gk , hk , and pfk genes in hepatopancreas; conversely pepck and g6pase mRNA levels were significantly downregulated in the hepatopancreas under these conditions as well. Furthermore, our primary hepatocyte experiment confirmed that Ism1 could inhibit pepck and g6pase mRNA expression, while promoting gk , hk , and pfk mRNA expression levels. In conclusion, Ism1, in common carp, could participate in the glucose metabolism, which provides essential information for future studies on the function of Ism1.
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BMC Veterinary Research
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2026
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IF 3.1
Yan Xiao,Yang Bowen,Mi Jiali,Zhi Shaoyang,Feng Junchang,Cheng Lijiao,Wang Junli,Qin Chaobin,Nie Guoxing
Background This study was designed to investigate how three distinct bile acids (BAs) modulate glycolipid metabolic disorders and hepatointestinal injury induced by excessive intake of lipids and carbohydrates in Yellow River carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Here, the fish were randomly assigned to five groups: a control group (CON), a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (HFHC) group, a HFHC + 300 mg/kg chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) group, a HFHC + 300 mg/kg ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) group and a HFHC + 300 mg/kg hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) group. Results The results revealed that the serum triglyceride, glucose, and total cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in HFHC-fed fish, accompanied by increased glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activities in the serum and hepatopancreas. However, dietary supplementation with bile acids in the HFHC diet significantly improved these negative changes. Analysis of BA-glycolipid metabolism-related gene expression and enzyme activities in the hepatopancreas revealed that CDCA and HDCA inhibited gluconeogenesis (FBPase/PEPCK/G6Pase) and lipogenesis (SREBP-1/FAS), while promoting glycogen accumulation (genes and glycogen levels) and fatty acid β-oxidation (PPARα) via activation of the FXR (farnesoid X receptor) /SHP (small heterodimer partner) pathway. In contrast, dietary UDCA supplementation increased intestinal TGR5 (takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5) expression and suppressed the activities of two key gluconeogenic enzymes, PEPCK and G6Pase. Additionally, dietary BAs supplementation alleviated HFHC diet-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB (Nuclear Factor κB) pathway. Bile acids relieved gut dysbiosis, improved microbial alpha diversity and community structure, and enriched beneficial bacteria including Cetobacterium somerae . These microbial changes eventually modulated host substance synthesis and metabolism. HE staining showed that HFHC diet caused hepatopancreatic lesions and intestinal morphological damage in Yellow River carp, which were effectively alleviated by bile acid addition. Conclusions In conclusion, HFHC diets disrupt fish glycolipid metabolism and impair hepato-intestinal health in Yellow River carp, whereas dietary BAs can attenuate these detrimental effects by modulating metabolic pathways and the gut microbiota composition. Graphical
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
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2020
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IF 0
Chen Zhang,Sheng Guo,Zhao Zhao,Zi-Rao Guo,Rui Ma,Gao-Xue Wang,Bin Zhu
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) causes devastating disease in aquaculture, resulting in significant economic impact. To develop an effective means against SVCV infection, a Lactococcus lactis ( L.lactis ) based subunit vaccine (pNZ-UGA) was developed based on surface displaying of SVCV glycoprotein using anchoring motif of the cA (C terminus of the peptidoglyvsn-binding) domains of AcmA, a major autolysin from L.lactis . The surface expression of SVCV glycoprotein was verified by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The efficacy of the constructed vaccine was further evaluated in common carp . The results showed that the higher levels of specific IgM could be detected in fish vaccinated with pNZ-UGA, compared with that in PBS and L.lactis groups. Immune-related genes including TNF-α , IL-6b , IL-1β , Cxcr 1 , Cxca , IFNg2b , I-IFN , and IgM expression in pNZ-UGA group were strongly up-regulated, revealing that robust innate immune response was induced. Notably, the lowest cumulative mortality (13.46%) was observed in fish vaccinated with pNZ-UGA vaccine after SVCV challenge, whereas the cumulative mortality were 100.00% and 92.31% in PBS and L.lactis groups, respectively. This study suggests the potential use of the recombinant L.lactis with surface displaying antigen proteins as effective vaccines against SVCV and other fish virus infection .
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
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2019
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IF 3.298
Hui Li,Guilan Di,Yi Zhang,Rongrong Xue,Jing Zhang,Junping Liang
Cadmium (Cd) is a nonessential metal that is a contaminant in aquatic ecosystems . Cd can accumulate in aquatic animals, leading to detrimental effects in tissues, and Cd exposure can induce immunotoxicity in fish. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in immune responses, yet the participation of miRNAs in Cd-induced immunotoxicity remains poorly understood. The present study evaluated the effects of Cd exposure on the immune responses and the mRNAs and miRNAs expressions of immune-related genes in Cyprinus carpio ( C. carpio ). Then, microRNA-155 (miR-155) was overexpressed and microRNA-181a (miR-181a) was knocked down to determine which miRNA plays a key role in the immune response to Cd. The results showed that 0.5 mg/L Cd 2+ significantly decreased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the kidneys of C. carpio . Cd exposure upregulated the mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4) and downregulated those of IL-10 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in C. carpio kidneys. Cd exposure also led to upregulation of miR-155 and miR-181a expressions. Furthermore, AKP and ACP activity in the kidneys was markedly changed after intraperitoneal injection of C. carpio with miR-155 agomir and miR-181a antagomir . All detected mRNA expressions were significantly decreased after injection of miR-155 agomir, and IL-10, NF-κB, TNF-α, and HO-1 mRNA expressions were markedly increased after injection of miR-181a antagomir. The results of this study demonstrate that Cd exposure can immunocompromise C. carpio by targeting HO-1 through miR-155 and miR-181a. This is the first study to reveal that Cd exposure induces immunotoxicity through miR-155 and miR-181a in the kidneys of C. carpio .
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Shaoyang Zhi,Junli Wang,Yiran Wang,Yijie Li,Mengjuan Zhao,Liping Yang,Chaobin Qin,Xiao Yan,Guoxing Nie
AMPKα1 and AMPKα2, key kinases in regulating energy homeostasis, have not been previously cloned or characterized in common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ). This study identified the open reading frame (ORF) sequences of ampkα1 (1722 bp, encoding 573 amino acids) and ampkα2 (1659 bp, encoding 552 amino acids) through homologous cloning. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity of both genes with fish homologs. Expression analysis revealed that ampkα1 and ampkα2 are widely expressed across tissues in carp, with ampkα1 highly expressed in the gonads and ampkα2 in the heart. Fasting significantly reduced ampkα1 expression in the heart, adipose tissue, and foregut but increased it in the hindgut and white muscle. Similarly, ampkα2 expression decreased in the hypothalamus and muscle during fasting, with an increase in the midgut. Glucose tolerance tests showed dynamic regulation of ampkα1 and ampkα2 , with initial downregulation followed by upregulation in the hepatopancreas, red muscle, and brain. High-glucose and high-fat diets significantly increased ampkα1 and ampkα2 expression in multiple tissues. Insulin and glucagon treatment induced time-dependent changes in both genes in hepatocytes, while Aeromonas hydrophila infection, LPS, and Poly (I:C) stimulation upregulated ampkα1 and ampkα2 in immune-related tissues. Knockdown of ampkα2 , but not ampkα1 , reduced glut1b mRNA levels, while both knockdowns of ampkα1 and ampkα2 promoted the expression of gsk3β , pygm , acc , fas , srebp , cs , and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting their involvement in metabolic and immune regulation in carp.
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AQUACULTURE
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2020
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IF 3.225
Yu Wang,Hongjing Zhao,Menghao Guo,Mengyao Mu,Hui Zong,Mingwei Xing
Arsenic (As) contamination in water bodies has adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Zinc (Zn), as an important enzyme cofactor and efficient reactive oxygen species scavenger, plays an indispensable role in cellular homeostasis and biological functions. However, there has been less investigation on As Zn interaction in common carp (Cyprinus carpio ). We hypothesize that Zn is a candidate for the treatment and prevention of arsenism. In general, feed efficiency, growth performance and organ indices did not significantly differ between the As or/and Zn group and the control groups ( p > 0.05). However, arsenite significantly altered the intestinal morphological features and suppressed intestinal tight junction proteins (claudins, occluding, and zonula occludens) as indicated by mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and organic 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine), inflammatory (nuclear factor kappa-B and pro-inflammatory cytokines) and detoxification parameters (metallothionein) in intestine and liver increased following arsenite exposure ( p < 0.05), concomitant with innate immunity suppression (C4 and IgM; p < 0.01). These anomalies led to abnormal lipid metabolism (SREBP-1c pathway; p < 0.01) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (PERK-eIF2α, IRE1α and ATF6 ; p < 0.01). Overall, As impaired general physiological and cellular functions, and compromised the immune system of carp . Zn 2+ restored these alterations, as evidenced by the reduction in inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress via the activation of the antioxidant system. Thus, Zn supplementation can be used to treat and prevent arsenism; it is a useful alternative to prevent physiological and cellular damage in the inland culture of carp.
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FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 4.7
Lei Diao,Meiqi Ding,Hongzhen Sun,Yawei Xu,Rui Yin,Huijie Chen
Polystyrene microplastics (PM) is a pressing global environmental concern, posing substantial risks to aquatic ecosystems . Microalgal astaxanthin (MA), a heme pigment, safeguards cells against oxidative damage induced by free radicals, which contributes to various health conditions, including aging, inflammation and chronic diseases. Herein, we investigated the potential of MA in ameliorating the immunotoxicity of PM on carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.) based on head kidney lymphocytes treated with PM (250 μM) and/or MA (100 μM). Firstly, CCK8 results showed that PM resulted in excessive death of head kidney lymphocytes. Secondly, head kidney lymphocytes treated with PM had a higher proportion of necroptosis, and the levels of necroptosis-related genes in head kidney lymphocytes were increased. Thirdly, the relative red fluorescence intensity of JC-1 and MitoSox showed decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased mtROS in head kidney lymphocytes treated with PM. MitoTracker® Green FM fluorescence analysis revealed enhanced mitochondrial Ca 2+ levels in PM-treated lymphocytes, corroborating the association between PM exposure and elevated intracellular Ca 2+ dynamics. PM exposure resulted in upregulation of calcium homeostasis-related gene (Orail, CAMKIIδ and SLC8A1) in lymphocytes. Subsequent investigations revealed that PM exposure reduced miR-25-5p expression while increasing levels of MCU, MICU1, and MCUR1 . Notably, these effects were counteracted by treatment with MA. Furthermore, PM led to the elevated secretion of inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-2 and TNF-α), thereby inducing immune dysfunction in head kidney lymphocytes. Encouragingly, MA treatment effectively mitigated the immunotoxic effects induced by PM, demonstrating its potential in ameliorating necroptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and immune impairment via regulating the miR-25-5p/MCU axis in lymphocytes. This study sheds light on safeguarding farmed fish against agrobiological threats posed by PM, highlighting the valuable applications of MA in aquaculture.
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FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
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2024
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IF 4.5
Mengyuan Qin,Shuo Han,Miaomiao Chen,Pengju Li,Yuqi Wang,Wenfang Niu,Chao Gao,Hailei Wang,Yi Li
Hafnia paralvei , a Gram-negative foodborne pathogen, is found ubiquitously in various aquatic animals and seafoods, which can form biofilm as a dominant virulence factor that contributes to its pathogenesis. However, the biofilm formation mechanism of H. paralvei and its effect on food spoilage has not been fully characterized. Here we show that biofilm formation, is regulated by c-di-GMP which mediated by bcsB , can increase the spoilage ability of H. paralvei . We found that GTP was added exogenously to enhance the synthesis of c-di-GMP, which further promoted biofilm formation. The gene dgcC , one of 11 genes encoding GGDEF domain-containing proteins in H. paralvei , was significantly upregulated with GTP as substrate. The upregulation of dgcC contributes to a significant increase of c-di-GMP and the formation of biofilm. In addition, the overexpression of dgcC induced upregulation of bcsB , a reported effector protein encoding gene, which was further demonstrated that overexpression of bcsB can encourage the synthesis of bacterial cellulose and biofilm formation. The effect of biofilm formation induced by c-di-GMP on spoilage of Yellow River carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) was evaluated by sensory evaluation , the total viable count , and the total volatile basic nitrogen, which showed that biofilm formation can significantly increase the spoilage ability of H. paralvei on C. carpio . Our findings provide the regulation of c-di-GMP on expression of bcsB , that can contribute to biofilm formation and spoilage ability of H. paralvei , which is favor to understanding the pathogenesis of Hafnia paralvei and its role in food spoilage.
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DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 2.4
Guangcai Wei,Jianhui Zhao,Qingyun Zuo,Manting Sun,Hua Wei,Haofeng Wang,Guiwen Yang,Eakapol Wangkahart,Lei Wang,Fumiao Zhang
Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of cytosine to uracil in DNA, driving somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of antibody genes to promote antibody diversification in the adaptive immunity. The AID gene from Cyprinus carpio (CcAID) has a full-length open reading frame of 633 bp and encodes a protein of 210 amino acids. CcAID shares structural and functional similarities with apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family members and contains a conserved catalytic domain characteristic of cytidine deaminases. Notably, the absence of two key phosphorylation sites in CcAID (Ser38 and Tyr184) may be a significant factor contributing to the markedly lower levels of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in teleost fish. A high level of CcAID transcript expression was detected in carp larvae on the sixth day after fertilization. Intraperitoneal injection of T-independent and T-dependent antigens preferentially upregulated CcAID expression in head kidney and splenic lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed its expression in IgM + spleen lymphocytes. Recombinant CcAID exhibited cytidine deaminase activity. These findings indicate that CcAID is specifically expressed in IgM + spleen lymphocytes, suggesting its potential role in antibody production.
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