查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Polysaccharide in Conjugation with Ovalbumin Act as Delivery System Can Improve Immune Response

Haibo Feng,Jie Yang,Hui Zhi,Xin Hu,Yan Yang,Linzi Zhang,Qianqian Liu,Yangyang Feng,Daiyan Wu,Hangyu Li

In this investigation, to maximize the desired immunoenhancement effects of PsEUL and stimulate an efficient humoral and cellular immune response against an antigen, PsEUL and the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) were coupled using the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) reaction to yield a novel delivery system (PsEUL-OVA). The physicochemical characteristics and immune regulation effects of this new system were investigated. We found the yield of this EDC method to be 46.25%. In vitro, PsEUL-OVA (200 μg mL−1) could enhance macrophage proliferation and increase their phagocytic efficiency. In vivo, PsEUL-OVA could significantly increase the levels of OVA-specific antibody (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b) titers and cytokine (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ) levels. Additionally, it could activate T lymphocytes and facilitate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). These findings collectively suggested that PsEUL-OVA induced humoral and cellular immune responses by promoting the phagocytic activity of macrophages and DCs. Taken together, these results revealed that PsEUL-OVA had the potential to improve immune responses and provide a promising theoretical basis for the design of a novel delivery system.Keywords:polysaccharides fromEucommia ulmoides;adjuvant;delivery system;macrophage;dendritic cell

Histochemical studies on the distribution and accumulation of trans-polyisoprene in the rubber-producing plant Eucommia ulmoides

Xue-Feng Ma,Xue-Feng Yao,Zhi-Zhen Chi,Ming-Qiang Zhu

Eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUR) is a high-quality natural rubber resource, which can be extracted from different organs of the Eucommia ulmoides tree . In this study, EUR was isolated from the leaves, barks, and pericarps , and the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of EUR were systematically determined. The accumulation and distribution of EUR in different tissues were assessed through in situ observations combined with cellular and subcellular scales. The preliminary analyses indicated that the variations in the physicochemical properties of EUR across different tissues were associated with its accumulation microstructure. Further analyses by SEM and TEM showed that the initial cell differentiation and fusion resulted in the formation of tubular structures without any nucleus. A limited number of rubber particles were generated within the cytoplasm, concurrent with aggregation and fusion. Eventually, rubber particles filled the entire cytoplasm, and organelles disappeared to form highly aggregated filamentous structures. In addition, the number and area of EUR-containing cells were closely related to the organization sizes of barks and leaves. This study provided valuable insights into Eucommia ulmoides histology and the rubber industry.

Hydrogen bond competition driven cell wall deconstruction enables green extraction of Eucommia ulmoides gum using deep eutectic solvents

Zemin Ou,Qingxia Li,Lingyu Jia,Chao Chen,Hong Yi,Maoqing Wang,Chun Li,Zhimin Wang,Xiaoqian Liu

Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) is a natural trans−1,4-polyisoprene with promising applications in green elastomers and bio-based materials. However, its extraction is limited by strong confinement within a cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin matrix. This study aims to elucidate a hydrogen bond competition mechanism to enable efficient cell wall deconstruction and EUG release. Deep eutectic solvent systems were designed by tuning hydrogen bond donors and acceptors to selectively disrupt polysaccharide hydrogen bonding networks. The results show that hydrogen bond basicity, acidity, and viscosity collectively regulate solvent penetration and competitive interactions, with the choline chloride-lactic acid system providing the optimal balance between deconstruction efficiency and mass transfer. Spectroscopic analyses reveal pronounced weakening and rearrangement of cellulose and hemicellulose hydrogen bonding networks, which correlate with enhanced EUG release, structural loosening, and controlled molecular weight distribution. Coupling this system with petroleum ether extraction and optimizing conditions via response surface methodology achieves an EUG extraction yield of 20.76 ± 0.96%, with an extraction efficiency of 90.10 ± 4.17% and a purity of 98.24 ± 0.93%, while preserving EUG integrity. The extracted EUG retains its characteristic trans-1,4-polyisoprene structure and exhibits favorable thermal and mechanical properties. These findings provide a mechanism-driven basis for scalable and sustainable extraction processes and offer guidance for the rational design of solvent systems in industrial biomass valorization.

Effects of natural antioxidants on the oxidative stability of Eucommia ulmoides seed oil: Experimental and molecular simulation investigations

Lu Ruan,Ling Lu,Xiuying Zhao,Wanwei Xiong,Haiyan Xu,Sizhu Wu

Eucommia ulmoides seed oil with high health potential is prone to oxidative rancidity due to its rich unsaturated fatty acids. In this work, three natural antioxidants were selected for exploring the oxidation resistance of the oil compared with the common synthetic antioxidant BHT. Antioxidant activity and its dispersion and migration as well as oxygen barrier performance were predicted via the bond dissociation enthalpy ( BDE ), mean square displacement ( MSD ), binding energy ( E binding ) and permeability coefficient ( S ). The predicted comprehensive performance is as follows: myricetin  > epicatechin > caffeic acid > BHT. Free radical scavenging assay and Rancimat assay confirmed the antioxidant activity and protective effect on oil. That is the protective effect of three natural antioxidants on Eucommia ulmoides seed oil is better than BHT and myricetin shows the optimal comprehensive performance. The induction period of myricetin/lipid system increased 164.5% compared with the control. The experimental results are in good consistent with the simulation predictions.

Extraction and Purification of Aucubin from Eucommia ulmoides Seed Draff in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Macroporous Resins

Yunhui Liao,Feng Chen,Haishan Tang,Wubliker Dessie,Zuodong Qin

Aucubin (AU) is an active ingredient that exerts strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the treatment of several diseases. In order to improve the efficiency of resource utilization of traditional biomass waste, Eucommia ulmoides seed-draff (EUSD) waste biomass was used as the raw material, and a series of deep eutectic solvents were selected to evaluate the extraction efficiency of aucubin from EUSD. A response surface experiment was designed based on a single-factor experiment to optimize the extract conditions. The results showed that the best conditions for aucubin extraction were an HBD–HBA ratio of 2.18, a liquid–solid ratio of 46.92 mL/g, a water percentage of 37.95%, a temperature of 321.03 K, and an extraction time of 59.55 min. The maximum amount of aucubin was 156.4 mg/g, which was consistent with the theoretical value (156.8 mg/g). Then, the performance of 12 resins for adsorption and desorption was contrasted. The results revealed that HPD950 resin exhibited the best performance, with an adsorption capacity of 95.2% and a desorption capacity of 94.3%. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order model provided the best match to the kinetics data, the Langmuir model provided the best fit to the isotherm data, and adsorption was a beneficial, spontaneous, exothermic, and physical process. In the recyclability test, the HPD950 resin had great potential and excellent sustainability in aucubin recovery. In the antioxidant activity study, the aucubin extract exerted a strong antioxidant ability with scavenging capabilities for four free radicals. Furthermore, the antifungal activity study found that the aucubin extract exhibited a good antifungal effect against 5 tested pathogens. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the extraction of high-value components from waste biomass by deep eutectic solvent and a certain application value for the development and utilization of natural aucubin products.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Fermentation Alters the Physicochemical Characteristics and Enhances the Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Polysaccharides

Eucommia ulmoidesleaf polysaccharides (EUPSs) are plant-derived macromolecules with antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential. This study investigated whether solid-state fermentation usingLactiplantibacillus plantarummodifies the physicochemical characteristics and bioactivity of EUPS. Unfermented and fermented polysaccharide fractions (EUPS and FEUPS, respectively) were compared for yield, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, infrared characteristics, morphology, and radical-scavenging activity, and were further evaluated in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Fermentation increased the recovery yield of the dried polysaccharide fraction to 19.45%, representing a 55.1% increase compared with the unfermented extraction, and altered the monosaccharide composition and molecular weight distribution while largely preserving the major functional groups. FEUPS exhibited a looser, more porous morphology, and stronger DPPH•, ABTS•+, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities than EUPS. In vivo, FEUPS improved body weight gain, histopathological features, serum immunoglobulin levels, hepatic antioxidant status, and splenic gene-expression profiles. Compared with the corresponding EUPS groups, FEUPS showed significant differences in selected immune- and antioxidant-related parameters, particularly at the medium dose. FEUPS was also associated with changes in cecal microbiota composition and correlations between bacterial taxa and host immune and antioxidant markers. Overall, fermentation improved the yield and functional properties of EUPS, highlighting the potential of FEUPS for incorporation into functional food products.

Preparation of Eucommia ulmoides lignin-based high-performance biochar containing sulfonic group: Synergistic pyrolysis mechanism and tetracycline hydrochloride adsorption

Yicong Chen,Jianting Liu,Qibin Zeng,Zuxue Liang,Xiaoxia Ye,Yuancai Lv,Minghua Liu

In this study, the sulfonic group was introduced to prepare high-performance Eucommia ulmoides lignin-based biochar, which was used to remove tetracycline hydrochloride. The BET area (2008 m 2  g −1 ) of sulfonated biochar was twice that of unmodified biochar. Through XRD and Raman analysis, the synergetic pyrolysis mechanism of the sulfonic group in the formation of the porous structure was discussed. Sulfonated biochar had excellent adsorption performance for tetracycline hydrochloride (Q m : 1163 mg g −1 ), while the adsorption performance of unmodified biochar was about only one-fourth (Q m : 277.7 mg g −1 ) of that. The adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride by the sulfonated biochar was spontaneously endothermic and conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption process was confirmed by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Moreover, the sulfonic group on the sulfonated biochar significantly promoted the formation of the hydrogen bond and greatly improved the adsorption performance.

Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide modified nano-selenium effectively alleviated DSS-induced colitis through enhancing intestinal mucosal barrier function and antioxidant capacity

Ye Ruihua,Guo Qingyun,Huang Jiaqiang,Wang Zixu,Chen Yaoxing,Dong Yulan

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is currently the most common inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to its diverse and complex causes, there is no cure at present, and researchers are constantly exploring new therapies. In recent years, nano-selenium particle(SeNP) has attracted wide attention due to excellent biological activities. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we used a natural polysaccharide, Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide (EUP), modified SeNP to get EUP-SeNP with a size of about 170 nm, and its effect on 3% dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis was explored. Our results showed that colon intestinal histology, intestinal mucosal barrier, inflammatory cytokines and intestinal microbiome composition were changed after EUP-SeNP treatment in colitis mice. Specifically, it was also shown that oral treatment of EUP-SeNP could relieve the degree of DSS-induced colitis in mice by restoring weight loss, reducing disease activity index (DAI), enhancing colon antioxidant capacity and regulating intestinal microbiome composition. In addition, we verified the mechanism in intestinal epithelial cell lines, showing that EUP-SeNP inhibited LPS-induced activation of the TRL-4/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cell lines. To some extend, our study provides therapeutic reference for the treatment of IBD.

Preparation and characterization of a novel oligomeric gum from Eucommia ulmoides crosslinked with carboxymethyl chitosan antibacterial wound dressing for quick hemostasis

Yichun Yang,Zemin Ou,Zhimin Wang,Tianxiao Yang,Jingjing Zhu,Xiaoqian Liu

It is the expectation of wound management to develop high-efficiency wound dressing which can control bleeding and prevent infection in clinics. In this study, a new wound dressing was synthesized by cross-linking oligomeric gum from Eucommia ulmoides (OGE) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CC) with genipin. The chemical structure, micromorphology and wettability of the synthetic OGE-CC were characterized. The physical properties and biocompatibility evaluation of OGE-CC showed that the material displayed excellent swelling ratio, high porosity and no cytotoxicity. It also demonstrated strong antimicrobial activity, achieving 99.99% antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P.aeruginosa ). Compared with the maximum average compressive stress (MACS) of the commercial gelatin-based dressing (GBD, 95 ± 7 kPa), the OGE-CC (2:1) displayed a higher MACS of 166 ± 4 kPa, which indicated its superior compressive properties. OGE-CC displayed stable states under varying temperatures and humidity levels. In addition, OGE-CC showed faster hemostatic effects than GBD and silicone-based dressing (SBD) in mice models of tail amputation and hepatic hemorrhage. OGE-CC can degrade in PBS solution with the highest degradation rate of 63.24 ± 2.01 % after 20 days. These results suggested that OGE-CC had the potential to be developed as an antibacterial and hemostasis wound dressing.

Hypoglycemic activity of enzymatically extracted Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide (EUL-w1) on IR-HepG2 cell via the AMPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

Pin Gong,Xufeng Wang,Yewen Han,Hui Long,Wenjuan Yang,Fuxin Chen,Mengjiao Cui,Wenjun Zhai,Benzhong Zheng,Xuefeng Chen

This study devised optimal conditions to extract Eucommia ulmoides leaf (EUL) polysaccharides using a cellulase and pectinase composite enzyme system based on one-way experiments and response surface methodology. Crude EUL polysaccharides (EULPs) were extracted and purified using a DEAE chromatography column. The polysaccharides EUL-w, EUL1, EUL2, and EUL3 were obtained by elution with water, 0.1 mol/L NaCl, 0.2 mol/L NaCl, and 0.3 mol/L NaCl, respectively. The EUL-w fraction had the highest hypoglycemic activity based on its α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The preliminary structure of purified EUL-w1 was elucidated. In vitro hypoglycemic activity studies and metabolomics analyses suggested that EUL-w1 modulated glucose metabolism by mediating the AMPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Our findings provide novel insights and data support for the utilization of EULPs as an emerging food resource in functional foods.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Protective Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Extract Against D-Galactose-Induced Senescence in Avian Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Xiaoxiao Liang,Yiru Cheng,Ruxia Wang,Qian Wang,Peng Tang,Yulong Yin,Xia Xiong

Eucommia ulmoidesleaf extract (ELE) boasts a high concentration of bioactive components including flavonoids, chlorogenic acid, and polysaccharides. It exhibits multiple biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gut microbiota-modulating properties, showing great potential in enhancing immunity, maintaining intestinal health, and delaying cellular senescence. This study investigated the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of ELE against D-galactose-induced senescence in chick embryo primary intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Using an in vitro model (200 mmol/L D-galactose), we found that 100 µg/mL ELE pretreatment significantly preserved cell viability, mitigated apoptosis, and delayed cellular senescence, as evidenced by cytological and biochemical assays. Furthermore, RNA-seq transcriptomic analysis identified seven key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mediating these anti-aging effects. Mechanistic investigations revealed that ELE modulates ATP6V0D2 and NCF2 to activate autophagy signaling pathways. This ELE-induced promotion of autophagy effectively suppresses inflammatory responses in IECs, thereby delaying senescence progression. These findings elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which ELE antagonizes intestinal cellular senescence, providing a solid theoretical foundation for its development as a functional anti-aging additive in the food industry.

Formation and stability of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil-loaded inverse microemulsion formed by food-grade ingredients and its antioxidant activities

Shiye Zhu,Jiaxing Li,Yating Liu,Liang Chen

Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil ( E.u oil) as a functional oil is rich in many natural active components such as α-linolenic acid (56% to 63%), vitamin E, aucubin, and so on. In this study, water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsions composed of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil, distilled water, a blend of Sorbitan monooleate 80 (Span 80) and Polysorbate (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), and propylene glycol were prepared for improving the compatibility of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were built to illustrate the phase behavior of the microemulsions, based on hydrophilic–lipophilic balance values, cosurfactant type, the proportion of cosurfactant, and the changing environmental stress. Dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements were performed to characterize the microstructural aspects. The optimum process conditions at which the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil-loaded microemulsion had good tolerance to pH and salinity were: Propylene glycol served as cosurfactant, water–Propylene glycol, and Span 80-Tween 80 ratios separately kept constant at 1:1 and 6:4. These microemulsions with narrow size distribution, nanoscale particle size (below 60 nm), transparent appearance had a wide range of oil phase content and free-radical scavenging capacity toward DPPH and ABTS radicals with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) values of 49.20 and 33.43 mg/mL, respectively. Practical Application This nanostructure, environmental stability, and antioxidant activity of microemulsions containing Eucommia ulmoides Oliver seed oil is a potential delivery system as an alternative to α -linolenic acid and can be used for the delivery of peptides, proteins, antioxidants, and water-soluble nutrients.