MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 28
·期 2
·45
·
IF 2.8
Huang Zelin,Xiao Chuanbo,Liu Xia,Huang Junwa,Song Lv,Zhao Shenfu,Yang Dan,Gao Hujun,Ke Zhenlin,Li Yuxiao,Yang Lihua,Ye Hua,Yang Huijun,Luo Hui
This study investigated the effects of dietary formic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, serum biochemistry, digestive enzyme activity, gut microbiota composition, and transcriptomic profiles of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Four isonitrogenous (52.67% crude protein) and isolipidic (9.31% crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated: control (CG, 0.00% formic acid), FA1 (0.2%), FA2 (0.6%), and FA3 (1.0%). A total of 480 juvenile fish (initial body weight: 17.31 ± 0.10 g) were randomly allocated into four groups consisting of three replicate tanks (30 fish per tank). The fish were fed these diets for 9 weeks. The results showed that dietary formic acid significantly increased final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.2% formic acid significantly increased muscle and whole-body crude protein and lipid content, while improving mineral composition, fatty acid profiles, and amino acid profiles ( P < 0.05). Digestive enzymes activity, including pepsin and lipase in stomach and trypsin, lipase and Na + /K + -ATPase in intestine, was enhanced ( P < 0.05). Additionally, it elevated antioxidant activities (T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px) and serum immune parameters (LZM, ACP, and AKP activities, as well as TP and GLB contents) in M. salmoides . In terms of intestinal microorganisms, it was revealed that exogenous formic acid significantly changed intestinal microbial composition: decreased the abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas ( P < 0.05); and increased the abundance of probiotics such as Bacillus , Acinetobacter , and Cetobacterium ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that the abundance of microbial functions related to nutrient metabolism increased significantly in FA1 group ( P < 0.05). Compared with CG group fish, both the most up-regulated DEGs and the most down-regulated DEGs were related to the cell cycle, intestinal immune network for IgA production, and mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggested that exogenous formic acid influences host intestinal gene expression and the structure of the gut microbiota, and contributes to digestion and absorption capacity and health in M. salmoides .
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高影响因子
Animals
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 11
·1658
·
IF 3.2
Zeping Fang,Chao Song,Shengyun Kang,Guoliang Ruan,Xiaofeng Huang
Simple SummaryCrayfish processing produces large amounts of shell by-products that could be used in aquafeeds, but their direct use is limited by poor digestibility and high chitin and ash contents. This study compared dried, enzymatically hydrolyzed, and fermented crayfish shell meals as partial replacements for fish meal in diets for juvenile largemouth bass. Dried crayfish shell meal reduced growth and caused less favorable intestinal and physiological responses. In contrast, fermented crayfish shell meal maintained growth performance comparable to the fish meal control and improved antioxidant status, intestinal enzyme activity, and gut microbiota. Enzymatic hydrolysis showed partial benefits but was less effective than fermentation. These results suggest that fermentation is a useful strategy for improving the feeding value of crayfish shell by-products and converting them into sustainable aquafeed ingredients.This study evaluated the effects of crayfish shell meal (CSM) processed by drying, enzymatic hydrolysis, or fermentation on juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 320 fish (initial body weight, approximately 5.69 g) were distributed into 16 tanks, with 20 fish per tank and four replicates per treatment. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were prepared: a fish meal-based control diet (FM) and three diets containing 4.5% dried CSM (DCSM), enzymatically hydrolyzed CSM (ECSM), or fermented CSM (FCSM), in which fish meal was reduced from 45.0% to 39.6%, and were fed for 8 weeks. Compared with the FM group, DCSM significantly reduced final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, and increased feed conversion ratio (p< 0.05). ECSM generally showed intermediate responses, whereas FCSM did not differ significantly from FM in these growth and feed utilization indices (p> 0.05). DCSM also significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels and induced a pro-inflammatory intestinal response, as indicated by decreasedil10and increasedil1bandtnfaexpression (p< 0.05). Compared with DCSM, FCSM significantly improved these serum and inflammatory indices, increased intestinal trypsin, Na+/K+-ATPase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities (p< 0.05), and showed more favorable antioxidant and gut microbiota responses. Overall, fermentation was more effective than enzymatic hydrolysis in improving the feeding value of CSM for largemouth bass. These results suggest that FCSM is a promising alternative ingredient for aquafeeds and may contribute to the high-value utilization of crayfish processing by-products.
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高影响因子
AQUACULTURE
·
2022
·
IF 5.135
Weijun Chen,Shiyang Gao,Kuo Chang,Xiaoyu Zhao,Ben Niu
The present study evaluated the effect of dietary sodium butyrate (NaBT) supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota composition, and liver health of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides fed high-fat diets. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated: a high-fat diet and the high-fat diet supplemented by 0.05% NaBT, 0.1% NaBT, or 0.2% NaBT. Each diet was randomly distributed to triplicate tanks (200 L ) containing 30 fish (initial weight 4.0 ± 0.1 g) per tank. The experimental fish were fed to apparent satiation twice daily for 60 days. The orthogonal polynomial contrasts showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) increased linearly ( P < 0.05) with increasing dietary NaBT levels (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), condition factor (CF), viscerosomatic index (VSI), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). There were no differences in the alpha diversity indices (including Operational Taxonomic Units, Chao index, and Simpson index) of intestinal microbiota between the various dietary groups ( P > 0.05). For the intestinal microbiota composition, the proportion of Proteobacteria were linearly and cubically increased, whereas the proportion of Tenericutes and Mesomycoplasma were linearly and cubically decreased with the increase of dietary NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). The increasing dietary NaBT levels led to significantly quadratic decrease of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ( P < 0.05), linear and quadratic decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ( P < 0.05), and linear, quadratic, and cubic decrease of diamine oxidase (DAO) ( P < 0.05). Hepatic triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TCHO) contents decreased linearly and quadratically with the increase of dietary NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). Increasing dietary NaBT levels linearly, quadratically, and cubically decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents ( P < 0.05). Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity levels increased linearly with the increasing dietary NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). As the dietary NaBT levels gradually increased, the relative expression of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) increased linearly, quadratically, and cubically ( P < 0.05), while the relative expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP 1) decreased linearly, quadratically, and cubically ( P < 0.05). The relative expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cysteinyl aspartate specific protease 3 (Caspase 3) decreased linearly and quadratically with the increasing NaBT levels ( P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that fish growth was closely correlated with microbiota composition, hepatic lipid accumulation, hepatic antioxidant-related parameters, and hepatic gene expression ( P < 0.05). These results indicated that NaBT could be used to alleviate the negative influence of high-fat diets on fish growth, intestinal microbiota homeostasis , and liver health.
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Aquaculture Reports
·
2025
·
IF 3.7
Yexin Wei,Xin Liu,Jia Huang,Haijie Chen,Yuanfa He,Yongjun Chen,Shimei Lin
High-starch diets disrupt glucose and lipid metabolism in fish, which in turn leads to impaired liver function and growth. Although quercetin has been shown to reduce blood glucose and cholesterol levels in mammals, its role in aquaculture fish remains poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, five experimental diets were formulated: LS (8 % starch without quercetin), HS (16 % starch without quercetin), HSQ 200 (16 % starch with 0.02 % quercetin), HSQ 400 (16 % starch with 0.04 % quercetin), and HSQ 800 (16 % starch with 0.08 % quercetin). Juvenile largemouth bass (initial weight: 10.02 ± 0.05 g) were fed respective diets for 10 weeks. Compared with the LS group, the HS group exhibited significant growth inhibition and liver damage. Notably, quercetin supplementation significantly improved weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratios (PER); reduced blood glucose, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and liver enzyme activities (AST and ALT). Mechanically, quercetin decreased liver glycogen levels by upregulating genes related to glucose metabolism ( g6pc1a , pfkla , and slc2a1b ). It also reduced liver TG, TC, and lipid content by downregulating lipid metabolism-related genes ( fasn , acaca , cd36 , and fabp4a ). Furthermore, quercetin lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by upregulating antioxidant genes ( cat , gpx7 , sod1 ), enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and alleviating oxidative stress. These findings demonstrate that, quercetin protects against high-starch-induced liver injury through multiple pathways involving oxidative stress and metabolism. For optimal growth performance and hepatoprotection, dietary supplementation with 400 mg/kg quercetin is recommended in a high-starch diet for largemouth bass.
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Vaccines
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·920
·
IF 3.5
Xingchen Huo,Yiwen Chai,Zhihong Ma,Yuqi Zhu,Lin Luo,Huanhuan Yu,Na Jiang
Background: Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV) triggers heavy mortality in farmed Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Oral subunit vaccines are suitable for mass fish immunization yet often yield unsatisfactory immunity. Intestinal microbiota strongly modulates mucosal immune competence. This study assessed whether PLGA/selenium nanoparticle (P/Se) pretreatment enhances protection afforded by a PLGA-based oral subunit vaccine (P/V) against LMBV.Methods: A 2 × 2 factorial design was applied. Fish received 28-day oral P/Se pretreatment followed by three oral doses of P/V. Material characterization, 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing combined with microbial assembly analysis (diversity, NST, Sloan neutral model), qRT-PCR for immune related genes, serum specific antibody ELISA, LMBV immersion challenge and histopathological examination were conducted.Results: P/Se and P/V microspheres were successfully fabricated with acceptable particle size, and loading efficiency. P/Se pretreatment significantly elevated gut microbial α-diversity and enrichedActinobacteriota, in addition to increasing the relative contribution of stochastic processes to gut community assembly. The combined pretreatment–vaccine group markedly up-regulated intestinal mucosal immune genes (IL-1β, IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IgT) and systemic IgM. Consistently, higher serum-specific IgM antibody levels, improved survival rate, and alleviated virus-induced pathological injuries in trunk kidney and liver were observed in this combined group. Vaccination alone only conferred limited protection, and pretreatment alone produced no obvious antiviral protection.Conclusions: P/Se sequential intervention remodels intestinal microbiota and enhances the protective potency of oral subunit vaccine. This sequential feeding strategy offers a feasible way to optimize oral-vaccine performance for cultured largemouth bass.
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Antioxidants
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 3
·283
·
IF 8.2
Jiayin Yang,Mingxiao Li,Xi Chen,Chao Song,Limin Fan,Liping Qiu,Dandan Li,Huimin Xu,Tiejun Li,Ying Huang,Shunlong Meng
Infections caused byAeromonas hydrophilalead to significant economic losses inMicropterus salmoidesaquaculture. Prior to the single-dose oral administration via gavage, the antibacterial efficacy of Oxolinic Acid (OXO) against theAeromonas hydrophilastrain NJ-35 was initially validated using in vitro assays. Subsequently, this study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, tissue residue depletion, and safety of OXO following a single oral dose (30 mg/kg) via medicated feed. The highest tissue concentration was observed in the kidney (Cmax17.99 mg/L), while the muscle, the primary edible tissue, reached 4.54 mg/L. Residues in all tissues declined significantly by 72 h, supporting a withdrawal period of 476 degree-days. Metabolomic and biochemical analyses at peak concentration times revealed OXO-induced oxidative stress. Perturbations in the kidney were primarily associated with amino acid metabolism, whereas the muscle exhibited alterations in both lipid and amino acid pathways. Corresponding changes in oxidative stress markers were also detected. These metabolic disturbances and biochemical shifts gradually resolved as OXO was eliminated. This study confirms the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of OXO, establishes a practical withdrawal period, and demonstrates its overall effectiveness and safety profile inMicropterus salmoidesunder the experimental conditions. The findings provide crucial data for the judicious use of OXO in freshwater aquaculture, highlight transient metabolic effects, and contribute to supporting sustainable farming practices.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 3.129
Ying Shao,Lan Wang,Chunsong Chen,Guangquan Xiong,Yaqin Hu,Yu Qiao,Wenjing Wu,Xin Li,Jun Wang,Li Liao,Anzi Ding
The effect of fermented soybeans from three different origin places (Hunan, Guangdong, and Sichuan in China) on protein oxidation and freshness of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) was investigated during repeated freezing-thawing (FT) cycles. The Hunan fermented soybean exhibited the best antioxidant capacity according to the capacity of Fe 3+ reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging activity, super oxide radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and reduced glutathione (GSH). As expected, 0.1% fermented soybean significantly (P < 0.05) delayed protein oxidation including the decline of reactive and total sulphydryls, Ca 2+ -ATPase activity, and freshness as well as the increase of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) during repeated freezing-thawing cycles treatments. It was concluded that the fermented soybean was not only a seasoning, but also an antioxidant in prepared fishes.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Yi lian Yin,You xing Xu,Meng ting Wang,Dao zhi Yang,Xiao yan Wang,Xian ke Zhou,Meng meng Huang,Shun Yang,Hui Fei
This study explored the toxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) intake at low (100 µg·Kg −1 , LD group) and high doses (300 µg·Kg −1 , HD group) on largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). After a 56-day feeding trial, the HD group exhibited significantly reduced growth performance and weakened antioxidant capacity, along with elevated activities of enzymes related to metabolic dysregulation. Histopathological analysis showed an increase in hepatic cell vacuoles, as well as a shortened intestinal villi in both LD and HD groups. Notably, high-dose DON intake markedly down-regulated the expression of intestinal epithelial tight junction-related genes and proteins. Microbiome analysis indicated a significant increase in the Delftia and Acinetobacteria relative abundance, accompanied by diminished in Mycoplasma abundance in the HD group. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated that the dysregulated metabolites were mainly associated with the lysine biosynthesis pathway. Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed that pyridoxamine and diferuloylputrescine served as key biomarkers associated with Acinetobacteria . Collectively, we confirmed that high-dose DON intake induces hepatointestinal damage, thereby impairing the growth performance of largemouth bass. Our findings also further highlighted the link between DON-induced gut microbiota alterations and metabolic disorders, offering new intervention targets for alleviating DON toxicity.
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高影响因子
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 4.7
An-Hui Jin,Yi-Fan Qian,Jiong Ren,Jin-Gang Wang,Fang Qiao,Mei-Ling Zhang,Zhen-Yu Du,Yuan Luo
In omnivorous fish, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs)-pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α subunit (PDHE1α) axis is essential in the regulation of carbohydrate oxidative catabolism. Among the existing research, the role of the PDKs-PDHE1α axis in carnivorous fish with poor glucose utilization is unclear. In the present study, we determined the effects of PDK inhibition on the liver glycolipid metabolism of largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). DCA is a PDK-specific inhibitor that inhibits PDK by binding the allosteric sites . A total of 160 juvenile largemouth bass were randomly divided into two groups, with four replicates of 20 fish each, fed a control diet and a control diet supplemented with dichloroacetate (DCA) for 8 weeks. The present results showed that DCA supplementation significantly decreased the hepatosomatic index , triglycerides in liver and serum, and total liver lipids of largemouth bass compared with the control group. In addition, compared with the control group, DCA treatment significantly down-regulated gene expression associated with lipogenesis . Furthermore, DCA supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pdk3a and increased PDHE1α activity. In addition, DCA supplementation improved glucose oxidative catabolism and pyruvate oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the liver, as evidenced by low pyruvate content in the liver and up-regulated expressions of glycolysis-related and TCA cycle/OXPHOS-related genes. Moreover, DCA consumption decreased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased transforming growth factor beta ( tgf-β ), glutathione S-transferase ( gst ), and superoxide dismutase 1 ( sod1 ) gene expression compared with the control diet. This study demonstrated that inhibition of PDKs by DCA promoted glucose utilization, reduced hepatic lipid deposition, and improved oxidative stress in largemouth bass by increasing pyruvate OXPHOS. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the underlying mechanism of the PDKs-PDHE1α axis in glucose metabolism and improve the utilization of dietary carbohydrates in farmed carnivorous fish.
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高影响因子
Frontiers in Physiology
·
2025
·
IF 3.4
Yi-Jia Liu,Jian Guo,Chang-Da Li,Si-Yin Han,Lu Cai
Introduction Intensive aquaculture frequently utilizes high-fat diets (HF) as a cost-effective strategy, yet this practice often induces hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation in carnivorous fish. Betaine, a natural methyl donor, has shown potential as a functional feed additive, but its comprehensive protective mechanisms under HF stress remain to be fully elucidated. Methods Juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were fed one of four isonitrogenous diets for 8 weeks: a normal-fat control (Control), a high-fat diet (HF), and two high-fat diets supplemented with 0.5% (HFB0.5) or 1.0% (HFB1) betaine. Growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, serum biochemical parameters, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and the expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, lipid metabolism, and inflammation were analyzed. Results The HF group exhibited significantly impaired growth, digestive function, and antioxidant capacity, along with elevated lipid peroxidation, dyslipidemia, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Betaine supplementation restored growth performance and feed efficiency to control levels, ameliorated digestive enzyme activities (particularly enhancing lipase), and activated the hepatic Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, upregulating antioxidant genes (nrf2, sod1, cat, gpx, ho-1, gr) and enhancing enzyme activities. Betaine also improved serum lipid profiles, upregulated genes related to fatty acid oxidation (pparα, cpt-1) and lipolysis (lpl, hsl), suppressed lipogenic genes (srebp-1, fas), and rebalanced inflammatory cytokines by reducing tnf-α and il-1β while increasing tgf-β1 and il-10. Discussion Dietary betaine effectively counteracts HF-induced metabolic stress in M. salmoides through coordinated multi-pathway regulation. It enhances antioxidant defense, reprograms hepatic lipid metabolism toward catabolism, and restores inflammatory homeostasis. These findings underscore betaine’s role as a multi-functional feed additive capable of mitigating HF-related metabolic disorders and promoting overall health in carnivorous fish aquaculture.
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高影响因子
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 2.7
Weijun Chen,Shiyang Gao,Ping Sun,Lei Han,Zhenyang Zhang
The investigation was to validate the alleviating effect of sodium butyrate on high-fat diet-induced gut injury and growth inhibition in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ). Five diets were designed: four high-fat diets (18 % crude lipid) supplemented with sodium butyrate at 0 % (HF), 0.05 % (HFS1), 0.1 % (HFS2), and 0.2 % (HFS3), as well as a control diet (C, 10 % crude lipid). Three tanks (30 fish each tank) were randomly allocated to each diet. Fish (4.0 g) were fed to apparent satiation for sixty days. Results indicated that HF dramatically reduced fish growth and induced oxidative stress, mucosal barrier dysfunction, gut inflammation, and gut dysbiosis compared to C. However, in comparison to HF, HFS1, HFS2, and HFS3 diets significantly promoted feed intake and weight gain rate, relieved oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant defense (e.g., total superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) and reducing malondialdehyde content, enhanced mucosal barrier by upregulating the expression of occludin, mucin3a, zona occluding-1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and lysozyme, and reduced inflammation by downregulating the expression levels of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α ( P < 0.05). Moreover, HFS1 and HFS3 dramatically reduced Tenericutes and Mesomycoplasma abundance, whereas HFS1 increased Lactococcus abundance when compared to HF ( P < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between fish growth and gut injury with mucosal barrier proteins and gut microbiota (e.g., Tenericutes, Mesomycoplasam , and Lactococcus ) ( P < 0.05). These findings suggested that sodium butyrate can help mitigate the detrimental effects of high-fat diets on fish growth and gut health.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Hongyan Li,Yiying Fu,Wangbao Gong,Guangjun Wang,Zhifei Li,Jingjing Tian,Kai Zhang,Ermeng Yu,Yun Xia,Wenping Xie,Jun Xie
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) / nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating toxin-induced inflammation and apoptosis in mammals. Whether dietary curcumin (CUR) can prevent copper (Cu)-induced liver injury via this signaling pathway remains to be established in aquatic animals. Juvenile largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) were exposed to dietary Cu and CUR treatments for 8 weeks. The results showed that chronic Cu exposure induced oxidative stress, causing liver function damage and liver injury. Cu exposure stimulated inflammation by regulating nf-kb and pro-inflammatory genes such as tnfα and il-1β and promoted apoptotic signals in the liver by modulating bcl2 and casp3 mRNA levels. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis verified that inflammatory and apoptotic responses were important indicators of Cu-induced liver injury. CUR attenuated stress responses by enhancing the antioxidant system. Importantly, CUR significantly stimulated PXR mRNA and protein levels in the Cu + CUR group and suppressed NF-κB activation to inhibit the inflammatory and apoptotic signaling cascade. These results suggest that CUR may be an effective activator of PXR in teleost fishes, exerting cytoprotective effects on Cu-induced liver injury via a PXR-mediated NF-κB repression mechanism. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that CUR may act as a potent PXR ligand that exerts hepatoprotective effects against Cu-induced liver injury. The findings shed light on the specific regulatory role of the PXR/NF-κB signaling pathway in liver pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target in teleost fishes.
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