COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 9.879
Jing Chen,Jiaming Zhu,Yiyue Luo,Hong Wu,Shaoyun Guo,Jianhui Qiu
Friction and wear properties of polyamide (PA) materials can be improved by graphite (Gr) due to its superlubricity. For further enhancing the ultimate properties of composites, the interfacial adhesion between Gr and PA has already attracted growing attention, while the contribution of Gr arrangement is often ignored. In this work, the interfacial adhesion was improved by π-π interactions between Gr and 1,3-Bis(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)benzene (BOB) functionalized PA6 via reactive extrusion . Moreover, the highly oriented structure of Gr was achieved by the strong extensional and shearing field. Experimental results indicated that BOB functionalized PA6 with 20 wt% highly oriented Gr (PA6-BOB/HOGr20) displayed excellent balanced performance. Compared with pure PA6, the coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate of the PA6-BOB/HOGr20 composite were reduced by nearly 42% and 46%, respectively. Furthermore, its in-plane thermal conductivity (TC) reached as high as 2.14 W/(m K). Due to the low COF and high TC , the tribo-surface temperature was consistently lower than its glass transition temperature (T g ) under harsh pressure-velocity ( PV ) conditions of this experiment. In addition, the PA6-BOB/HOGr20 composite still has high ductility, and the elongation at break reaches 150%. This work provides a facile and environmentally friendly method for designing high-performance wear-resistant composites, which can be used as linear guide rail, liner, and linear bearing in industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物复合材料
·
摩擦学
·
热管理
·
机械工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2023
·Vol. 30
·期 10
·1-13
·
IF 2.8
Li Heng,Chen Limiao,Li Zhongbei,Wang Wengui,Liu Ying,Huang Xuemei,Liu Yaochi
The combination of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds has synergistic flame retardant effect, but the addition of low phosphorus content compounds is large, which affects the mechanical properties of polymers. Phosphorus ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with high phosphorus content and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) doped with SiO 2 were used for the flame retardant (CN-Si-APP) of polyamide 6 (PA6). CN-Si-APPs with different APP/CN mass ratio (1, 2.5 and 4) and dosage (7 and 12 wt%) were blended with PA6 via a twin-screw extruder, and their flame retardancy was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, muffle furnace carbonization test and raman spectroscopy. When only APP added, the coefficient of water absorption (CWA) of composites increased and its tensile strength greatly reduced by nearly 37.1% to 35.39 MPa. The addition of g-C 3 N 4 inhibited the water absorption. When the addition dosage is 7%, the CWA of PA6/APP, PA6/CN-Si-APP2.5, PA6 and PA6/CN were 11.1, 6.86, 5.78 and 4.6%, respectively. SiO 2 effectively improved the dispersion of g-C 3 N 4 and the mechanical properties of composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the char residue of PA6 composites was improved significantly. The composite with 7 wt% CN-Si-APP4 passed the UL-94 V-0 rating. The LOI value and graphitization degree (I D /I G ) of PA6/12 wt% CN-Si-APP2.5 reached 28.7% and 2.93 respectively. Under the same dosage, the graphitization degree of CN-Si-APP2.5 (3.51) was higher than that of g-C 3 N 4 (3.98). The barrier protection of g-C 3 N 4 , catalytic effect of APP and SiO 2 crosslinking network promoted PA6 to form a dense and stable char layer, which protected PA6 composites from the flame. The strategy of synergistic flame retardant in this paper provides a valuable solution for reducing the amount of flame retardant.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Li Jiaojiao,Zhang Song,Zhang Yan,Zhang Yuanyuan,Liu Bing,Zhang Yuanming
Indoor air pollution, particularly odorous compounds
like ammonia,
poses a serious threat to human health, highlighting the urgent need
for functional materials with efficient and durable air purification
capabilities. Here, photocatalytic deodorizing polyamide 6 (PA6) fibers
were functionalized with carbon dots/titanium dioxide (C-dots/TiO 2 ) through KH560-assisted interfacial immobilization and were
subsequently woven into Axminster carpets. The addition of C-dots
can effectively extend the visible-light response of TiO 2 and promote the generation of key reactive oxygen species (·OH
and·O 2 – ), which are crucial for
oxidizing ammonia intermediates and bacterial inactivation. The photocatalytic
performance of C-dots/TiO 2 –KH560–PA6 fibers
was evaluated by investigating the effects of different concentrations
of KH560 and C-dots/TiO 2 on ammonia removal, thereby determining
the optimal concentrations for treating PA6 fibers. The prepared functional
carpet demonstrated efficient ammonia removal (85.3% in 3 h under
a light initial concentration of ∼250 ppm, Lighting conditions:
xenon lamp, 150 mW/cm 2 ), excellent washing durability,
and high reusability. Furthermore, the carpet exhibited potent antibacterial
activity. This work presents a feasible strategy for fabricating efficient,
stable, and multifunctional photocatalytic carpets, offering significant
potential for improving indoor environmental quality in diverse settings.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Changcheng Liu,Ya Zhang,Min He,Yufei Liu,Yiming Xiong
Strong carbon fiber/polyamide 6 (CF/PA6) interfacial adhesion is crucial, yet conventional sizing lacks sufficient polar groups. This study develops a novel epoxy-based sizing agent via emulsion technology to address it. Through a rationally designed emulsification process, not only was a highly stable epoxy emulsion achieved, but a flexible cross-linked interfacial layer with high oxygen content (31.5%) and elevated surface energy (79.0 mN·m −1 ) was successfully fabricated on the CF surface. The resulting composites exhibited a 41.0% improvement in tensile strength and a 48.6% increase in interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Furthermore, the compatibilization mechanism of the hydroxyl ( OH) functional groups within the sizing agent was systematically investigated. This work offers a promising pathway for engineering CF surfaces with rich polar functionality and advancing the development of high-performance CF/PA6 composites. Highlights Structure–property relation links sizing agent to interfacial phase. Tuned interfacial OH content boosts interfacial and mechanical properties. Emulsifier structure controls stability and quality for defect-free composites.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2026
·
IF 8.2
Yining Wang,Zhimin Wang,Guoxin Pang,Qiming Wang,Yu Deng,Cheng Liu,Xigao Jian,Yousi Chen
Conventional single-component sizing agents for carbon fiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites typically form interfacial layers governed by a single interaction mechanism, making it difficult to simultaneously achieve interfacial spreading and structural stability during processing. To overcome this limitation, a cationic dual-component waterborne sizing strategy based on main-chain hydrophilic structural design is proposed. A flexible waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and a rigid naphthalene-containing polyamide (PNA) are co-deposited on carbon fibers to construct a phase-differentiated interfacial layer in CF/PA6 composites. The identical charge characteristics enable stable aqueous coexistence and uniform deposition. The treatment increases fiber surface polarity and improves wettability toward PA6 melt. Simulations show that WPU, with higher fractional free volume, promotes interfacial spreading, whereas PNA, with a rigid backbone and lower free volume, maintains structural integrity at elevated temperature. Their synergy induces a phase-differentiated architecture and phase-structure-driven mechanical interlocking interface. As a result, interlaminar shear strength and flexural strength reach 73.6 MPa and 1054 MPa, respectively, with failure mode shifting from interfacial debonding to interfacial/matrix cooperative failure. This dual-component, phase-structure-regulated strategy provides an effective route to surpass the intrinsic limits of single-component sizing systems.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Wenqi Zou,Kaiqiang Luo,Jun Xu,Munan Qiu,Jing Tian,Zhanpeng Wu,Baohua Guo
In this study, the challenges of brittleness and flammability in Polyamide 6/glass fiber (PA6/GF) composites, which are crucial for heat-resistant and stress-bearing structural parts, are addressed. Polyphosphazene (PZ) elastomers, known for their exceptional flame-retardant properties, are introduced to enhance the robustness and safety of these composites. Specifically, poly(diaryloxy)phosphazene (PDAP) and poly(difluoroalkoxy)phosphazene (PDFP) are utilized, both contributing to the improved toughness and flame resistance of the PA6/GF composites. Experimental results show that PDAP mainly played the role of solid-phase flame retardant, while PDFP mainly acted the role of gas-phase flame retardant. For PA/PZs composites without adding GF, PDFP plays a more efficient flame retardant effect than PDAP. By introducing 15 Vol% of PDFP, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composite reached 26.1%, while the notched impact strength increased by 297%. For PA/PZs/GF composites, PDAP plays a better flame retardant role than PDFP. Under the action of 30 vol% GF and 15 vol% PDAP, the LOI of PA6/PDAP/GF composite reached 26.8%, and the notch impact strength improved to 18.7 kJ/m 2 , which is 165% higher than that of PA6/GF, and the UL-94 test reaches V-0 level. The findings of the study highlight the potential of PDAP and PDFP to act as dual-function modifiers. These modifiers can considerably ameliorate both the impact resistance and flame retardancy of PA6 and PA6/GF composites. Such dual enhancement surpasses the typical trade-offs seen in conventional composites, indicating a constructive direction for future material innovation. Highlights Polyphosphazenes simultaneously enhance PA6's toughness & flame resistance. Distinct flame retardant mechanisms found in PDAP and PDFP. GF presence alters PDAP and PDFP's flame retardant efficacy. PDAP shows superior flame resistance in GF-reinforced PA6 composites. Without GF, PDFP outperforms PDAP in enhancing flame retardancy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER COMPOSITES
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Wenkai Feng,Bo Liang,Haorong Li,Jing Chen,Xiping Gao,Dahu Yao,Chang Lu,Xinchang Pang
The improvement in social production efficiency demands increasingly faster mechanical operation speeds. However, under high-speed friction conditions, the frictional heat generated by nylon 6 (PA6) components is difficult to dissipate efficiently, leading to severe wear and subsequently threatening the safe operation of the equipment. In this work, interconnected expanded graphite/stearic acid (EG/SA) networks in PA6 composites were constructed to achieve fast frictional heat dissipation and self-lubricating properties by a simple hot-pressing method. The synergistic lubrication of EG and SA results in PA6 composites with a low coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.12, a 74.5% reduction compared to pure PA6. The low COF reduces the generation of frictional heat, while the conduction and absorption of frictional heat by the EG/SA network accelerates the dissipation of frictional heat, ultimately lowering the contact temperature from 106.9°C to 40.6°C. The specific wear rate of the PA6 composite is as low as 1.7 × 10 −5 mm 3 N −1 m −1 , which is 90.1% lower than that of pure PA6. This study provides a new solution for the rapid dissipation of frictional heat in polymer composites under harsh operating conditions and broadens the application range of wear-resistant polymer composites. Highlights Expanded graphite (EG) prevents stearic acid from leaking through adsorption. The interconnected EG network transfers frictional heat to stearic acid. The phase transition of stearic acid can absorb heat and promote lubrication. The low COF and high heat dissipation make PA6 composites highly wear-resistant.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
摩擦学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
·
2021
·
IF 5.876
Ming Cao,Yingbo Chen,Xiujing Huang,Lei Sun,Jiaopeng Xu,Kang Yang,Xinyu Zhao,Ligang Lin
ABSTRACT The construction of highly efficient membranes toward oil/water separation is crucial in severe oily sewage treatment while graphene materials are considered stable blocks for oil/water separating membranes. Herein, first, with the presence of graphene oxide, in-situ polymerization of caprolactam was carried out and polyamide-6-reduced graphene oxide composites (PA6-rGO) were successfully synthesized. Then the PA6-rGO nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning combining electrospraying process. Nanofiber skin with microshphere/bead fiber structure on the surface of ordinary electrospun fiber membrane was prepared in 2 steps. Hence the nanofiber membrane separation performance to emulsions under gravity driving was investigated. The results showed that the flux of surfactant-stabilized emulsions would reach up to 765.4 Lm −2 ·h −1 with the rejection up to 99.6%. It is expected to be practically applied in a low-pressure driven membrane separation system to achieve preliminary separation of severe oily sewage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 9.038
Yuyang Li,Xiangmei Li,Ye-Tang Pan,Xingyan Xu,Yunze Song,Rongjie Yang
Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) is a high-efficiency phosphorus-based flame retardant with high P content, which is widely used in Polyamide 6 (PA6). However, AHP releases phosphine gas (PH 3 ) at high temperatures, which is highly toxic to human’s health and environment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have porous structure exhibiting high performance in gas adsorption. Therefore, mesoporous iron (III) carboxylate [MIL-100 (Fe)] was synthesized in this work and employed to study the adsorption capacity of toxic PH 3 in PA6/AHP composite during processing. AHP was combined with melamine cyanurate (MCA) and MIL-100 (Fe) followed by blending with PA6 to prepare PA6 composites (PA6/MA and PA6/MAF). PA6/MAF with the weight ratio of 5:5 performed well in inhibiting the release of PH 3 during the processing of composite as well as the accelerated thermal experiment devised by our group. Besides, PA6/MAF (5:5) showed relatively low fire hazard reflected by the reduction of the peak of heat release rate of PA6 composite from 962 to 260 kW/m 2 compared with that of pure PA6 in the cone calorimeter test, and MIL-100 (Fe) along with MCA also presented synergistic effect in suppressing the emission of carbon monoxide. The subtle selection of MOFs herein has the potential to be used as a promising synergist for hazardous gases released from polymer composites to improve the occupational and fire safety in the society.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SENSORS
·
2014
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·21453-21465
·
IF 2.048
Zengyuan Pang,Jiapeng Fu,Pengfei Lv,Fenglin Huang,Qufu Wei
Camphor sulfonic acid (CSA)-doped polyamide 6/polyaniline (PA6/PANI) composite nanofibers were fabricated usingin situpolymerization of aniline under different CSA concentrations (0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 M) with electrospun PA6 nanofibers as templates. The structural, morphological and ammonia sensing properties of the prepared composite nanofibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), four-point probe techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and a home-made gas sensing test system. All the results indicated that the CSA concentration had a great influence on the sensing properties of CSA-doped PA6/PANI composite nanofibers. The composite nanofibers doped with 0.02 M CSA showed the best ammonia sensing properties, with a significant sensitivity toward ammonia (NH3) at room temperature, superior to that of the composite nanofibers doped with 0.04–0.10 mol/L CSA. It was found that for high concentrations of CSA, the number of PANI–H+reacted with NH3would not make up a high proportion of all PANI–H+within certain limits. As a result, within a certain range even though higher CSA-doped PA6/PANI nanofibers had better conductivity, their ammonia sensing performance would degrade.Keywords:polyaniline;camphor sulfonic acid;polyamide 6;ammonia;gas sensor
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nano Materials Science
·
2024
·
IF 12.6
Qigang Li,Jianyun Ding,Youfang Zhang,Weiwei Lei,Zhaoyang Wei,Chao Chen,Dean Shi
Achieving high thermal conductivity in polymer composites with micro or nanoparticle fillers are challenging. Typically, over 50 vol% filler loading is necessary to form a thermal conductive network. However, even with such a network in place, the increase in thermal conductivity may not be significant compared to that in electrically conductive composites. To clarify the ideal filler network structure, we endeavored to selectively disperse nano-sized Al₂O₃ nanoparticles at the interface of co-continuous SEBS/PA6 blends, with and without various filler surface modification methods. A thermal conductive network forms when all interface areas are fully covered by 2.56 vol% of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles (very close to theoretical loading content 2.29 vol%). In this case, the Al 2 O 3 nanoparticle has the highest thermal conductive contribution (TCC). However, the absolute TCC values are extremely low because of the interfacial thermal resistance and it will decrease when the filler content exceeds 2.56 vol%, indicating that some nanoparticles are dispersed separately out of the existed thermal conductive network. These findings suggest that the construction of a connected thermal conductive network, relatively lower interfacial thermal resistance and the precise positioning of fillers within this network are essential for achieving high thermal conductivity composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子科学
·
热工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Xiao Liu,Yaochi Liu
Triazine compounds are widely used as nitrogen-based halogen-free flame retardants. The commonly applied melamine has issues like low decomposition temperatures and a single flame-retardant element. Herein, melem (MEL), the trimer melamine with higher thermal stability, was synthesized using a one-step calcination method. It was mixed with aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) to obtain a synergistic flame retardant. Using the melt blending process, the polyamide 6 (PA6) composites of PA6, MEL, and ADP were produced. The composites containing MEL and ADP exhibited excellent flame-retardant performance, including self-extinguishing time, droplet count, and residual carbon content. When the mass ratio of MEL to ADP was 1:3 and the total loading reached 20 wt%, the PA6 composites achieved a V-0 rating in vertical burning (UL-94) tests, with limiting oxygen indices (LOI) reaching 33.5%. MEL decomposed into inert gases to provide gas-phase flame retardancy, while ADP and MEL synergistically promoted the formation of a dense carbon layer, providing solid-phase flame retardancy. The tensile strength of PA6/20MEL-ADP-1 was reduced by 29.61% compared to PA6. Its excellent comprehensive performance enabled its application in automobiles and electronic components. This work provides a synergistic strategy for high thermal stability triazine flame retardants and high-performance fire-retardant PA6.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）