Journal of Fungi
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·296
·
IF 4.3
Mei Yang,Shan Hu,Zhi-Yu Zhang,Fa-Zhong Yang,Xiao-Qin Yang,Si-Da Xie,Ying-Jun Zhang,Ping Zhao,Guo-Lei Zhu
Three novel alkaloids, penicitrioids A–C (1–3), and two known compounds (4–5) were isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of the solid fermentation ofPenicillium citrinumVDL118, an endophytic fungus harbored in the leaves ofVaccinium dunalianumWight (Ericaceae), a perennial evergreen shrub native to the southwestern regions of China, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Compounds1and2are novel pyridine alkaloids characterized by an unprecedented dihydrofuro[3,4-c]pyridine core, while3features a distinct pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine framework. Their structures were unambiguously established by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In vitro antifungal assays revealed that compounds1–5exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory effects against five tested phytopathogenic fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 3.1 to 100 μg/mL. Notably, four of them (1–4) displayed broad-spectrum and potent activity againstGloeophyllum trabeum,Coriolus versicolor,Fusarium solani, andBotrytis cinerea, with MIC values as low as 3.1–12.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for compounds1–3was proposed.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Yan Lv,Jing Liu,Yujun Zhang,Yiyu Zhou,Jianying Huang,Wenjie Wang,Xiancheng Ye
Penicillium expansum is the major fungus that causes blue mold and produces patulin, threatening human health. Due to health and environmental pollution concerns, chitosan (CS) has attracted more and more attention as a safer alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of blue mold. In the present study, four different benzimidazole groups were introduced onto CS by the acylation reaction to obtain benzimidazole-based chitosan derivatives (R1b–R4b). After being well-characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis spectra), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), their antifungal activities against P. expansum were screened. Results showed that the inhibitory effects of chitosan derivatives against the pathogen were significantly correlated with chitosan derivatives’ concentration and their structures. R4b was shown as optimum with good solubility and antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 mg/mL and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 2.0 mg/mL. The remarkable antifungal efficiency of R4b against P. expansum was further demonstrated in terms of spore germination, mycelial growth, patulin production, and the preliminary antifungal mechanism. R4b exhibited significant inhibition of patulin production, while its antifungal mechanism was revealed by destroying cell membrane integrity and inducing membrane depolarization. Furthermore, R4b treatment could significantly reduce the incidence of blue mold rot in apple fruit, and the MTT assay showed the nontoxicity of R4b against Raw 264.7, HBZY-1, and Caco-2 cells. Altogether, these results indicate that it is promising to be used as a fruit preservative in the future.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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植物病理学
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.056
Zilin Yu,Huanhuan Deng,Huan Qu,Beibei Zhang,Gaixiang Lei,Junhai Chen,Xiaoguang Feng,Dewen Wu,Youyi Huang,Zhixia Ji
The excessive intake of caffeine might adversely affect health, so decaffeinated food becomes a hot topic for investigation. Penicillium simplicissimum 4–17 was inoculated into sun-dried green tea for the pile fermentation (QZTWP) at a pilot scale to develop decaffeinated Qingzhuan tea (QZT). Through comparisons in chemical compositions, fungal community structure and sensory qualities, the results showed that after 21-d pile fermentation, most quality components in QZTWP were same or similar to those in naturally fermented QZT, except caffeine. Caffeine decreased nearly 50%, and some quality components were better in QZTWP than those in naturally fermented QZT. The addition of P . simplicissimum 4–17 couldn't change the dominant strains in the pile fermentation of QZT, but was conducive to increasing the amount of Saccharomyces , Candida , and Penicillium and to inhibiting the unfavorable strains. The results confirmed that P . simplicissimum 4–17 not only contributed high caffeine degradation ability of pilot fermentation of QZT, but also helped to improve the comprehensive quality of QZT. It means that there is a great potential of P . simplicissimum 4–17 for industrial production of decaffeinated QZT.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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茶叶加工
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 6.751
Okwong Oketch Reymick,Dazhao Liu,Yue Cheng,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Cuminaldehyde (CA) has a strong antimicrobial activity against an array of pathogens. In this study, its growth inhibitory effect on a wild type strain (Pds01) and an imazalil-resistant strain (Pdw03) of Penicillium digitatum , the causative agent of postharvest green mold in citrus fruit was examined. CA strongly inhibited mycelial growth of both strains with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.3 mL L -1 and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.6 mL L -1 . In vivo assays revealed that wax + CA (WCA, 10 × MFC) treatment could significantly reduce green mold incidence in Ponkan fruit incubated with P. digitatum . After 5 d of incubation, the disease incidence of 10 × MFC WCA treated fruit was 65.0 ± 3.4 % for Pds01 and 50.0 ± 2.1 % for Pdw03 which were much lower than the corresponding values in the control samples. The antifungal activity was attributed to activation of massive oxidative stress , as evidenced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, increased lipid peroxidation , damage to plasma membrane permeability of hyphal cells, leakage of intracellular components and eventual cell death. The imazalil-resistant strain was more susceptible to the damaging effect of CA than the wild type strain. Collectively, our present results suggest that CA may potentially be a new antifungal drug molecule for the control of postharvest green mold in citrus fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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食品科学
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植物化学
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BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
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2026
·
IF 4.3
Ding Mengqian,Wang Jihong,Liu Wenli
The widespread application and environmental persistence of tetracycline (TC) in livestock farming cause extensive pollution, threatening human health, ecological stability, and organismal growth. While microbial remediation offers a sustainable route for TC control, the combined mechanisms of fungal adsorption and degradation remain poorly understood. A highly efficient TC-degrading fungus, identified as Penicillium reticulisporum Te01, was isolated from farmland soil. Adsorption analysis followed the Langmuir model, indicating a monolayer process, whereas biodegradation was primarily driven by metabolic activity. The effects of inoculum dosage, initial TC concentration, temperature, and pH were first evaluated through single-factor experiments, and the optimal operational parameters were identified using response surface methodology, resulting in a maximum degradation efficiency of 72.58%. Results demonstrated that Mn²⁺ enhanced TC degradation at specific concentrations; conversely, chlortetracycline and ammonia nitrogen exerted significant inhibitory effects. Ecotoxicity assessment using Chlorella vulgaris revealed increased EC 50 values, confirming a reduction in toxicity after treatment with strain Te01. Additionally, LC–MS characterization identified eight major transformation intermediates to elucidate two plausible biodegradation pathways. These findings reveal, for the first time, the degradation behavior and underlying mechanisms of TC removal mediated by Penicillium reticulisporum Te01. Graphical abstract The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.
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ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 208
·期 11
·583
·
IF 3.4
Sun Yanru,Gao Jing,Jin Xianrui,Li Shuhan,Hou Yexuan,Fu Lu,Zhang Wenhui
Penicillium oxalicum is a major postharvest pathogen of kiwifruit, causing substantial economic losses. This study investigated the antifungal activity and mechanism of sucrose monostearate (SMS) against P. oxalicum . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SMS was determined to be 1.25 g L − 1 , which significantly inhibited spore germination by 88.28% and reduced mycelial growth by 65.94% ( p < 0.05). Mechanistically, SMS at 1.25 g L − 1 induced intracellular ROS accumulation by 1.7-fold, suppressed catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities by 54% and 60%, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 2.5-fold, confirming severe membrane lipid peroxidation and content leakage. Scanning electron microscopy revealed marked hyphal deformation, and in vivo assays showed that SMS reduced kiwifruit lesion diameter by 83.7% compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that SMS, as a single-ester antifungal agent, disrupts fungal membrane integrity and exhibits strong potential for postharvest disease control.
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MOLECULES
·
2022
·Vol. 27
·期 20
·7099
·
IF 4.927
Kuo Yong,Sidra Kaleem,Mingzhu Ma,Xiaoyuan Lian,Zhizhen Zhang
Marine-derivedPenicilliumfungi are one of the most important sources for the discovery of new bioactive natural products. This study characterized the isolation, structures, and antiglioma activities of twelve compounds, including three novel ones—penipyridinone B (1), 11S-(−)-penilloid A (2), and 11R,14E-(+)-penilloid A (3)—from the marine fungusPenicilliumsp. ZZ1750. The structures of the novel compounds were determined via extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data, Mosher’s method, optical rotation (OR) calculations, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Penipyridinone B represents the first example of its structural type and showed potent antiglioma activity, with IC50values of 2.45 μM for U87MG cells and 11.40 μM for U251 cells. The known compounds of questiomycin A (9) and xanthocillin X (10) also showed antiproliferative activity against both U87MG and U251 cells, with IC50values of 13.65 μM to 22.56 μM. The antiglioma activity of questiomycin A and xanthocillin X may be related to the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and the enhancement of caspase-3 enzyme activity.Keywords:marinePenicilliumsp. ZZ1750;penipyridinone B;11S-(−)-penilloid A;11R,14E-(+)-penilloid A;structure elucidation;antiglioma activity
研究领域:
天然产物化学
·
药理学
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海洋生物学
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癌症研究
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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing
·
2022
·Vol. 2
·期 4
·634-642
·
IF 0
Zhou Hengrui,Gao Song,Zeng Weizhu,Deng Zhenshan,Zhou Jingwen
Citrinin is a common mycotoxin produced by different fungi. Although considerable endeavors have been made to increase citrinin output to meet the requirements of research and industrial needs, few methods are effective, owing to potential safety concerns and technical limitations. In this study, a blue fungus that produces a yellow pigment was isolated from Ziziphus jujuba . The strain was then identified as Penicillium citrinum and named HR-087. Preparative liquid chromatography was used to extract the yellow pigment. Both LC–MS and NMR assays showed that it was citrinin. To enhance the citrinin production of this strain, the culture medium was optimized through orthogonal experiments, as well as batch and fed-batch process. The final titer and productivity of citrinin reached 9.62 g/L and 0.1 g/(L × h), respectively. The high titer achieved indicates the possibility of large-scale production of high purity citrinin for low-cost supply for both academic and diagnostic analysis standard.
研究领域:
微生物学
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生物技术
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天然产物化学
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发酵工程
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Journal of Fungi
·
2021
·Vol. 7
·期 6
·432
·
IF 5.816
Qiuli OuYang,Yangmei Liu,Okwong Reymick Oketch,Miaoling Zhang,Xingfeng Shao,Nengguo Tao
Ergosterol (ERG) is a potential target for the development of antifungal agents againstPenicillium digitatum, the pathogen of green mold in citrus fruits. This study examined the mechanism by which citronellal, a typical terpenoid ofCymbopogon nardusessential oil, acts on ergosterol to exhibit its antifungal activity againstP. digitatum. We previously reported that citronellal inhibited the growth ofP. digitatumwith minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 1.36 and 2.72 mg/mL, respectively. In citronellal-treated cells, the membrane integrity and ergosterol contents significantly decreased, whereas lanosterol, which serves as a precursor for ergosterol biosynthesis, massively accumulated. Addition of 150 mg/L of exogenous ergosterol decreased the inhibitory rate of citronellal, restoring the ergosterol content and hence the membrane structure to normal levels, and triggered expression of nearly all ERG genes. Based on our findings, we deduce that citronellal damages the cell membrane integrity ofP. digitatumby down-regulating the ERG genes responsible for conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol, the key downregulated gene beingERG3, due to the observed accumulation of ergosta-7,22-dienol.Keywords:citrus;pathogen;ergosterol;ERG genes;cell membrane integrity
研究领域:
微生物学
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植物病理学
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植物化学
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Scientific Reports
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 1
·1-14
·
IF 5.578
Liao Hanpeng,Zheng Haiping,Li Shuixian,Wei Zhong,Mei Xinlan,Ma Hongyu,Shen Qirong,Xu Yangchun
A multiple xylanase system with high levels of xylanase activity produced from Penicillium oxalicum GZ-2 using agricultural waste as a substrate has been previously reported. However, the eco-physiological properties and origin of the multiplicity of xylanases remain unclear. In the present study, eight active bands were detected using zymography and all bands were identified as putative xylanases using MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. These putative xylanases are encoded by six different xylanase genes. To evaluate the functions and eco-physiological properties of xylanase genes, xyn10A , xyn11A , xyn10B and xyn11B were expressed in Pichia pastoris . The recombinant enzymes xyn10A and xyn10B belong to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 xylanases, while xyn11A and xyn11B belong to GH11 xylanases. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant proteins revealed that all enzymes exhibited xylanase activity against xylans but with different substrate specificities, properties and kinetic parameters. These results demonstrated that the production of multiple xylanases in P. oxalicum GZ-2 was attributed to the genetic redundancy of xylanases and the post-translational modifications, providing insight into a more diverse xylanase system for the efficient degradation of complex hemicelluloses.
研究领域:
微生物学
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酶学
·
生物技术
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 7
Ruiyu Zhu,Weilun Wang,Zisheng Luo,Haiyan Lin,Yong Li,Weiqiang Lu,Zimu Xu,Chenggang Cai,Shuheng Hu
Blue light-emitting diode (LED) light has been considered to influence the growth, quality, and preservation of certain fruit and vegetable. However, the blue LED light impact on apple postharvest blue mold remains elusive. In this study, the influence of blue LED light on Penicillium expansum virulence and patulin secretion was investigated in vitro and in vivo, as well as on the apple quality. The growth of P. expansum was inhibited by blue LED light via changes in mycelium morphology changes, cell membrane integrity, and potential mitochondrial membrane destruction, thereby causing reactive oxygen species accumulation, oxidative stress , and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, the expression level of LaeA relevant to the pathogenicity of P. expansum , was down-regulated. Specifically, the patulin production of P. expansum was inhibited via expression down-regulation of the patulin biosynthesis-related genes PatA , PatE , and PatN rather than direct degradation by the blue LED light treatment. Additionally, no significant effects on the fruit quality were observed when the light intensity was lower than 120 μmol m -2 s -1 . In summary, blue LED light treatment has the potential for a low-cost, safe, and non-chemical approach to control apple postharvest decay.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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植物病理学
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RSC Advances
·
2018
·Vol. 8
·期 54
·30957-30965
·
IF 2.936
Yi-Xin Sun,Bing-Bing Shen,Hui-Ying Han,Yuan Lu,Bi-Xian Zhang,Yun-Fei Gao,Bao-Zhong Hu,Xiao-Mei Hu
Lignocellulosic biomass as one of the most abundant and renewable resources has great potential for biofuel production. The complete conversion of biomass to biofuel is achieved through the effective pretreatment process and the following enzyme saccharification. Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered as a green solvent for lignocellulose pretreatment. However, ILs exhibit an inhibitory effect on cellulase activity, leading to a subsequent decrease in the efficiency of saccharification. The screening of new potential IL-tolerant cellulases is important. In the current study, a fungal strain with a relatively high cellulase production was isolated and identified as Penicillium oxalicum HC6. The culture conditions were optimized using corn stover and peptone as the carbon source and nitrogen source at pH 4.0 and 30 °C with an inoculation size of 2% (v/v) for 8 days. It was found that P. oxalicum HC6 exhibited potential salt tolerance with the increase of the enzyme production at a salt concentration of 5.0% (w/v). In addition, high enzyme activities were obtained at pH 4.0–6.0 and 50–65 °C. The crude enzyme from P. oxalicum HC6 with good thermal stability was also stable in the presence of salt and ILs. Good yields of reducing sugar were obtained by the crude enzyme from P. oxalicum HC6 after the saccharification of corn stover that was pretreated by ILs. P. oxalicum HC6 with potentially salt-tolerant and IL-tolerant enzymes has great potential application in the enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulose.
研究领域:
生物技术
·
生物化学
·
环境科学
·
可再生能源
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